Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection in Neotropical primates in the western Amazon,Brazil     

Tatiene R. M. Silva  Flvia N. L. Barros  Michele Bahia  Francisco D. Sampaio Junior  Sidney S. F. Santos  Larissa S. Inoue  Thamirys S. Gonalves  Laerzio Chiesorin Neto  Diogo C. L. O. Faria  Camila Tochetto  Gisele M. R. Viana  Frederico O. B. Monteiro  Gustavo Ges-Cavalcante  Alessandra Scofield 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(7):798-804

The Brazilian Amazon is endemic for malaria and natural infections by Plasmodium spp. have been detected in Neotropical primates. Despite the diversity of primate species in the region, studies on infections by these agents are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of infection by Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in free‐born primates that were kept in captivity, in the western Amazon, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 98 Neotropical primates. Detection of P. vivax and P. falciparum DNA was performed using a semi‐nested PCR, and the amplified products were sequenced. Plasmodium spp. DNA was detected in 6.12% (6/98) of the primates. P. vivax, and P. falciparum DNA was detected in 2.04% (2/98) and 4.08% (4/98) of these mammals, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results obtained from the semi‐nested PCR. The presence of infected non‐human primates (NHP) can be auxiliary in the maintenance of P. falciparum and P. vivax and may have implications for the malaria surveillance and control in the Brazilian Amazon. It is necessary to structure an efficient surveillance system for the aetiological agents of malaria that infect NHP and humans to reduce the risk of Plasmodium spp. introduction into new areas, to protect all susceptible species.  相似文献   

Symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in dogs with International Renal Interest Society stage 4 chronic kidney disease undergoing intermittent hemodialysis     

Andr Nanny Vieira Le Sueur  Silvano Salgueiro Geraldes  Alessandra Melchert  Regina Kiomi Takahira  Michael Coyne  Rachel Murphy  Donald Szlosek  Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimares‐Okamoto 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(6):2635-2643

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Comparison of two inoculation methods for Microsporum canis culture using the toothbrush sampling technique     

Diana Di Mattia  Alessandra Fondati  Moira Monaco  Mario Pasquetti  Andrea Peano 《Veterinary dermatology》2019,30(1):60-e17

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Pharmacokinetics of levosulpiride after single‐dose administration in goats (Capra hircus) by different routes of administration     

Beata &#x;ebkowska‐Wieruszewska  Giovanni Barsotti  Francesco Camillo  Alessandra Rota  Duccio Panzani  Amnart Poapolathep  Andrzej Lisowski  Mario Giorgi 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(4):440-446

Levosulpiride (LSP) is the l‐enantiomer of sulpiride, and LSP recently replacing sulpiride in several EU countries. Several studies about LSP in humans are present in the literature, but neither pharmacodynamic nor pharmacokinetic data of LSP is present for veterinary species. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of LSP after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral (PO) administration in goats. Animals (n = 6) were treated with 50 mg LSP by IV, IM, and PO routes according to a randomized cross‐over design (3 × 3 Latin‐square). Blood samples were collected prior and up to 24 hr after LSP administration and quantified using a validated HPLC method with fluorescence detection. IV and IM administration gave similar concentration versus time curve profiles. The IM mean bioavailability was 66.97%. After PO administration, the drug plasma concentrations were detectable only in the time range 1.5–4 hr, and the bioavailability (4.73%) was low. When the AUC was related to the administered dose in mg/kg, there was a good correlation in the IV and IM groups, but very low correlation for the PO route. In conclusion, the IM and IV administrations result in very similar plasma concentrations. Oral dosing of LSP in goats is probably not viable as its oral bioavailability was very low.  相似文献   

Complications associated with closed castration using the Henderson equine castration instrument in 300 standing equids     

Julien Racine  Beatriz Vidondo  Alessandra Ramseyer  Christoph Koch 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(1):21-28

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Analysis of world strains of Anaplasma marginale using major surface protein 1a repeat sequences     

de la Fuente J  Ruybal P  Mtshali MS  Naranjo V  Shuqing L  Mangold AJ  Rodríguez SD  Jiménez R  Vicente J  Moretta R  Torina A  Almazán C  Mbati PM  de Echaide ST  Farber M  Rosario-Cruz R  Gortazar C  Kocan KM 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,119(2-4):382-390

Anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. Major surface proteins (MSPs) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of A. marginale strains and phylogenetic studies. MSP1a is involved in the adhesion and transmission of A. marginale by ticks and varies among geographic strains in the number and sequence of amino-terminal tandem repeats. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of A. marginale strains collected from countries in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia, inclusive of all continents. In this study, we characterized 131 strains of A. marginale using 79 MSP1a repeat sequences. These results corroborated the genetic heterogeneity of A. marginale strains in endemic regions worldwide. The phylogenetic analyses of MSP1a repeat sequences did not result in clusters according to the geographic origin of A. marginale strains but provided phylogeographic information. Seventy-eight percent of the MSP1a repeat sequences were present in strains from a single geographic region. Strong (> or =80%) support was found for clusters containing sequences from Italian, Spanish, Chinese, Argentinean and South American strains. The phylogenetic analyses of MSP1a repeat sequences suggested tick-pathogen co-evolution and provided evidence of multiple introductions of A. marginale strains from various geographic locations worldwide. These results contribute to the understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of A. marginale and tick-pathogen interactions.  相似文献   

Malassezia spp. overgrowth in allergic cats     

Ordeix L  Galeotti F  Scarampella F  Dedola C  Bardagí M  Romano E  Fondati A 《Veterinary dermatology》2007,18(5):316-323

