Individual variations in behavior and free cortisol responses to acute stress in tiger pufferfish Takifugu rubripes     

Sho Hosoya  Tokyoji Kaneko  Yuzuru Suzuki  Akinori Hino 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(4):755-763

Abstract:   The aim of the present study was for individual variation in behavior to be characterized and related to differences in physiological stress responses in juvenile tiger pufferfish (fugu) Takifugu rubripes . A set of siblings ( n  = 330) from wild parents was subjected to behavior tests, and some were classified into active and inactive groups ( n  = 42 each group). The active animals consisted of those individuals that kept active swimming during 6 min after transfer from one tank to another, and the inactive animals were those that stopped swimming within 6 min. Time-course acute stress responses, which were elicited by anesthesia and subsequent removal of a pectoral fin, were compared between the active and inactive fish. The stress indicators used were free and total plasma cortisol, and plasma glucose. Although no significant difference was observed at each sampling point between groups, the inactive fish required shorter recovery time from acute stress in all three indicators than the active fish. The percentage of free to total plasma cortisol in the pre-stress condition was significantly lower in the inactive group than in the active group. Our findings indicate that fugu has behavioral variation that is associated with stress responsiveness. The inactive fish are expected to be more tolerant of stress and suitable for aquaculture.  相似文献   

Effects of amino acids infused into the vein on ghrelin‐induced GH,insulin and glucagon secretion in lactating cows     

Rika FUKUMORI  Akinori YOKOTANI  Toshihisa SUGINO  Fumiaki ITOH  Shiro KUSHIBIKI  Hiroyuki SHINGU  Naoko MORIYA  Yoshihisa HASEGAWA  Masayasu KOJIMA  Kenji KANGAWA  Taketo OBITSU  Kohzo TANIGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(2):267-273

To investigate the effects of amino acids on ghrelin‐induced growth hormone (GH), insulin and glucagon secretion in lactating dairy cattle, six Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two infusion treatments in a cross‐over design. Mixture solution of amino acids (AMI) or saline (CON) was continuously infused into the left side jugular vein via catheter for 4 h. At 2 h after the start of infusion, synthetic bovine ghrelin was single injected into the right side jugular vein through the catheter. Ghrelin injection immediately increased plasma GH, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids (P < 0.05) with no difference between both treatments. Additionally, plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were increased by ghrelin injection in both treatments. The peak value of plasma insulin concentration was greater in AMI compared with CON (P < 0.05). Plasma glucagon concentration showed no difference in the peak value reached at 5 min between both treatments, and then the plasma levels in AMI compared with CON showed sustained higher values (P < 0.05). After plasma glucose concentration reached the peak, the decline was greater in AMI compared with CON (P < 0.05). These results showed that the increased plasma amino acids may enhance ghrelin action which in turn enhances insulin and glucagon secretions in lactating cows.  相似文献   

Plant cell walls as suppliers of potassium and sodium ions for induced resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)     

Masashi Amano  Kazuhiro Toyoda  Akinori Kiba  Yoshishige Inagaki  Yuki Ichinose  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(1):12-17

When an elicitor is applied to plants to induce resistance, one of the first detectable events is the efflux of ions from the treated tissue. Here we are the first to demonstrate that an elicitor from Mycosphaerella pinodes evokes leakage of Na⁺ and K⁺ ions from isolated cell walls of pea and cowpea in vitro, as observed for epicotyl tissues. Pharmacological experiments showed that this elicitor-stimulated leakage was sensitive to vanadate and N-(3-methylphenyl)biphenyl-4-sulfonamide (NGXT-191), that inhibit a cell wall-associated ATPase (apyrase). Vanadate or NGXT-191 suppressed elicitor-induced superoxide generation and expression of defense genes in vivo. On the basis of these results, we assume that the leakage of these ions, probably associated with an ATP-dependent process(es) in the cell wall, is likely associated with induced defenses of pea and cowpea.  相似文献   

Effect of bovine lactoferrin feeding on lipopolysaccharide-induced metabolic and hormonal disturbances in preruminant calves     

