Determination of Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Production in Adıyaman Province     

Gökdoğan  Osman  Baran  Mehmet Fırat  Eren  Ömer  Oğuz  Halil İbrahim 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2022,64(2):291-297

The purpose of this research is to perform the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of pistachio production. This research was performed for 2016 and 2017 production season in Ad?yaman province of Turkey in dry conditions in 2017. The data supplied from research were collected from 152 different farms by face to face surveys with simple random sampling method. The agricultural input energies and output energies used in pistachio production were computed to determine the energy use efficiency. According to the research findings, the energy inputs in pistachio production were computed respectively as 4561.11?MJ ha^?1 (35.50%) diesel fuel energy, 3206.24?MJ ha^?1 (24.96%) chemical fertilizers energy, 2420.93?MJ ha^?1 (18.84%) machinery energy, 1020.06?MJ ha^?1 (7.94%) human labour energy, 715.69?MJ ha^?1 (5.57%) animal labour energy, 656.95?MJ ha^?1 (5.11%) farmyard manure energy and 266.16?MJ ha^?1 (2.07%) chemicals energy. Total input energy was computed as 12,847.14?MJ ha^?1. Energy values of pistachio yield were computed as 15,008.65?MJ ha^?1. Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy computations were computed respectively as 1.17, 22.32?MJ kg^?1, 0.04?kg MJ^?1 and 2161.51?MJ ha^?1. The consumed total energy input in pistachio production can be classified as 49.01% direct, 50.99% indirect, 18.62% renewable and 81.38% non-renewable. Total GHG emission was computed as 1123.72?kg CO_2?eqha^?1 for pistachio production with the greatest portions for human labour (32.42%). The human labour followed up chemical fertilizers usage (23.21%), diesel fuel consumption (19.89%), machinery usage (15.30%), farmyard manure usage (5.65%), chemicals usage (3.25%) and animal labour usage (0.27%), respectively. Additionally, GHG ratio value was computed as 1.95 kgCO_2?eqkg^?1 in pistachio production.

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races and their genetic discrimination by molecular markers in West Mediterranean region of Turkey     

Ö. Baysal  M. Siragusa  H. İkten  İ. Polat  E. Gümrükcü  F. Yigit  F. Carimi  J.A. Teixeira da Silva 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2009,74(1):68-75

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) races and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL), the causal agents of root rot and crown rot diseases, respectively, cause serious economic losses in tomato greenhouses where production is intensive in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. The isolates were collected from West Mediterranean region of Turkey and were characterized by specific primers based on three races (r1, r2, r3), besides pathogenicity tests in in vivo conditions Additionally, a scheme was developed using newly tested ISSR and SRAP markers to a genotyping database and to determine the possible origin of these pathogens. The present study provided new information on these pathogens based on their races and their dominant existence in this region that has not been reported before. Genetic diversity detected in the same races of the pathogen may be associated with difficulties in controlling the pathogen and a possible resistance formation effort exerted by the pathogen to chemicals used in plant protection in tomato greenhouses. Molecular analyses indicated genetic diversity in pathogen isolates identified as r3, r2 and FORL, which may be associated with abiotic stress to which the pathogens were exposed.  相似文献   

Design of Neural Network Predictor for the Physical Properties of Almond Nuts     

İkbal Eski  Bünyamin Demir  Feyza Gürbüz  Zeynel Abidin Kuş  Kadir Uğurtan Yilmaz  Mehmet Uzun  Sezai Ercişli 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2018,60(2):153-160

In this study, an adaptive neuro fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) based predictor was designed to predict the physical properties of four almond types. Measurements of the dimensions, length, width and thickness were carried out for one hundred randomly selected samples of each type. With using these three major perpendicular dimensions, some physical parameters such as projected area, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, shape index and aspect ratio were estimated. In in a various Artificial Neural Network (ANN) structures, ANFIS structure which has given the best results was selected. The parameters analytically estimated and those predicted were given in the form of figures. The root mean-squared error (RMSE) was found to be 0.0001 which is quite low. ANFIS approach has given a superior outcome in the prediction of the Physical Properties of Almond Nuts.  相似文献   

Sugar Profile of Kernels as a Marker of Origin and Ripening Time of Peach (Prunus persicae L.)     

Marija Stanojević  Jelena Trifković  Milica Fotirić Akšić  Vera Rakonjac  Dragan Nikolić  Sandra Šegan  Dušanka Milojković-Opsenica 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2015,70(4):433-440

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Important invasive species and its pest status in Turkey: Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)     

Ak  Kibar  Uluca  Mansur  Aydin  Öznur  Gokturk  Temel 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2019,126(5):401-408

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is a pest of many annual and perennial agricultural products. The species is native to...  相似文献   

Cytoplasmic effects on quality traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

