Effects of cyclophosphamide on the kaolin consumption (pica behavior) in five strains of adult male rats     

Tohei A  Kojima S  Ikeda M  Hokao R  Shinoda M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(7):901-906

It is known that pica, the consumption of non-nutritive substances such as kaolin, can be induced by administration of toxins or emetic agents in rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of cyclophosphamide on pica behavior and on the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids (5HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the following five strains of adult male rats: Sprague Dawley (SD), Wistar, Fischer 344 (F344), Wistar-Imamichi (WI) and Long Evans (LE). Cyclophosphamide (25 mg or 50 mg/kg) was injected (i.p.) into the rats and kaolin and food intake were measured at 24 hr after injection. The animals were anesthetized with urethane (1 g/kg) at 3 hr after injection of cyclophosphamide, and CSF was collected from the cisterna magna. WI and LE rats clearly showed pica behavior as compared with the other strains. In LE rats, the concentration of 5HIAA in CSF also increased in a dose-dependent manner of cyclophosphamide. The pretreatment with ondansetron (5-HT(3) antagonist) restored both changes (kaolin consumption and 5HIAA levels) induced by cyclophosphamide. These results suggest that the LE rat is sensitive to cyclophosphamide, that pica induced by cyclophosphamide mimics many aspects of emesis including the serotonergic response in the central nervous system and that use of the pica model would be a practical method for evaluating the effects of antiemetic drugs in addition to the mechanism of emesis.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Listeria monocytogenes isolated in Japan     

Okada Y  Okutani A  Suzuki H  Asakura H  Monden S  Nakama A  Maruyama T  Igimi S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1681-1684

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 201 Listeria monocytogenes isolates from foods, environments, animals and human patients in Japan was determined. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, the first choice of drug for listeriosis treatment, chloramphenicol, dihydrostreptomycin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, lincomycin, nosiheptide, salinomycin, vancomycin, and virginiamycin. A human strain was resistant to oxytetracycline. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for 50% of the strains and the MIC for 90% of the strains were comparable in all the isolates. This is the first investigation to compare antibiotic resistances between isolates from foods and isolates from human patients in Japan. The result showed that most of the isolates were susceptible to antibiotics used in this study.  相似文献   

A clinical oncology case report     

Koshino A  Mauldin GE  Dickinson RM  Mauldin GN 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(8):899-902

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Effects of whey protein hydrolysate on growth promotion and immunomodulation in mouse pups in artificial rearing system     

Shiro Takeda  Akiko Harauma  Mariko Okamoto  Hirofumi Enomoto  Toshiji Kudo  Takehito Suzuki  Wataru Mizunoya  Toru Moriguchi 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the growth and immunity of mouse pups in artificial rearing (AR) system. Mouse pups were reared in the AR system with artificial milk including 5% WPH (AR with WPH) or not (AR without WPH), and the remaining pups were reared by their mother (dam) for 14 days after birth. The body weight change and body weight gain rates in the AR with WPH group were significantly higher than those observed in the AR without WPH group and similar to those in the dam group. Moreover the feed and protein efficiencies in the AR with WPH group were significantly higher than those of the AR without WPH group. In addition, the supplement of WPH in the AR system was shown to significantly elevate the number of CD3⁺CD8⁺, B220⁺CD19⁺, IA/IE⁺CD11c⁺, and CD11b⁺ in the thymocyte and/or splenocyte, and the thymus weight. Furthermore, MALDI‐TOF/MS analysis identified the amino acid sequences corresponding to some peptides, and indicated that VRTPEVDDE had the highest relative intensity among the peptides from tested WPH. Therefore, WPH would be required to not only promote growth, but also exert immunomodulatory activities in mouse pups in AR system.  相似文献   

Exposure to blue LED light before the onset of darkness under a long‐day photoperiod alters melatonin secretion,feeding behaviour and growth in female dairy calves     

Mabrouk Elsabagh  Mamiko Mon  Yui Takao  Akiko Shinoda  Takashi Watanabe  Shiro Kushibiki  Taketo Obitsu  Toshihisa Sugino 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

