Relationships among cultivated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Opuntia ficus</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">indica</Emphasis> genotypes and related species assessed by cytoplasmic markers     

Giuseppina Las Casas  Gaetano Distefano  Marco Caruso  Elisabetta Nicolosi  Alessandra Gentile  Stefano La Malfa 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(3):759-773

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First evidence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Italian Aedes albopictus populations 26 years after invasion          下载免费PDF全文

Verena Pichler  Romeo Bellini  Rodolfo Veronesi  Daniele Arnoldi  Annapaola Rizzoli  Riccardo Paolo Lia  Domenico Otranto  Fabrizio Montarsi  Sara Carlin  Marco Ballardini  Elisa Antognini  Marco Salvemini  Emanuele Brianti  Gabriella Gaglio  Mattia Manica  Pietro Cobre  Paola Serini  Enkelejda Velo  John Vontas  Ilias Kioulos  Joao Pinto  Alessandra della Torre  Beniamino Caputo 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1319-1327

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Effect of summer soil moisture and temperature on the vertical distribution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tuber magnatum</Emphasis> mycelium in soil     

Mirco?Iotti  Pamela?Leonardi  Giuliano?VitaliEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Alessandra?Zambonelli 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(6):707-716

Tuber magnatum, the Italian white truffle, is the world’s most valuable truffle. Despite the economic importance, its biology and ecology are largely unexplored. This gap of knowledge makes difficult to find reliable methods for its cultivation and to protect and increase the production of the natural productive areas. In this study, the vertical distribution of T. magnatum mycelium in productive soil patches was evaluated using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach. Data were then used to develop for the first time a simulation model to predict the mycelial dynamics of T. magnatum at varying soil temperatures and moisture. T. magnatum mycelium was abundant up to 30-cm depth, while the model determined the optimal temperature (20 °C) and water potential (~?0 kPa) for growth of T. magnatum mycelium in soil. Such information could be useful to establish proper irrigation scheduling and to enhance the management of T. magnatum sites, for increasing mycelial growth and fruiting body production.  相似文献   

Local diversity of native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts differentially affects growth and nutrition of three crop plant species     

Alessandra?TurriniEmail author  Alberico?Bedini  Mario?Bonilla?Loor  Gaia?Santini  Cristiana?Sbrana  Manuela?Giovannetti  Luciano?AvioEmail author 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(2):203-217

Intact whole native AMF communities occurring across a 100-m-long field were used for the evaluation of plant performance, as determined by the actual fungal species colonizing host roots. The soil from distinct plots within a “hot spot” field was collected to set up 54 experimental units where three different plant species were grown, in order to test whether the whole native AMF communities were able to differentially affect plant growth, to assess the genetic identity of the AMF actually colonizing the tested plants and to analyse their community composition in the different hosts. Molecular analyses revealed that plant growth and nutrition of the crop plants were differentially affected by the diverse native arbuscular mycorrhizal communities colonizing the roots of the three plants, whose performance varied depending on the identity of plant hosts and fungal symbionts, more than on a rich and diversified AMF community. Such results, improving our understanding of AMF distribution at the local scale, represent a starting point allowing the selection, isolation and characterization of the most efficient AMF assemblages to be used as inoculants in sustainable food production systems.  相似文献   

Influence of Pygoscelis Penguin Colonies on Cu and Pb Concentrations in Soils on the Ardley Peninsula,Maritime Antarctica     

Alessandra Perfetti-Bolaño  Lucila Moreno  Roberto Urrutia  Alberto Araneda  Ricardo Barra 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(12):390

Penguins can bioaccumulate metals, a portion of which can be deposited in the environment through organic remains such as excrement, carcasses, and eggshells. In order to determine Cu and Pb concentrations and their relationship to soil, organic matter and grain size were determined in 27 samples collected in zones without penguins, penguin transit zones, and Adelie (Pygoscelis adeliae), Chinstrap (P. antarctica), and Gentoo penguin (P. papua) colonies on the Ardley Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica. An atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis was carried out, organic matter was determined by loss on ignition, and grain size was measured with a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The principal component analysis shows a relationship between the variables Cu, Pb, and grain size and areas with penguin presence. Cu concentrations in soils varied among areas (χ², 15.707; p =?0.0004), with higher concentrations in transit zones and penguin colonies (142.63 and 140.79 mg/kg, respectively) than in zones without penguins (83.33 mg/kg). Pb concentrations in soils also varied among areas (χ², 6.5029; p =?0.0387), and were higher in transit zones (5.92 mg/kg) than in the penguin colonies (4.45 mg/kg). Grain size differed significantly among areas (χ², 13.506; p =?0.0012), with higher values in transit zones (avg. 37.38 μm) than in penguin colonies (avg. 26.93 μm) and zones without penguins (avg. 20.72 μm). Organic matter did not differ significantly among the studied zones (χ², 2.0882; p =?0.3520). There is a positive correlation between Cu-Pb (Rho, 0.5532; p =?0.0028), Cu-grain size (Rho, 0.4756; p =?0.0130) and Pb-grain size (Rho, 0.4879; p =?0.0098). The presence of penguins increases Cu concentrations in Antarctic soils due to its bioaccumulation and elimination through excrement; however, the presence of penguins has a minor influence on Pb concentration in soil, probably because this metal is stored efficiently in bones, feathers, and eggshells.  相似文献   

Characterization of Durum Wheat Semolina by Means of a Rapid Shear‐Based Method     

Alessandra Marti  Cristina Cecchini  Maria Grazia D'Egidio  Jens Dreisoerner  Maria Ambrogina Pagani 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(6):542-547

A rapid shear‐based test (the GlutoPeak test, recently proposed by Brabender) was used to investigate gluten aggregation properties of durum wheat semolina and to relate them to pasta cooking behavior. Thirty semolina samples were characterized by means of the conventional approaches used for pasta‐quality prediction (protein content, gluten index, and alveographic indices). All samples were also analyzed by the GlutoPeak test, obtaining three parameters: maximum peak torque, maximum peak time, and area under the peak. The GlutoPeak indices were significantly correlated with protein content, gluten index, and W alveographic parameter. The cooking quality of pasta obtained from the 30 semolina samples was evaluated by sensory analysis in terms of stickiness, bulkiness, firmness, and overall quality. The GlutoPeak indices were significantly correlated with the sensorial parameters. In comparison with the alveographic test, which is presently the most used rheological approach for semolina characterization, GlutoPeak analysis presents some advantages represented by a smaller amount of sample (9 g), a shorter time (less than 5 min), and the possibility that untrained analysts can carry it out. In addition, following testing with larger sample numbers, the GlutoPeak test has the potential to be used instead of the gluten index as a rapid and reliable approach for medium‐quality semolina characterization.  相似文献