Quantitative PCR detection of feline morbillivirus in cat urine samples     

Tetsuya FURUYA  Akiko WACHI  Yukiko SASSA  Tsutomu OMATSU  Makoto NAGAI  Ryuji FUKUSHIMA  Makoto SHIBUTANI  Tomohiro YAMAGUCHI  Yosuke UEMATSU  Kinji SHIROTA  Tetsuya MIZUTANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1701-1703

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Genetic analysis of fat‐to‐protein ratio,milk yield and somatic cell score of Holstein cows in Japan in the first three lactations by using a random regression model          下载免费PDF全文

Akiko Nishiura  Osamu Sasaki  Mitsuo Aihara  Hisato Takeda  Masahiro Satoh 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(12):961-969

We estimated the genetic parameters of fat‐to‐protein ratio (FPR) and the genetic correlations between FPR and milk yield or somatic cell score in the first three lactations in dairy cows. Data included 3 079 517 test‐day records of 201 138 Holstein cows in Japan from 2006 to 2011. Genetic parameters were estimated with a multiple‐trait random regression model in which the records within and between parities were treated as separate traits. The phenotypic values of FPR increased soon after parturition and peaked at 10 to 20 days in milk, then decreased slowly in mid‐ and late lactation. Heritability estimates for FPR yielded moderate values. Genetic correlations of FPR among parities were low in early lactation. Genetic correlations between FPR and milk yield were positive and low in early lactation, but only in the first lactation. Genetic correlations between FPR and somatic cell score were positive in early lactation and decreased to become negative in mid‐ to late lactation. By using these results for genetic evaluation it should be possible to improve energy balance in dairy cows.  相似文献   

Determination of theaflavins including methylated theaflavins in black tea leaves by solid-phase extraction and HPLC analysis     

Nishimura M  Ishiyama K  Watanabe A  Kawano S  Miyase T  Sano M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7252-7257

A quantitative method for four theaflavins and two methylated theaflavin derivatives in black tea leaves was developed by solid-phase extraction and a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with photodiode array detection. The theaflavins in black tea leaves were extracted three times with 40 vol 50% aqueous ethanol (mg dry tea powder/mL) containing 2% ascorbic acid. The ethanol extracts were diluted 4-fold with distilled water. All diluted extracts were directly applied to the solid-phase C18 cartridge column without concentration. The fraction of theaflavins was obtained by 40% ethanol extraction after rinsing with water followed with 15% ethanol extraction. An aliquot of theaflavins after concentration was injected onto an ODS C18 reversed-phase column, and four theaflavins and two methylated theaflavins were sufficiently separated by a linear gradient system using distilled water and acetonitrile with 0.5% acetic acid. This analytical method is sensitive for the determination of a small amount of methylated theaflavins, since various interfering substances produced during the fermentation process were eliminated in advance by solid-phase extraction. Using this analytical method, we also demonstrated that methylated theaflavins were easily produced during the manufacture of black tea.  相似文献   

Comparative Investigation of Body Composition in Male Dogs Using CT and Body Fat Analysis Software     

Toyokazu KOBAYASHI  Hiroshi KOIE  Akiko KUSUMI  Masato KITAGAWA  Kiichi KANAYAMA  Kazuya OTSUJI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(3):439-446

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The diving behaviour of little penguins in Western Australia predisposes them to risk of injury by watercraft     

Belinda Cannell  Yan Ropert‐Coudert  Ben Radford  Akiko Kato 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(3):461-474

1. The most western little penguin colony globally, and the most northern in Western Australia (WA) is found on Penguin Island, WA. The penguins use coastal bays that are also used extensively by recreational watercraft. These penguins have been found to either dive predominantly to shallow depths of 1–5 m or to depths >8 m. It is thus hypothesized that (a) both the shallow and deeper diving penguins can potentially be disturbed or injured by these watercraft but that the risk will differ between the two diving strategies, and (b) that risk of injury for both is greater during the summer and autumn, when people are more likely to use watercraft.
2. This was tested by attaching data loggers to little penguins during chick rearing and by investigating necropsy records. Diving activity was studied for the very shallow and relatively deeper diving penguins separately, and we considered the penguins were vulnerable to interactions with watercraft when they were within the top 2 m of the water column or at the surface.
3. Shallow‐diving penguins executed >1,200 dives per day, 64% of dives occurred within the top 2 m, and they were vulnerable for approximately two‐thirds of their time at sea. The deeper diving penguins executed fewer dives. Almost half of dives were to ≥10 m, yet they were vulnerable for almost one‐third of their time at sea. Their post‐dive recovery was also longer. Thus, the risk of interaction from watercraft differs depending on the diving behaviour.
4. This study highlights the potential impact to little penguins throughout Australia and New Zealand.

