Determination of Graft Compatibility of Pear Cultivars Grafted on Different Rootstocks by Carbohydrate Analyses     

Çoban  Nermin  Öztürk  Ahmet 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2022,64(2):229-235

In modern pear cultivation, clonal quince and pear rootstocks are preferred because they are easy to maintain and harvest. Also, they form dwarf plants and improve fruit quality compared to pear seedling rootstocks. However, graft incompatibility can be involved between different species or genera. The aim of the study was to determine the graft compatibility of the ‘Deveci’ and ‘Williams’ pear cultivars with different pear and quince rootstocks by carbohydrate analysis. Carbohydrate accumulation in the graft union was also observed with iodized potassium iodide (KI) staining. In terms of rootstocks, there were no differences in starch and carbohydrate content, but statistically differences were found in sugar contents. Significant differences were also found between cultivars and graft union in terms of the examined traits. Sugar content was highest in OHxF 333 and lowest in seedling rootstocks. There were no statistical differences in the starch content between the graft unions of the ‘Deveci’ cultivar, while starch accumulation was higher above the graft union than below and graft union in the ‘Williams’ cultivar grafted on the quince rootstock. In the study, it was determined that there were higher carbohydrate accumulation in the scion and graft union than below the graft union in ‘Williams’ grafted quince rootstocks, which was also confirmed by staining with KI. As a result of the study, it was concluded that carbohydrate accumulation analysis can be used to determine the graft compatibility of the pear cultivars with the different quince and pear rootstocks.

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Salinity effects on growth,proline and ion accumulation in strawberry plants     

Lütfi Pirlak  Ahmet Eşitken 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):189-192

Abstract

Freeze tolerance of red raspberry cultivars and selections, including one specimen each from eight indigenous Norwegian Rubus idaeus L. populations, showed that there were significant differences in bud survival and tissue browning in a two-year test at Stj?rdal, Norway. Selections from the Norwegian breeding program and the Norwegian cultivar Balder had the most freeze-tolerant buds at the May screening in both years, while the Norwegian cultivar Vene was tolerant in one year. The cultivars Malling Admiral, Nootka, Chilcotin, Glen Isla and Gradina were tolerant in one of the years but not in the other. Meeker, Glen Moy, Skeena, Glen Prosen, Malling Joy, Malling Leo and Malling Orion were not tolerant in either year. The selections from indigenous Norwegian Rubus idaeus were all freeze-tolerant in one year, but less tolerant than the best the other year. Tissue browning was preferred as a screening test for freeze injury in midwinter, while bud growth is preferable in spring.  相似文献   

Antibodies to Schmallenberg virus in domestic livestock in Turkey     

Ahmet Kursat Azkur  Harun Albayrak  Ali Risvanli  Zuleyha Pestil  Emre Ozan  Oktay Yılmaz  Sukru Tonbak  Abdullah Cavunt  Hamza Kadı  Hasan Ceyhun Macun  Duygu Acar  Erhan Özenç  Sidal Alparslan  Hakan Bulut 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(8):1825-1828

This, partly retrospective study, was designed to determine the seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a new Orthobunyavirus first reported in Germany in late 2011, in domestic ruminants from the Middle Black Sea, West, and Southeast regions of Turkey. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to screen serum samples collected from slaughterhouse animals between 2006 and 2013. The overall seroprevalence was 335/1,362 (24.5 %) with 325/816 (39.8 %), 5/307 (1.6 %), 3/109 (2.8 %), and 2/130 (1.5 %) recorded in cattle, sheep, goats, and Anatolian water buffalo, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of antibodies to SBV in Turkish ruminants; it indicates that cattle are more susceptible to infection than sheep, goats, or buffalo and that exposure of domestic ruminants to SBV in Turkey may have occurred up to 5 years prior to the first recorded outbreak of the disease in 2011.  相似文献   

Blood Levels of Selected Metabolic Factors,Cytokines, and Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Arabian and Thoroughbred Horses During the Longest and Shortest Days of the Year     

Aykut Gokturk Uner  Nesrin Sulu  Cigdem Altinsaat  Ahmet Ergun 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