Shiro KUSHIBIKI  Hiroyuki SHINGU  Rika KAWASAKI  Tokushi KOMATSU  Fumiaki ITOH  Atsushi WATANABE  Eiko TOUNO  Akinori OSHIBE  Kazuo KATOH  Yoshiaki OBARA  Koichi HODATE 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):375-381

One of the biological functions of bovine lactoferrin (LF) is modulation of the host defense system, including cytokine production and immune response. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of LF in calves on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced metabolic and hormonal changes in inflammatory response. Thirty Holstein calves at 4 day of age were given one of three oral doses of LF (0, 1, 3 g/day) for 10 days (?10 day to ?1 day). They were injected i.v. with LPS (50 ng/kg bodyweight) the day (day 0) after the end of LF treatment. Plasma samples were obtained on ?10, 0 day (immediately before LPS injection), and at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after LPS injection. Plasma tumor necrosis factor‐α concentrations at 2 h after LPS treatment were lower (P < 0.05) in LF 1 g/day‐fed claves compared with LF 0 g/day (control) calves. On day 0 there were no significant group differences in plasma LF concentration. Plasma concentration of haptoglobin in control calves was elevated by LPS injection. In LF groups, plasma haptoglobin concentrations slightly increased after LPS injection, but those levels at 6–24 h were lower (P < 0.05) than in the control group. The LF treatment inhibited (P < 0.05) the reduction of plasma ferrin concentration in calves following LPS challenge. The concentration of plasma aspartate aminotransferase in calves treated with LF was lower (P < 0.05) than in control calves at 24–96 h after LPS treatment. The concentration of plasma insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in all groups was decreased by LPS treatment, while in the LF groups the IGF‐1 level was higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and insulin concentrations in LF groups were lower (P < 0.05) than in control calves at 2 h after LPS injection. These data suggest that LF has a substantial anti‐inflammatory effect on the modulation of the host defense system in preruminant calves.  相似文献   

Lime-nitrogen application reduces N2O emission from a vegetable field with imperfectly-drained sandy clay-loam soil     

Akinori Yamamoto  Hiroko Akiyama  Takuji Naokawa  Kazuyuki Yagi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):442-449

Abstract

We studied the effect of lime-nitrogen (calcium cyanamide, CaCN₂) application on the emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O) from a vegetable field with imperfectly-drained sandy clay-loam soil. Lime-nitrogen acts as both a pesticide and a fertilizer. During the decomposition of lime-nitrogen in the soil, dicyandiamide (DCD), a nitrification inhibitor, is formed, and as a result lime-nitrogen application may mitigate N₂O emission from the soil. The study design consisted of three different nitrogen-application treatments in field plots with a randomized block design. The nitrogen application treatments were: CF (chemical fertilizer), LN (all nitrogen fertilizer applied as lime-nitrogen), and CFD (chemical fertilizer containing DCD). Soil nitrification activity was lower in the LN and CFD plots than in the CF plots, and nitrification was inhibited for a longer period in the LN plots than in the CFD plots. In the LN plots, N₂O emission was lower than those of other treatments from 20 to 40 days after fertilization, a period when large peaks of N₂O emission were observed after rainfall in the CF and CFD plots. Cumulative N₂O emission over 63 days in the CF plots (mean ± standard deviation: 30.2 ± 14.4 mg N₂O m^?2) and CFD plots (24.3 ± 10.8 mg N₂O m^?2) was significantly higher than that in the LN plots (10.7 ± 1.2 mg N₂O m^?2; P < 0.05). Our results suggested that lime-nitrogen application decreased N₂O emission by inhibiting both nitrification and denitrification.  相似文献   

Influences of aluminum ions on the determination of zpc (zero point of charge) of variable charge soils     

Katsutoshi Sakurai  Akinori Nakayama  Tsutomu Watanabe  Kazutake Kyuma 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):623-633

Influence of Al dissolution on soil ZPC (zero point of charge) measured by a potentio-metric titration (PT) method and a modified salt titration (STPT) method was examined using two strongly weathered soils from Thailand and two volcanic ash soils from Japan. The amount of dissolved Al ions increased with the increase in the concentration of a supporting electrolyte for the strongly weathered soils, while the increase was negligible for the volcanic ash soils.

