New localities and awn morphology variation in Miscanthus ×ogiformis          下载免费PDF全文

Hiroshi Hayakawa  Aya Nishiwaki  Tomoko Nishida  Akihiro Konuma 《Weed Biology and Management》2017,17(3):136-143

Miscanthus ×ogiformis is a hybrid between Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus sinensis and its several synonyms indicate the insufficient understanding of the morphological variation of its awn on the spikelet, which is a key characteristic for identifying Miscanthus species. In the present study, all the Miscanthus specimens in 19 herbaria were examined in order to find new localities for Miscanthus ×ogiformis. Thirty‐nine Miscanthus ×ogiformis specimens appeared to be naturally occurring hybrids, as their callus hair length, awn length, and callus‐to‐spikelet ratio differed from those found in the parental species. Therefore, new Miscanthus ×ogiformis individuals with morphological variations are likely to be discovered and these strains might be useful as new genetic resources for this biomass crop.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature and melatonin on day–night expression patterns of arginine vasotocin and isotocin mRNA in the diencephalon of a temperate wrasse <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halichoeres tenuispinis</Emphasis>     

Selma Bouchekioua  Sung-Pyo Hur  Yuki Takeuchi  Young-Don Lee  Akihiro Takemura 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(3):817-828

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Retort beef aroma that gives preferable properties to canned beef products and its aroma components          下载免费PDF全文

Koshiro Migita  Takao Iiduka  Kie Tsukamoto  Sayuri Sugiura  Genichiro Tanaka  Gousuke Sakamaki  Yasufumi Yamamoto  Yusuke Takeshige  Toshio Miyazawa  Ayako Kojima  Tomoko Nakatake  Akihiro Okitani  Masanori Matsuishi 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2050-2056

The objective of this study is to identify the properties and responsible compounds for the aromatic roast odor (retort beef aroma) that commonly occurs in canned beef products and could contribute to their palatability. The optimal temperature for generating retort beef aroma was 121°C. An untrained panel evaluated both uncured corned beef and canned yamato‐ni beef and found that they had an aroma that was significantly (P < 0.01) similar to the odor of 121°C‐heated beef than 100°C‐heated beef. The panel also noted that the aroma of 121°C‐heated beef tended to be (P < 0.1) preferable than that of 100°C‐heated beef. These results suggest that retort beef aroma is one constituent of palatability in canned beef. GC‐MS (gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry) analysis of the volatile fraction obtained from 100°C‐ and 121°C‐heated beef showed that the amounts of pyrazine, 2‐methylpyrazine and diacetyl were higher in the 121°C‐heated beef than in the 100°C‐heated beef. GC‐sniffing revealed that the odor quality of pyrazines was similar to that of retort beef aroma. Therefore, pyrazines were suggested to be a candidate responsible for the retort beef aroma. Analysis of commercial uncured corned beef and cured corned beef confirmed the presence of pyrazine, 2‐methylpyrazine and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine.  相似文献   

Influence of riders’ skill on plasma cortisol levels of horses walking on forest and field trekking courses          下载免费PDF全文

Ayaka Ono  Akihiro Matsuura  Yumi Yamazaki  Wakako Sakai  Kentaro Watanabe  Toshihiko Nakanowatari  Hiroshi Kobayashi  Mami Irimajiri  Koichi Hodate 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1629-1635

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of rider's skill on the plasma cortisol levels of trekking horses on two courses, walking on field and forest courses (about 4.5 to 5.1 km each). Three riders of different skills did horse trekking (HT) in a tandem line under a fixed order: advanced‐leading, beginner‐second and intermediate‐last. A total of six horses were used and they experienced all positions in both courses; a total of 12 experiments were done. Blood samples were obtained before HT, immediately after and 2 h after HT. As a control, additional blood samples were obtained from the same horses on non‐riding days. Irrespective of the course and the rider's skill, the cortisol level before HT was higher than that of control (P < 0.05). In both courses, the cortisol levels immediately after HT ridden by the advanced rider were higher than that of control (P < 0.05). However, in every case, the cortisol level 2 h after HT was closely similar to the level of the control. Thus, we concluded the stress of trekking horse was not sufficient to disturb the circadian rhythm of the cortisol level, irrespective of the course and the rider's skill.  相似文献   

Supplementing transglucosidase with a high-fiber diet for prevention of postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic dogs     

Toshinori Sako  Akihiro Mori  Peter Lee  Hiroshi Goto  Hiroko Fukuta  Hitomi Oda  Kaori Saeki  Yohei Miki  Yuki Makino  Katsumi Ishioka  Hisashi Mizutani  Yuzo Kojima  Satoshi Koikeda  Toshiro Arai 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(2):161-172

Indigestible oligosaccharides have been shown to normalize blood glucose and insulin concentration thereby promoting good health and preventing diseases, such as diabetes. Transglucosidase (TG, α-glucosidase, enzyme code (EC) 3.2.1.20) is an enzyme capable of converting starch to oligosaccharides, such as iso-malto-oligosaccharides from maltose, via the action of amylase. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether oral administration of TG with maltose or dextrin is capable of reducing post-prandial serum glucose concentration in experimentally streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic dogs fed on a high-fiber diet. Five healthy and five STZ-induced diabetic dogs were employed in this study. TG supplementation with dextrin or maltose had no detrimental effect in healthy dogs. In fact, TG and dextrin exhibited a flatlined serum glucose pattern, while reducing mean post-prandial serum insulin and glucose concentration as compared to control diet alone. When TG supplementation was tested in STZ-induced diabetic dogs under the context of a high fiber diet, a 13.8% and 23.9% reduction in mean glucose concentration for TG with maltose and dextrin, respectively was observed. Moreover, TG with dextrin resulted in a 13% lower mean post-prandial glucose concentration than TG with maltose, suggesting that dextrin may be a more efficient substrate than maltose when used at the same concentration (1 g/kg). Our results indicate that TG supplementation with diet can lead to lower postprandial glucose levels versus diet alone. However, the efficacy of TG supplementation may depend on the type of diet it is supplemented with. As such, TG administration may be useful for preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus and in its management in dogs.  相似文献   