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In vitro development of bovine nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with mammary gland epithelial cells at different passages     

Masao KISHI  Yasuharu ITAGAKI  Tomoko SUDO  Ryo TAKAKURA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(5):363-368

In the present study, the effect of passage of nuclear donor cells on the in vitro development of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos was investigated using colostrum‐derived mammary gland epithelial (MGE) cells at different passages (3–30 passages) to find reliable passages for the efficiency of cloning. Development of NT embryos to the blastocyst stage was affected by the number of passages of MGE cells (P < 0.05). Nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with MGE cells at 3–7 passages showed a significantly higher blastocyst development (31.3–48.5%) than those with the cells at 10–30 passages (2.5–12.5%, P < 0.05). No difference in the proportion of the MGE cells with normal diploid was observed among passage of 3, 15 and 30 (P > 0.05). The use of MGE cells at early passages for nuclear donor cells may be advantageous for the production of NT embryos.  相似文献   

Identification of QTLs and candidate genes for days to heading in an upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) variety     

Yohei Koide  Akiko Kawasaki-Tanaka  Theophile Odjo  Mitsuhiro Obara  Seiji Yanagihara  Yoshimichi Fukuta 《Euphytica》2015,203(1):153-164

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Rapid, Micro-Methods to Estimate Plant Silicon Content by Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid Extraction and Spectrometric Molybdenum Method     

Kimio Saito  Akiko Yamamoto  Tongmin Sa  Masahiko Saigusa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(1):29-36

By treating 0.5 g DW of a plant sample directly with 10 ml of a dilute hydrofluoric acid solution (HF solution, 1.5 M HF—0.6 M HCl), all the silica in plant (as much as 150 mg SiO₂) was dissolved within 1 h. After dilution of the extract with 40 mL of distilled water, the silica in the extract was measured by the spectrometric molybdenum yellow method. The molybdenum yellow method, in which silica in 0.1 mL of the diluted extract can be determined in 8 min, is well suited to rapid, micro-estimations of the silica content in plants. In the micro-modification, the size of the plant sample was reduced to 100 mg DW. The analytical procedure was simple, and the analytical time was less than 2 h. The method can save much labor and time, compared with the gravimetric analysis. The dissolution with HF solution and the molybdenum yellow method were also applied to the measurement of the content of silica separated by acid digestion of rice plants. Excellent agreement in the silica measurement of rice plants was confirmed among the direct extraction method, the gravimetric method and the digestion-separation-dissolution method. In the molybdenum yellow method, the addition of boric acid enabled to mask the interference of hydrofluoric acid, and the least amount of citric acid required for the elimination of phosphorus interference was proposed. In conclusion in this report, recommended methods for the rapid estimation of the silica content in rice plants were presented.  相似文献   

Control of genic DNA methylation by a jmjC domain-containing protein in Arabidopsis thaliana     

Saze H  Shiraishi A  Miura A  Kakutani T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5862):462-465

Differential cytosine methylation of repeats and genes is important for coordination of genome stability and proper gene expression. Through genetic screen of mutants showing ectopic cytosine methylation in a genic region, we identified a jmjC-domain gene, IBM1 (increase in bonsai methylation 1), in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to the ectopic cytosine methylation, the ibm1 mutations induced a variety of developmental phenotypes, which depend on methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9. Paradoxically, the developmental phenotypes of the ibm1 were enhanced by the mutation in the chromatin-remodeling gene DDM1 (decrease in DNA methylation 1), which is necessary for keeping methylation and silencing of repeated heterochromatin loci. Our results demonstrate the importance of chromatin remodeling and histone modifications in the differential epigenetic control of repeats and genes.  相似文献   

Autophagy is essential for preimplantation development of mouse embryos   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tsukamoto S  Kuma A  Murakami M  Kishi C  Yamamoto A  Mizushima N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5885):117-120

After fertilization, maternal proteins in oocytes are degraded and new proteins encoded by the zygotic genome are synthesized. We found that autophagy, a process for the degradation of cytoplasmic constituents in the lysosome, plays a critical role during this period. Autophagy was triggered by fertilization and up-regulated in early mouse embryos. Autophagy-defective oocytes derived from oocyte-specific Atg5 (autophagy-related 5) knockout mice failed to develop beyond the four- and eight-cell stages if they were fertilized by Atg5-null sperm, but could develop if they were fertilized by wild-type sperm. Protein synthesis rates were reduced in the autophagy-null embryos. Thus, autophagic degradation within early embryos is essential for preimplantation development in mammals.  相似文献