Stoichiometric modeling of the activated sludge process     

Joseph H. Sherrard 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1984,23(3):235-247

A mathematical model of the activated sludge process is solved with consideration given to the wastewater composition. Inclusion of wastewater composition will lead to predictions where N or P may be limiting nutrients. The procedure presented is useful when designing or evaluating the operation of an activated sludge process.  相似文献   

Perchlorate accumulation in forage and edible vegetation   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Jackson WA  Joseph P  Laxman P  Tan K  Smith PN  Yu L  Anderson TA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(2):369-373

The accumulation of perchlorate in vegetation is becoming a concern, with increasing numbers of sites reporting the presence of perchlorate in groundwater and surface water. This study investigated potential perchlorate uptake and distribution by a variety of forage and edible crops in both the laboratory and the field. Perchlorate concentrations in soybean leaves grown in the greenhouse were significantly higher than perchlorate concentrations in soybean seeds and pods. Perchlorate concentrations in alfalfa grown in sand were significantly lower than those in alfalfa grown in soil. The concentration of perchlorate in tomato was lower in the fruit than the leaves. Commercially grown wheat and alfalfa samples all contained perchlorate, 0.72-8.6 mg/kg of fresh weight (FW) in the wheat stems, 0.71-4.4 mg/kg of FW in the wheat heads, and 2.9 mg/kg of FW in alfalfa. All field garden samples tested (including cucumber, cantaloupe, and tomato) that were irrigated with perchlorate-tainted water contained perchlorate at various concentrations ranging from 0.040 to 1.65 mg/kg of FW. Bioconcentration factors (BCF), ratios of plant fresh weight concentrations to estimated or measured groundwater concentrations [(microg/kg of FW)/microg/L], were all in the same order of magnitude ranging from 215 +/- 126 for wheat stems to 233 +/- 264 for wheat heads and to 380 +/- 89 for alfalfa. BCF for garden fruit samples were much lower (0.5-20). Results from this study highlight the potential for perchlorate exposure by routes other than drinking water.  相似文献   

Preface     

Joseph Alcamo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,76(1-2):ix-x

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Observations of water,air and soil pollution in Israel and vicinity from the ERTS-1 imagery     

Joseph Otterman  Avihu Ginzburg  George Ohring  Yuri Mekler 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1974,3(1):53-61

Israel is a participant in the Earth Resources Technology Satellite Program (ERTS). The imagery of Israel and vicinity taken by the Multi Spectral Scanner of the ERTS-1 Satellite has been the subject of analysis in a multidisciplinary research program. The objectives of the program are mapping of agricultural crops, mainly wheat and orange groves, mapping of natural vegetation, and studies for Israeli hydrology, arid regions research, geology, and oceanography. Cases of water, air, and soil pollution have been observed in the imagery on several dates, and are reported in this paper. These are: oil slicks in the Gulf of Suez and possibly near Haifa; smoke plumes, extending over some 100 km in a nearly straight line along the Gulf of Suez, and soil pollution caused by copper mine effluents in the Arava Valley in Israel. The images of these cases of pollution are presented and ‘space signatures’, i.e., the radiometric spectral characteristics of these cases of pollution as seen from space are also given.  相似文献   

Comparison of Swiss red wheat grain and fractions for their antioxidant properties     

Zhou K  Laux JJ  Yu L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(5):1118-1123

Swiss red wheat grain, bran, aleurone, and micronized aleurone were examined and compared for their free radical scavenging properties against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*), radical cation ABTS*+ and peroxide radical anion O(2)*-, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), chelating capacity, total phenolic content (TPC), and phenolic acid composition. The results showed that micronized aleurone, aleurone, bran, and grain may significantly differ in their antioxidant properties, TPC, and phenolic acid composition. Micronized aleurone had the greatest antioxidant activities, TPC, and concentrations of all identified phenolic acids, suggesting the potential of postharvesting treatment on antioxidant activities and availability of TPC and phenolic acids. Ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic acid in Swiss red wheat and accounted for approximately 57-77% of total phenolic acids on a weight basis. Ferulic acid concentration was well correlated with scavenging activities against radical cation and superoxide anion, TPC, and other phenolic acid concentrations, suggesting the potential use of ferulic acid as a marker of wheat antioxidants. In addition, 50% acetone and ethanol were compared for their effects on wheat ORAC values. The ORAC value of 50% acetone extracts was 3-20-fold greater than that of the ethanol extracts, indicating that 50% acetone may be a better solvent system for monitoring antioxidant properties of wheat. These data suggest the possibility to improve the antioxidant release from wheat-based food ingredients through postharvesting treatment or processing.  相似文献   

Acknowledgements     

Joseph Alcamo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,76(1-2):xi-xi

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Snowfall-driven growth in East Antarctic ice sheet mitigates recent sea-level rise   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Davis CH  Li Y  McConnell JR  Frey MM  Hanna E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5730):1898-1901

Satellite radar altimetry measurements indicate that the East Antarctic ice-sheet interior north of 81.6 degrees S increased in mass by 45 +/- 7 billion metric tons per year from 1992 to 2003. Comparisons with contemporaneous meteorological model snowfall estimates suggest that the gain in mass was associated with increased precipitation. A gain of this magnitude is enough to slow sea-level rise by 0.12 +/- 0.02 millimeters per year.  相似文献   

Mutations in a human ROBO gene disrupt hindbrain axon pathway crossing and morphogenesis     

Jen JC  Chan WM  Bosley TM  Wan J  Carr JR  Rüb U  Shattuck D  Salamon G  Kudo LC  Ou J  Lin DD  Salih MA  Kansu T  Al Dhalaan H  Al Zayed Z  MacDonald DB  Stigsby B  Plaitakis A  Dretakis EK  Gottlob I  Pieh C  Traboulsi EI  Wang Q  Wang L  Andrews C  Yamada K  Demer JL  Karim S  Alger JR  Geschwind DH  Deller T  Sicotte NL  Nelson SF  Baloh RW  Engle EC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5676):1509-1513

The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.  相似文献   

Retraction     

Tomkins JL  Penrose MA  Greeff J  Lebas NR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6047):1220

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Chemistry. A versatile molecular trap built from hydrogen-bonded tiles     

Lauher JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6041):415-416

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