A series of 18 allergic cats with multifocal Malassezia spp. overgrowth is reported: atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 16, an adverse food reaction in another and one was euthanized 2 months after diagnosis of Malassezia overgrowth. All the cats were otherwise healthy and those tested (16 out of 18) for feline leukaemia or feline immunodeficiency virus infections were all negative. At dermatological examination, multifocal alopecia, erythema, crusting and greasy adherent brownish scales were variably distributed on all cats. Cytological examination revealed Malassezia spp. overgrowth with/without bacterial infection in facial skin (n = 11), ventral neck (n = 6), abdomen (n = 6), ear canal (n = 4), chin (n = 2), ear pinnae (n = 2), interdigital (n = 1) and claw folds skin (n = 1). Moreover, in two cats Malassezia pachydermatis was isolated in fungal cultures from lesional skin. Azoles therapy alone was prescribed in seven, azoles and antibacterial therapy in eight and azoles with both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy in three of the cats. After 3-4 weeks of treatment, substantial reduction of pruritus and skin lesions was observed in all 11 cats treated with a combined therapy and in five of seven treated solely with azoles. Malassezia spp. overgrowth may represent a secondary cutaneous problem in allergic cats particularly in those presented for dermatological examination displaying greasy adherent brownish scales. The favourable response to treatment with antifungal treatments alone suggests that, as in dogs, Malassezia spp. may be partly responsible for both pruritus and cutaneous lesions in allergic cats.  相似文献   

Identification,partial characterization,and use of grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) vitellogenins for the development of ELISA and biosensor immunoassays     

Paolo Cocci  Francesco Alessandro Palermo  Stefania Pucciarelli  Antonino Miano  Massimiliano Cuccioloni  Mauro Angeletti  Alessandra Roncarati  Gilberto Mosconi 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(4):389-399

Vitellogenin (Vtg) has proven to be a sensitive and simple biomarker in determining sex, sexual maturity, and xenoestrogenic effects in fish. Thus, our investigation has been focused on identification, partial characterization, and quantification of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) Vtg through the use of a variety of biochemical and immunological analytical techniques. Mullet is considered both a promising aquaculture candidate and an important species for improving sediment quality in polyculture systems. In the first part of this work, grey mullet Vtg was purified from plasma of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced male fish by a one-step chromatographic protocol, and partially characterized. Specific polyclonal antibodies were then raised against the mullet Vtg, and both an indirect ELISA and an optical immunosensor were set up and validated to quantify plasma Vtg. The indirect ELISA and the optical immunosensor assay developed showed linear measuring in the range 56.8–1047.1 ng mL−1 and 70–739 ng mL−1 Vtg concentrations in standard solutions, respectively. The results obtained suggest that the indirect ELISA allows Vtg detection over a wide dynamic range, thus resulting more suitable for rapid and sensitive sample screening. Therefore, we suggest that the direct immunosensor is a promising tool which needs more investigation to improve the sensitivity.  相似文献   

Nitrogen Release from Slow-Release Fertilizers in Soils with Different Microbial Activities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pierfrancesco NARDI  Ulderico NERI  Giovanni DI MATTEO  Alessandra TRINCHERA  Rosario NAPOLI  Roberta FARINA  Guntur V. SUBBARAO  Anna BENEDETTI 《土壤圈》2018,28(2):332-340

Soil microbial activity is recognized as an important factor affecting nitrogen (N) release from slow-release fertilizers. However,studies on the effect of size and activity of soil microflora on fertilizer degradation have provided contrasting results. To date, no clear relationships exist between soil microbial activity and the release of N from slow-release fertilizers. Hence, the aim of this study was to better understand such relationships by determining the release of N from three slow-release fertilizers in soils with different microbial activities. Soils were amended with urea-formaldehyde (UF), isobutylidene diurea (IBDU), and crotonylidene diurea (CDU). Urea, a soluble fertilizer, was used as the control. Fertilized soil samples were placed in a leaching system, and the release of N was determined by measuring ammonium-N and nitrate-N concentrations in leachates during 90 d of incubation. Non-linear regression was used to fit N leaching rate to a first-order model. In all the treated soils, N was released in the order: urea (89%–100%) IBDU (59%–94%) UF (46%–73%) CDU (44%–56%). At the end of incubation, N released from CDU did not differ (P 0.05) among soils. On the contrary, UF and IBDU released significantly lower (P 0.05) amounts of N in the soil with higher microbial activity and lower pH.The rate constant (K_0) for UF was lower (P 0.05) in the soil with lower pH. Taken together, our results indicated that soil microbial size and microbial activity had a marginal effect on fertilizer mineralization.  相似文献   

Gene expression study of two widely used pig intestinal epithelial cell lines: IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I     

Valentina Mariani  Simona Palermo  Silvia Fiorentini  Alessandra Lanubile  Elisabetta Giuffra 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,131(3-4):278-284

The intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) play an important role in the immune system of swine, protecting against infectious and non-infectious environmental insults. The IEC participate in the innate immune response of the intestine through different mechanisms such as barrier function, mucus secretion, antibacterial peptide synthesis and participation in the cytokine/chemokine networks.Most of the current knowledge of intestinal cell functions has come from studies conducted on cell cultures generated from human cancers or from classical animal models. However, because the molecular and cellular elements of the immune system have been selected over evolutionary time in response to the species-specific environment, models of immune function based on mouse and human need to be applied cautiously in pig. Few models of swine small intestine epithelium exist and these are poorly characterised. In the present study we characterised the basal expression of epithelial and immune-related genes of two pig small intestine cell lines, IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I, under different culture conditions. These data represent essential background information for future studies on pig-intestinal pathogen interactions.  相似文献