Day length-related alterations of several metabolic factors (glucose, leptin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1]), cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], and lymphocyte subpopulations [CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, natural killer (NK) cells) were evaluated in Arabian and Thoroughbred horses. Plasma glucose, leptin, IGF-1, insulin, and cytokines levels were measured on the longest day of the breeding season and on the shortest day of the nonbreeding season. Determination of lymphocyte subpopulations was performed by flow cytometry. Glucose and IL-2 levels, CD4:CD8 ratio, and NK cells showed variations that depended on the day length. Mean concentrations of plasma leptin were higher in Arabian horses than in Thoroughbred horses, whereas mean concentrations of IGF-1 and IL-2 were lower in Arabian horses. Day length-by-breed-by-gender interaction was found for insulin, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels. An interaction was also found between day length and gender for the expressions of CD2, CD3, CD8, and CD19. Correlations were detected between expression of CD8⁺ cells and levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ and between percentages of NK cells and levels of IGF-1, insulin, and glucose. Results suggested that day length and, therefore, season are important determinants or factors in modulating the immune system and could affect lymphocyte subpopulations depending on the sex of the horse. Additionally, it seems that a complex relationship in horses, as in humans and mice, exists between the immune and metabolic system, which changes according to day length, breed, and gender.  相似文献   

Effects of grafting height of MM106 rootstock on growth,lateral shoot formation and yield in apple trees     

Huseyin Karlidag  Ahmet Esitken 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):409-412

Summary

Between 2004 and 2008, the effects of different grafting heights on sylleptic shoots were tested in the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Gloster’, and cumulative fruit yields were evaluated. MM106 apple rootstocks were grafted 10, 20, 40, or 60 cm above soil level in August 2004. The results showed that an increased grafting height significantly decreased tree height in both cultivars. The tallest and shortest trees were observed at grafting heights of 10 cm (153.0 and 170.0 cm) and 60 cm (141.3 and 143.5 cm) in ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Gloster’, respectively.Among the various grafting heights tested, 60 cm in ‘Granny Smith’ and 20 cm in ‘Gloster’ gave the largest stem diameters (17.6 mm and 16.8 mm, respectively). The number of lateral shoots increased significantly with increased grafting height in both cultivars. The largest numbers of lateral shoots in ‘Granny Smith’ (10.75) and ‘Gloster’ (2.00) were obtained from a grafting height of 60 cm, while 2.55 and zero lateral shoots occurred at 10 cm grafting height in ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Gloster’, respectively. Shoot lengths decreased significantly by increasing the grafting height. Grafting heights of 10 cm and 60 cm resulted in the tallest and shortest shoots in both cultivars. Cumulative fruit yields were significantly affected by grafting height in both cultivars. The highest yield was found for a 60 cm grafting height in both ‘Granny Smith’ (11.295 kg tree^–1) and ‘Gloster’ (4.818 kg tree^–1).The results of this study suggest that grafting heights of 40 cm and 60 cm have the potential to promote branching and early bearing for apple fruit production in sustainable and organic agricultural systems.  相似文献   

Classifying soils at the ultimate stage of weathering in the tropics     

Eswaran Padmanabhan  Hariharan Eswaran  Ahmet R. Mermut 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(1):86-93

