A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea     

Marine Remize  Frdric Planchon  Matthieu Garnier  Ai Ning Loh  Fabienne Le Grand  Antoine Bideau  Christophe Lambert  Rudolph Corvaisier  Aswani Volety  Philippe Soudant 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a ¹³C-enriched isotopic marker, ¹³CO₂, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The ¹³C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in ¹³C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in ¹³C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the ¹³C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.  相似文献   

Systematic Characterization of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Responses to Drought Stress in Dongxiang Wild Rice     

Weidong Qi  Hongping Chen  Zuozhen Yang  Biaolin Hu  Xiangdong Luo  Bing Ai  Yuan Luo  Yu Huang  Jiankun Xie  Fantao Zhang 《水稻科学》2020,27(1):21-31

  相似文献   

桃蛀螟对青霉菌侵染苹果的产卵选择与行为趋向反应     

石霞  艾莹婷  石芮竹  张民照  王海香  杜艳丽 《植物保护学报》2019,46(2):434-442

为探明桃蛀螟Conogethes punctiferalis偏好于在青霉菌Penicillium侵染的苹果上产卵的特点与机理,从苹果、玉米和柑橘上分离、纯化获得15株青霉菌,通过形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定后,以健康苹果为对照,测试不同青霉菌菌株侵染的苹果对桃蛀螟产卵选择的影响,并利用四臂嗅觉仪测试桃蛀螟对青霉菌诱导的苹果挥发物的行为趋向反应。结果表明,15株青霉菌分别属于皮落青霉P. crustosum、橘青霉P. citrinum、苏门答腊青霉P. sumatrense和指状青霉P. digitatum的不同株型;桃蛀螟对其中的12株青霉菌侵染的苹果的产卵选择率均极显著高于健康苹果,尤其对皮落青霉CO5菌株、苏门答腊青霉OR3菌株和指状青霉OR5菌株侵染的苹果的产卵选择率最高,分别达到67.73%、61.50%和68.39%;桃蛀螟对感染皮落青霉CO5菌株和指状青霉OR5菌株的苹果挥发物的选择率分别为31.37%和29.19%,均显著高于对感染橘青霉OR1菌株和苏门答腊青霉OR3菌株的苹果挥发物的选择率18.14%和21.31%,且前二者之间、后二者之间均无显著差异。表明青霉菌可通过影响寄主植物挥发物释放,从而影响桃蛀螟对寄主植物的产卵选择和行为趋向反应。  相似文献   

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea     

Qinghui Ai  Kangsen Mai  Beiping Tan  Wei Xu  Qingyuan Duan  Hongming Ma  Lu Zhang 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):255-263

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.  相似文献   

东海黄鲫的食物组成和食性的季节变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭爱  周永东  金海卫  薛利建  徐汉祥 《现代渔业信息》2010,25(8):10-13,27

本文通过对东海区（120～127°E,26～35°N）大面积调查及补充取样取得的黄鲫Coiliamystus（Linnaeus）样本进行分析,对其食物组成、食性类型、食性季节变化进行了研究。结果表明：（1）黄鲫食料生物组成较复杂,共计有15个类群,49种（包括未鉴定到种的种类）,4种不可辨认类型饵料。依据相对重要性指数指标来看,磷虾类为最重要的饵料类群,IRI=5363,IRI百分比占87．4％,长尾类、樱虾类、糠虾类为次重要类群。（2）黄鲫属浮游动物食性。（3）黄鲫的食物组成、摄食强度、食物生态位宽度存在明显的季节变化。  相似文献   

设施农业介质消毒技术与设备的现状和发展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

欧长劲  郭伟  蒋建东  艾青林 《农机化研究》2009,31(3)

针对设施农业高密度栽培及同一地块上连年种植作物,使得土传病害、病原菌得以不断的积累、生长和繁殖而造成严重减产或降低产品质量的问题,论述了栽培介质消毒技术与设备的国内外应用现状,介绍了当前常用栽培介质消毒方法及设备的原理与研究成果,指出了不同消毒方法及设备所存在的问题及适用状况;分析和讨论了设施农业栽培介质消毒设备的技术发展.作为设施农业代表性的核心装备之一,高度机械化、无污染、高新技术的运用是其主要的发展趋势.  相似文献   

Effects of Dietary Binders on Survival and Growth Performance of Postlarval Tongue Sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Günther)     

Feng  Liu  Qinghui  Ai  Kangsen  Mai  Beiping  Tan  Hongming  Ma  Wei  Xu  Wenbing  Zhang  Zhiguo  LiuFu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(4):500-509