H. Ekiz  A. Safi Kiral  A. Akçin  L. Simsek 《Euphytica》1998,100(1-3):189-196

The inheritances of thousand kernel weight (TKW), protein percentage, protein quality and grain hardness were studied through an 11 x 11 complete diallel set of bread wheat genotypes consisting of four alloplasmic lines of Selkirk, two alloplasmic lines of Siete Cerros 66, and five commercial cultivars. Genetic components accounted for 93%, 90%, 78%, and 92% of total variation for TKW, protein percentage, protein quality, and grain hardness, respectively. General combining ability (GCA) effects were dominant for TKW (48% GCA, 38% SCA [specific combining ability], and 7% reciprocal effects [RE]), protein percentage (70% GCA, 10% SCA, and 10% RE), and grain hardness (59% GCA, 29% SCA, and 4% RE). However, SCA effects dominated for protein quality (30% GCA, 43% SCA, and 5% RE). Broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities were estimated at 0.95 and 0.65 for TKW, 0.94 and 0.82 for protein percentage, 0.83 and 0.47 for protein quality, and 0.95 and 0.74 for grain hardness. Reciprocal effects were highly significant for all quality traits, but less effective than additive and non-additive gene effects. Aegilops cylindrica, Ae. ventricosa, and Triticum turgidum cytoplasms showed positive effects on TKW in some crosses. Ae. cylindrica, Ae. variabilis, and Ae. uniaristata cytoplasms seemed to have potential for improving protein percentage. T. aestivum cytoplasms were superior to alien cytoplasms for protein quality. Bolal 2973, Kiraç 66 and Bezostaja 1 cytoplasms increased protein quality in some crosses. Ae. cylindrica, Ae. variabilis, Ae. ventricosa and Ae. uniaristata cytoplasms had significant effects on grain hardness. The cytoplasmic variation in B type T. aestivum cytoplasm was found to be significant for all traits.  相似文献   

Estimation of green bean yield, water deficiency and productivity using spectral indexes during the growing season     

Eyüp Selim Köksal  Tekin Kara  Mehmet Apan  Haluk Üstün  Adem İlbeyi 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2008,22(3-4):209-223

Field experiments were carried out in the 2004 and 2005 growing seasons on drip irrigated dwarf green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, humilis). Soil water content (SWC), spectral reflectance and yield were monitored. Based on these data crop evapotranspiration (ETc), soil water deficit index (SWDI), water use efficiency (WUE) and four separate spectral indexes were calculated. In order to determine use opportunities of spectral indexes for estimation of yield, SWDI and WUE, some statistical analyzes were made. Results showed that spectral indexes could be used for monitoring of yield, SWDI and WUE. Especially, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) had the highest correlations with all three of the parameters. The estimation procedure which was given in this study has a potential use either during, or at the end of the growing season. Estimated values of WUE and SWDI were 3.2 (kg m^?3) and 0.12, respectively, through SAVI and the given procedure, indicates the optimal water use and yield conditions for dwarf green beans. At this situation, probably ETc was 580 mm and yield was 25.5 t ha^?1.  相似文献   

Embryonic and larval development of black skirt tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi,Boulenger, 1895) under laboratory conditions     

İhsan Çelik  Pınar Çelik  Şükran Cirik  Mert Gürkan  Sibel Hayretdağ 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(9):1260-1275

The embryonic and larval development of black skirt tetra, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, are described under controlled laboratory conditions. In addition, major histomorphological changes and the allometric growth patterns during larval development have been described. The laboratory‐reared broodstock, that is 1 year of age, were spawned. Hatching occurred 20–21 h after spawning at 24 ± 0.5°C. The cleavage was finished in 2 h and the early blastula stage occurred at 2:04 hours after spawning. The gastrulation started at 3:20 hours and 30% epiboly was observed at 3:34 hours after spawning. Eight‐somite stage was observed at 08:33 hours. And embryonic developmental stage was completed at 21 h after spawning. The newly hatched larvae were 1442 ± 14.3 μm in mean total length (TL). The mouth opened at 3 days after hatching (DAH). The yolk sac had been totally absorbed and the larvae started to swim actively within 3–4 days. Notochord flexion began at 11 DAH. The metamorphosis was completed and the larvae transformed into juveniles at 32 DAH. In this paper, the full developmental sequence from egg to juvenile of G. ternetzi is described for the first time.  相似文献   

High yielding indigo sources in native Isatis (Brassicaceae) taxa from Turkey     

Şengül Karaman  Emel Diraz  Nazan Çömlekçioğlu  Ahmet İlçim  Hasan Durdu  Sezen Tansi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(3):531-543

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Characterization of Pseudoperonospora cubensis isolates from Europe and Asia using ISSR and SRAP molecular markers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

İlknur Polat  Ömür Baysal  Francesco Mercati  Miloslav Kitner  Yigal Cohen  Ales Lebeda  Francesco Carimi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(3):641-653

Downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a major disease of cucurbits worldwide. New genotypes of the pathogen have recently appeared in the USA, EU and Israel causing breakdown of genetic resistance, expansion of host range, and the appearance of a new A2 mating type. Seventy-eight P. cubensis isolates were collected during 1996–2011 from cucurbits fields in different regions of Turkey, Israel and the Czech Republic and genetic diversity was analysed using highly polymorphic ISSR and SRAP molecular markers. The data acquired showed remarkable genetic diversity within and among the isolates. While isolates from Turkey and Czech Republic exhibited uniform genetic background, the isolates from Israel were clearly distinguished from the others. The results may indicate on migration and/or frequent sexual reproduction of the pathogen in Israel. Moreover the selected markers can be suggested for monitoring genetic diversity within P. cubensis isolates in further studies.  相似文献