ZPC value of the strongly weathered soils determined by the PT method was lower than that by the STPT method, due to the greater Al dissolution associated with the higher electrolyte concentration used in the PT method. Al ions adsorbed onto the soil surface would shift the ZPC to a higher pH value not as a result of the formation of hydroxy Al polymers, but due to the blocking of permanent negative charge sites, which could otherwise lower the ZPC. The σp value, as a measure of permanent charge or the amount of 11 or O11 adsorbed by a soil required to attain the ZPC, could be used to describe this phenomenon.

In the STPT method, the salt concentration was not high enough to causc a significant Al dissolution at the ZPC, which is considered to be a more suitable condition than in the PT method because the ZPC value can be evaluated at a low salt concentration as in the ease of field conditions for crop production. Thus, the STPT method is rccommendcd for the determination of the ZPC.  相似文献   

First report of downy mildew of carnation caused by Peronospora dianthicola in Japan     

Miyuki Kayamori  Jun Sasaki  Rie Matsui  Akinori Shinmura  Harukuni Horita  Mamoru Satou 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(5):364-367

Yellowish lesions with downy, gray growth developed on the leaves of carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) in a greenhouse in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, in March 2011. We identified the fungus on diseased plants as Peronospora dianthicola on the basis of the morphologies of the conidia, conidiophores, and oospores. To confirm pathogenicity of the fungus, we inoculated healthy plants with a conidial suspension of the fungus, and the plants developed the same signs and symptoms as the naturally infected plants. We then reidentified P. dianthicola from the diseased lesions. This is the first report of downy mildew of carnation in Japan.  相似文献   

Trace toxic elements in agricultural soil and sediment in the biggest estuarine area,northern Vietnam     

Van Thinh  Nguyen  Ozaki  Akinori  Osanai  Yasuhito  Kurosawa  Kiyoshi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(2):63-68

Paddy and Water Environment - Soil quality, especially its toxic elements content, plays an important part in clarifying the sustainability of an estuarine ecosystem. In this study, six toxic...  相似文献   

Corynespora blight of sweet pepper (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsicum annuum</Emphasis>) caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corynespora cassiicola</Emphasis> (Berk. &; Curt.) Wei     

Yoshifumi Shimomoto  Rie Adachi  Yasuaki Morita  Kazutaka Yano  Akinori Kiba  Yasufumi Hikichi  Shigeharu Takeuchi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(4):335-337

In 2004, Corynesopra cassiicola was isolated from dark brown spots on leaves and fruits and from black blights on stems of sweet pepper plants in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. The isolated fungus was then used to inoculate sweet pepper plants and subsequently reisolated from the plants with dark brown spots and black blights, showing that C. cassiicola is a new pathogen causing Corynespora blight on sweet pepper plants. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases as accession numbers AB366649 (TS-C11), AB366650 (TS-C21), AB366651 (TI-C32) and AB366652 (TI-C51)  相似文献   

Distribution of avirulence genes <Emphasis Type="Italic">avrA</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">popP1</Emphasis> in 22 Japanese phylotype I strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ralstonia solanacearum</Emphasis>     

Yingqin Liu  Ayami Kanda  Akinori Kiba  Yasufumi Hikichi  Kouhei Ohnishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(5):362-368

Sequence analysis of hrp loci and effector genes in the flanking regions showed significantly high similarities between two phylotype I strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, GMI1000 and Japanese strain OE1-1. Further sequence analysis of the distribution of avrA and popP1, known as determinants of a hypersensitive response (HR) induction on Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), in 22 Japanese phylotype I strains revealed that all strains had one of the two distinct avrA alleles and that 10 strains had an identical popP1 but the other 12 did not. After infiltration of tobacco leaves, more than half of these 22 strains elicited HR. In combination with the ability to induce HR, avrA and popP1 are thus not likely to be the sole determinants of HR in Japanese phylotype I strains.  相似文献