Effect of water current on the body size and occurrence of deformities in reared Japanese eel leptocephali and glass eels     

Mari Kuroki  Akihiro Okamura  Aya Takeuchi  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2016,82(6):941-951

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Assessment of Photochemical Reflectance Index as a Tool for Evaluation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Cotton and Peanut Cultivars Under Water Stress Condition     

Shahenshah  Yasuda Yoshizumi  LI Mao-song  Isoda Akihiro 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(5):662-670

The relationships between photochemical reflectance index （PRI） and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were examined to assess suitability of PRI as a remote-sensing tool for the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using cotton and peanut crops under water stress condition. Five cotton and six peanut cultivars were grown using Andosole soil in pots maintained at two water levels; the control and water stress treatment （WS） of 100 and 50% of the daily transpiration, respectively. Higher non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） was exhibited by peanut than that of cotton by the water stress. On the other hand, the decreases of the actual quantum yield of photosystem II （△F/F＇m） and PRI by the water stress in cotton were larger than those in peanut. There were positively significant correlation coefficients between PRI and △F/F＇m in cotton at noon and in the afternoon including the control and WS. The correlations of PRI with NPQ were negatively significant at noon and in the afternoon for cotton, and in the afternoon for peanut. No clear relationship was found among these parameters in the morning probably due to the diurnal increase in global solar radiation. It was concluded that there would be a possibility to detect the effects of water stress on △F/F＇m and NPQ by PRI with some exceptions, although PRI could not note varietals differences in △F/F＇m and NPQ for each treatment.  相似文献   

Heart rate variability after horse trekking in leading and following horses     

Akihiro MATSUURA  Masaya TANAKA  Mami IRIMAJIRI  Atusi YAMAZAKI  Toshihiko NAKANOWATARI  Koichi HODATE 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(5):618-621

Horse trekking (HT) is having a stroll on a horse along a walking trail in a forest, field, and/or sandy beach. Generally in HT, horses exercise in tandem line outside the riding facilities. Because the leading horse will be confronted with stressors in the forefront, we hypothesized that the leading horse shows higher stress responses than the following one. In order to verify the hypothesis, we compared short‐term stress responses between each position in six horses. Exercise consisted of 15 min of ground riding and 45 min of HT with walking and trotting. Heart rate variability was analyzed for 5 min at 30, 60, and 90 min after the exercising period. There was no significant difference in heart rate during exercise between leading and following positions. The high frequency / low frequency power band of heart rate variability, an index of sympathetic nervous activity, after exercise, tended to be higher in the leading position than following one (P < 0.1). The result in this study can suggest that the leading horse was in a higher stressed state than the following horse after HT.  相似文献   

Diversity and distribution of indigenous soybean-nodulating rhizobia in the Okinawa islands, Japan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Koutaro SUZUKI  Hiroko OGURO  Takeo YAMAKAWA  Akihiro YAMAMOTO  Shoichiro AKAO  Yuichi SAEKI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(2):237-246

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Estimating the three-dimensional structure of canopy foliage based on the light measurements in a Betula ermanii stand     

Takuya Kubo  Tsuyoshi Kobayashi  Kyoko Kato  Seiichi Nishimura  Shigeru Uemura  Kiyomi Ono  Akihiro Sumida  Toshihiko Hara 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2008,148(8-9):1293-1304

In order to more accurately evaluate the functional activity of forest stands by canopy production and evapotranspiration, we improved the methods for field measurements and statistical modeling to estimate foliage configuration (spatial distribution of leaves) while simultaneously reconstructing the three-dimensional photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD) distribution (PPFD pattern) in a forest canopy. By using a sensor (photodiode) array, a PPFD pattern was observed in summer 2002 under the canopy in an even-aged, pure stand of Japanese mountain birch Betula ermanii Cham. (17-years old) in Hokkaido, northern Japan. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling technique is developed such that a set of foliage configurations generated by the model referred to as the Gibbs foliage canopy (GFC) approximates the field-measured PPFD pattern. The posterior distribution of the foliage configurations is generated by the parallel tempering MCMC of eight independent series of foliage configurations. The GFC model generated the posterior distribution of the LAI estimates (mean 4.56) that appeared to be appropriate in comparison to other LAI estimates of the B. ermanii stand based on the indirect and nondestructive methods by LAI-2000 (LAI = 3.43) and litterfall traps (LAI = 5.56) because they could be under- and overestimated, respectively. Our evaluations of the canopy production and evapotranspiration rates suggest that the relationship between LAI and canopy functions was not very simple because it depended on the nonlinear functional forms of the leaf responses of photosynthesis and transpiration to PPFD. The current study demonstrates an application of MCMC techniques that can generate a set of possible structures of unobserved/unobservable objects based on the high-resolution dataset obtained by some indirect (or remote-sensing) methods.  相似文献