A 30‐d feeding experiment was conducted in tanks to investigate the effects of four different binders (2% in microdiet) on the survival, growth performance, and specific activity of digestive enzymes in tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, postlarvae (24 d after hatching, with initial average wet weight of 22.4 ± 6.65 mg [mean ± SD]). Five approximately isonitrogenous and isoenergetic microbound diets were formulated with carrageenan (Car), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMS), sodium alginate (SA), and gelatin (Gel) as binders, and a diet with no special binder as a control. A commercial diet (RQ Com., manufactured by Marubeni Nisshin Feed Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan) was used as another tested diet, and Artemia nauplii was used as live prey control. The results showed that the survival of the fish fed SA diet (31.3%) was significantly higher than that of fish fed CMS (21.8%), Car (10.8%), and control (21.8%) diets (P < 0.05), but significantly lower than that of the fish fed the live prey (54.5%) diet (P < 0.05). The results of growth followed the similar pattern as that of survival, although there were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed SA, CMS, Gel, the control, and RQ diets (7.2, 6.8, 7.0, 6.9, and 7.3% per day; P > 0.05). However, fish fed Car diet had a significantly lower SGR (5.9% per day) than fish fed other diets. Percentages of secreted amylase in fish fed artificial diets were not significantly different, but fish fed artificial diets had significantly higher (P < 0.05) secreted amylase than live prey group. Percentage of secreted trypsin in fish fed SA diet (54.9%) was relatively higher compared with other binders, and not significantly different from RQ Com. and live prey treatments. However, trypsin in fish fed Car diets (29.3%) was significantly lower than in other groups. Specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the intestine and AP and leucine aminopeptidase N in brush border membranes in fish fed SA diet (264.6, 1882.8, and 187.2 mU/mg protein) were relatively higher compared with other binders. These results indicate that SA is one of suitable binders compared with carrageenan, CMS, and gelatin in microdiet of postlarval tongue sole.  相似文献   

Immune Responses and Resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Induced by Probiotic Bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 in Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei     

Jiqiu  Li Beiping  Tan  Kangsen  Mai  Qinhui  Ai  Wenbing  Zhang  Zhiguo  Liufu  Wei  Xu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(4):477-489

A 63-d feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 on immune responses and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei . The probiotic bacteria were administered orally at four different doses of 0, 10⁶, 10⁸, and 10¹⁰ colony-forming unit (CFU)/g feed for shrimp. On Day 50, the shrimp were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus by bath. On Days 7, 21, 49, and 63, six shrimp per tank were sampled to take intestine and hemolymph. With increasing dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria, shrimp mortality decreased from 63.16% (the control) to 55.9% (10⁶ CFU/g feed), 51.75% (10⁸ CFU/g feed), and 51.78% (10¹⁰ CFU/g feed), respectively. Vibrio counts in intestine of shrimp fed probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 was generally lower than that in the control shrimp ( P  < 0.05). The probiotic bacteria generally increased the immune parameters in shrimp, that is, total hemocyte counts, percentage phagocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and serum phenoloxidase activity. The results showed that probiotic bacterium Arthrobacter XE-7 can be used as probiotic in shrimp feed.  相似文献   

一个小麦AP2/ERF转录因子家族单独亚族基因的克隆及分析     

庄静  陈建民  彭日荷  高峰  朱波  付晓燕  ZHANG Jian  熊爱生  姚泉洪 《麦类作物学报》2009,29(5):752-759

AP2/ERF家族转录因子是植物中重要的一类转录因子,广泛参与植物各类生理过程.为了给该家族转录因子的深入研究提供基础,利用小麦EST数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/UniGene/UGOrg.cgi?TAXID= 4565),以拟南芥AP2/ERF家族转录因子单独亚族成员AtAP2-Soloist的氨基酸序列为探针,搜索到一个小麦UniGene数据,经拼接得到1个全长cDNA序列(TaAP2-Solosit),通过RT-PCR方法从"扬麦15"的cDNA中克隆了该转录因子基因(YM15AP2-Solosit).克隆的转录因子核苷酸序列与电子克隆的序列只有1个碱基不同,两者编码氨基酸序列一致.从cDNA序列、氨基酸序列的相似性、组成成分、理化性质、疏水性/亲水性、进化树、功能域、二级和三级结构等方面进行了分析,结果显示"扬麦15"中的YM15AP2-Solosit转录因子属于AP2/ERF家族中的单独亚族,是亲水性蛋白,在蛋白质的三级结构上与拟南芥的AtAP2-Soloist相似.EST丰度分析显示,YM15AP2-Solosit在根、茎、叶和花中均有表达.  相似文献   

小麦骨干亲本“洛夫林10号”1BL/1RS在衍生品种中的遗传分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

徐鑫  李小军  李秀全  杨欣明  刘伟华  高爱农  李立会 《麦类作物学报》2010,30(2):221-226

为了探讨小麦骨干亲本“洛夫林10号”1BL/1RS在衍生品种中的遗传特征,利用小麦1B染色体上的17对SSR引物,对以洛夫林10号为亲本衍生的1～3个世代的14个代表性小麦品种进行了分析。结果表明,除“洛夫林10号”衍生一代的“丰抗9号”和衍生二代的“京411”和“京437”很可能丢失了1RS外,其余的11个衍生品种极可能携带1RS,但各个品种携带的1RS在遗传构成上表现不同,说明在育种选择过程中1RS并非作为一个完整的单元遗传,而是与小麦的染色体发生了遗传重组。值得注意的是,“洛夫林10号”位于1BL上的Xgwm259~Xwmc728、Xwmc416~Xgwm153~Xwmc44~Xgwm259~Xwmc728和位于1RS上的Xwmc619~Xgwm413表现为区段遗传,进一步分析发现一些区段具有丰富的优异基因簇。这一结果提示,骨干亲本之所以能够在育种中发挥重要的作用,很可能是因为其具有区段遗传效应。深入探讨骨干亲本在衍生品种中的区段遗传效应对提高育种效率具有重要意义。  相似文献