The effect of blue LED on melatonin secretion, feeding behaviour and growth was addressed in Holstein female dairy calves. In Exp.1, six animals (8 weeks old, 97 ± 4.1 kg BW) were exposed to yellow or blue LED for 2 hr before darkness over 7 days under a long‐day photoperiod (LDPP). In Exp. 2, six animals (8 weeks old, 88.5 ± 4.8 kg BW) were exposed to blue light from a white LED all daytime or a yellow LED for 2 hr before the darkness of LDPP (blue light cut) over 3 weeks. In Exp. 1, blue light mildly suppressed melatonin secretion during the 2‐hr treatment but did not affect the timing of the nightly melatonin rise. However, the rise in nighty melatonin levels was higher with yellow than blue LED. In Exp. 2, white LED completely suppressed melatonin secretion during the 2‐hr treatment, but plasma melatonin concentrations were similar during the darkness. Grass hay intake, rumination time, frequency of water intake and body weight gain were higher in animals exposed to the yellow rather than the white LED. Overall results indicate that exposure to blue light from white LEDs under an LDPP suppresses melatonin secretion and might negatively impact the development of female dairy calves.  相似文献   

Outbreak of human infections with uncommon Salmonella serotypes linked to pet bearded dragons, 2012–2014     

Craig A. Kiebler  Lyndsay Bottichio  Latoya Simmons  Colin Basler  Rachel Klos  Nikos Gurfield  Elizabeth Roberts  Akiko Kimura  Linda S. Lewis  Kiyomi Bird  Felicia Stiles  Linda K. Schlater  Kristina Lantz  Thomas Edling  Casey Barton Behravesh 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(4):425-434

Reptiles are one of the fastest growing sectors in the United States pet industry. Reptile‐associated salmonellosis (RAS) continues to be an important public health problem, especially among children. We investigated an outbreak of human Salmonella infections resulting from serotypes Cotham and Kisarawe, predominately occurring among children. An outbreak of illnesses was identified in persons with exposure to pet bearded dragon lizards. Human and animal health officials, in cooperation with the pet industry, conducted epidemiologic, traceback and laboratory investigations. Onsite sampling was conducted at two US breeding facilities, one foreign breeding facility, and a large pet retail chain. A total of 166 patients in 36 states were identified with illness onset dates from 02/2012–06/2014. The median patient age was 3 years (range, <1–79 years), 57% were aged ≤5 years, and 37% were aged ≤1 year. Forty‐four patients (37%) were hospitalized, predominantly children. Sampling at breeding facilities and a national pet store chain resulted in isolation of outbreak serotypes at each facility; isolation proportions ranged from 2%–24% of samples collected at each facility.Epidemiologic, microbiologic and traceback evidence linked an outbreak of uncommon Salmonella serotypes to contact with pet bearded dragons. The high proportion of infants involved in this outbreak highlights the need to educate owners about the risk of RAS in children and the potential for household contamination by pet reptiles or their habitats. Strategies should be developed to improve breeding practices, biosecurity and monitoring protocols to reduce Salmonella in the pet reptile trade.  相似文献   

Chemical and morphological changes of porous hydrated calcium silicate in paddy soil     

Akiko Yamamoto  Masahiko Saigusa  Masami Nanzyo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):655-660

The chemical and morphological changes of porous hydrated calcium silicate material (PS) during the dissolution process in paddy soil were investigated by using both a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The results showed that original PS consisted of agglomerate of various sizes with almost the same elemental composition. The SEM images at a high magnification showed that the original PS consisted of agglomerates of small platelike crystals (≦ μm) of tobermorite [Ca₅(Si₆O₁₈-H₂)·4H₂O]. On the other hand, elemental composition showed that the PS agglomerates in paddy soil altered to Si- and Ca-rich agglomerates after incubation for 53 d. The morphological differences between the two types of agglomerates were observed by SEM at a high magnification. The Si-rich agglomerates were similar to the original PS in morphology, whereas the Ca-rich agglomerate appeared as a large crystal. The X-ray diffraction patterns obtained in a previous study suggested the presence of quartz and calcite in PS after incubation for 53 d (Saigusa et al. 2000: Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 46, 89–95). Si- and Ca-rich agglomerates were identified as silica skeletons of PS and calcite, respectively. It was suggested that the silica skeletons of PS remained as a silicon source for rice plants even after the disappearance of tobermorite revealed by the X-ray diffractogram.  相似文献   