Oxisols cover ≈ 23% of the land surface in the tropics and are utilized extensively for agricultural purposes in the tropical countries. Under the variable input types of agricultural systems practiced locally, some of these soils still appear to have problems in terms of proper soil classification and subsequently hinder attempts to implement sustainable agro‐management protocols. The definition for Oxisols in Soil Survey Staff (1999) indicates that additional input is still required to refine the definition in order to resolve some of the outstanding classification problems. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the properties of some Oxisols and closely related soils in order to evaluate the classification of these soils. Soils from Brazil, several countries in Africa, and Malaysia were used in this study. Field observations provided the first indication that some of the presently classified kandi‐Alfisols and kandi‐Ultisols were closer to Oxisols in terms of their properties. Water‐retention differences and apparent CEC of the subsurface horizons also supported this idea. The types of extractable Fe oxides and external specific surface areas of the clay fractions showed that many kandic horizons have surface properties that are similar to the oxic horizons. Micromorphology indicated that the genetic transition from the argillic to the oxic involves a diminishing expression of the argillic. Properties, such as CEC, become dominant. The kandic horizon is therefore inferred as a transition to the oxic horizon. It is proposed that the Oxisols be keyed out based only on the presence of an oxic horizon and an iso–soil temperature regime. The presence of a kandic horizon will be reflected at lower levels in Oxisols. The Oxisols will now be exclusive to the intertropical belt with an iso–soil temperature regime. The geographic extend of the Oxisols would increase and that of kandi‐Alfisols and Ultisols would decrease. A few kandi‐Alfisols and Ultisols in the intertropical area will have low CEC which would fail the weatherable mineral contents. The kandic subgroups of some Alfisols and Ultisols will be transitional between the low (< 16 cmol_c [kg clay]^–1)‐ and high (> 24 cmol_c [kg clay]^–1)‐activity clay soils. The proposed changes to classification will contribute to a better differentiation of the landscape units in the field. Testing of the proposed classification on some Malaysian soils showed that the new definition for Oxisols provides a better basis for the classification of the local soils and the development of meaningful soil‐management groups for plantations.  相似文献   

Effects of Temperature,Polymer Dose,and Solid Concentration on the Rheological Characteristics and Dewaterability of Digested Sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)     

Anteneh Mesfin Yeneneh  Eugene Hong  Tushar Kanti Sen  Ahmet Kayaalp  Ha Ming Ang 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(4):119

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High yielding indigo sources in native Isatis (Brassicaceae) taxa from Turkey     

Şengül Karaman  Emel Diraz  Nazan Çömlekçioğlu  Ahmet İlçim  Hasan Durdu  Sezen Tansi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(3):531-543

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Effect of different amounts of acid application in fertigation on calcareous soil pH     

Ahmet Safak Maltas 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(4):520-525

This study was carried out during 3 different periods and in 24 various greenhouses. Average pH values of the irrigation water (7.61, 7.55, 7.29) and average soil pH values before fertigation (7.61, 7.57, 7.55) were measured. Average fertigation pH values were measured to be 6.80, 6.61 and 6.44. Depending on fertigation pH values, average soil pH values decreased at the rate of 0.52, 0.65 and 0.60 compared to those before fertigation. Although average soil pH decreased depending on acid doses used by growers in the greenhouse, this decrease was not sufficient. In conclusion, if growers fertilize with lower fertigation pH doses, availability of plant nutrients can be increased. Additionally, this may lead to less fertilizer use by increasing availability of fertilizers used in fertigation in soils that have calcareous and high pH values. It is clear that further studies should be done with this approach.  相似文献   

TEMPO-treated CNF Composites: Pulp and Matrix Effect     

Bayram Poyraz  Ayhan Tozluoğlu  Zeki Candan  Ahmet Demir  Mustafa Yavuz  Ümit Büyuksarı  H. İbrahim Ünal  Hakan Fidan  Rasim Cem Saka 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(1):195-204

This study examined the effects of matrix (PVA and Si) on the properties of TEMPO-treated nanocomposites preparing from different pulp sources (Kraft and NaBH₄ treated Kraft). Chemical characterization and crystallization were determined via FT-IR, thermal stability via TGA and morphological alterations via SEM. UTM and DTMA were used to measure the Young’s and storage moduli. The real and imaginary parts of permittivity and electric modulus were evaluated using an impedance analyzer. After interaction, prominent vibrations and alteration of crystallinity were seen. Storage and Young’s moduli decreased after Si and PVA interaction. The Si-TOCN films showed higher permittivity properties and all of the films followed a similar trend of significantly dropping ε' and ε'' values at high frequency. The PVA-TOCN films had mechanical advantages at room temperature compared to the Si-TOCN films. However, the Si-TOCN films had better thermomechanical properties at high temperatures. NaBH₄ revealed favorable effects on mechanical properties of the films.  相似文献