Phospholipid fatty acid composition of microbiota in the percolating water from a rice paddy microcosm     

Makoto Kimura  Hirokazu Kishi  Akiko Okabe  Nagamitsu Maie 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):533-545

The microbiota in the percolating water from the plow layer soil in paddy fields was studied based on the composition of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in a pot experiment. The mean concentrations of PLFAs in the percolating water were 17±5 and 11±4 µg L^-1 in the planted and non-planted pots, respectively. The dominant PLFAs in the percolating water were 16: 0, 16: 1ω7c, 18: 1ω7, 18: 1ω9, il5: 0, and ail5: 0 PLFAs in both the planted and non-planted pots. The dominance percentage of 18: 3ω6c and 17: 1ω8 PLFAs increased at the late stage of rice growth in the planted pots. The percolating water from the planted pots contained in a higher percentage of straight mono-unsaturated PLFAs and a lower percentage of branched-chain PLFAs than that from the non-planted pots. Considerable differences in the PLFA composition in the percolating water were observed between the planted and non-planted treatments and with the duration of the growth period. Principal component analysis indicated that the microbiota in the percolating water was derived from the microbiota in the floodwater and in the plow layer soil. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity of the PLFA composition in the percolating water to the PLFA composition in the plow layer soil was higher than that in the floodwater. The stress factor that was estimated from the trans/cis ratio of 16: 1ω7 PLFA was 0.08±0.04 and 0.14±0.05 in the percolating water from the planted and non-planted pots, respectively, which indicated that the degree of stress on the microbiota in the percolating water from the planted pots was low in a similar way to the degree of stress on the microbiota in the floodwater, while the degree in the percolating water from the non-planted pots was similar to that in the plow layer soil, respectively.  相似文献   

Reactivity of green tea catechins with formaldehyde   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Akiko Takagaki  Katsuhiko Fukai  Fumio Nanjo  Yukihiko Hara 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(4):334-338

In the reaction of green tea catechins with formaldehyde at room temperature (25°C), tea catechins were found to have reactivity. In particular, (-)-epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, which have a galloyl moiety at the C-3 position, showed higher reactivity than (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, or (-)-epigallocatechin. Reactivity of various kinds of simple phenolic compounds and flavonoids with formaldehyde was also examined. Among these compounds, only phloroglucinol showed reactivity to the same degree as that of nongalloylated catechins. These results suggest that factors for reactivity with formaldehyde at room temperature may be the presence of a phloroglucinolic A-ring structure and the absence of the electron-attractive group such as a carbonyl group in Cring. The comparison of the reactivity of 3-O-acylated catechins with that of 3-O-galloylated catechins indicated that only a galloyl group effectively enhanced reactivity with formaldehyde.  相似文献   

Effects of genes increasing the number of spikelets per panicle,TAW1 and APO1, on yield and yield-related traits in rice     

Akira Fukushima  Hisatoshi Ohta  Narifumi Yokogami  Naoto Tsuda  Akiko Yoshida  Junko Kyozuka 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(4):485-489

The genes TAWAWA1 (TAW1) and ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION1 (APO1) increase the number of spikelets per panicle (SN). In the present study, we examined the effects of these genes on morphological traits, yield, and yield-related traits including yield components using the near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the genetic background of a japonica rice variety, Koshihikari – NIL-taw1, NIL-apo1-D3, and NIL-apo1-D4 – in a field experiment. The SN and total number of spikelets per area of the three NILs were larger than those of Koshihikari. However, the yield of the three NILs did not exceed that of Koshihikari due to their low filling ability. Interestingly, our field experiments indicated that TAW1 did not affect the diameter of internodes and the PN, whereas APO1 decreased the PN and increased the diameter of internodes. These results suggest that TAW1 and APO1 differently affect yield-related traits.  相似文献