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Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - This paper is a review of the available literature on the main features of 11 of the most widely adopted oxygenated additives to base gasoline and diesel,...  相似文献   
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Osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone) is a chronic focal disorder of bone remodelling characterized by an initial increase in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, with subsequent compensatory increase in new bone formation, resulting in a disorganized mosaic of woven and lamellar bone. In the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) of this report, multifocal gross swellings involving the proximal third of the vertebral spine were observed and associated with anorexia, a relative inability to move or to fully extend the body, and to strike at prey. Serum biochemistry revealed elevated alkaline-phosphatase activity. Radiographic changes (irregular bone proliferation along the vertebral margins), computed tomography scan results (abnormal mineral density), and histopathological features (generalized thickening of the bony trabeculae at the expense of the intertrabecular spaces and irregular patches of lamellar bone with a characteristic "mosaic" pattern) indicated osteitis deformans.  相似文献   
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Administration of recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN) has been proposed for the prophylaxis of canine and feline parvovirosis. In the present study, the influence of the administration of rFeIFN on blood markers of inflammation (alpha-globulins, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein) and immune system activation (gamma-globulins, IgG, IgM, specific anti-feline parvovirus IgG or IgM) was evaluated in a cattery developing an outbreak of feline panleukopenia due to feline parvovirus (FPV) infection few days after initial administration of rFeIFN. Kittens (n=23) were injected with rFeIFN (1MU/kg subcutaneously, once a day for 3 days) and their blood parameters were compared with those of 17 untreated cats. Cats that survived the outbreak were vaccinated and re-sampled 1 month after the last rFeIFN administration. Time of emergence of clinical signs and survival rate were not significantly different between the two groups. Controls and treated cats surviving the infection had high levels of gamma-globulins, total- and anti-FPV specific IgGs, likely due to passive transfer of maternal immunity. Compared to controls, treated kittens had lower levels of alpha(1)-globulins and higher mean values of gamma-globulins and immunoglobulins. Data from samples collected after vaccination revealed a higher level of gamma-globulins, total- and anti-FPV specific IgGs in treated kittens, compared with controls, suggesting that rFeIFN stimulates antibody production. Based on this results, rFeIFN should be administered to the queen, to increase passive maternal immunity, or to kittens before introduction in a potentially contaminated environment.  相似文献   
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Objective

To compare postanesthetic xylazine and dexmedetomidine on recovery characteristics from sevoflurane anesthesia in horses.

Study design

Randomized, crossover study.

Animals

Six geldings, mean ± standard deviation (SD) (range), 17 ± 4 (11–24) years and 527 ± 80 (420–660) kg.

Methods

Horses were anesthetized with sevoflurane for 60 minutes under standardized conditions for a regional limb perfusion study. In recovery, horses were administered either xylazine (200 μg kg?1) or dexmedetomidine (0.875 μg kg?1) intravenously. Recoveries were unassisted and were video-recorded for later evaluation of recovery events and quality by two individuals unaware of treatment allocation. Recovery quality was assessed using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) (0 = poor recovery, 100 = excellent recovery), the Edinburgh Scoring System (ESS) (0–100; 100 = excellent recovery) and the mean attempt interval (MAI) (longer = better). Data are mean ± SD.

Results

All recovery quality assessments (xylazine and dexmedetomidine, respectively: VAS: 71 ± 21 mm, 84 ± 13 mm; ESS: 65 ± 22, 67 ± 30; MAI: 52 ± 24 minutes, 60 ± 32 minutes) and events (first limb movement: 37 ± 8 minutes, 42 ± 10 minutes; first attempt to lift head: 44 ± 12 minutes, 48 ± 9 minutes; first attempt to sternal posture: 57 ± 28 minutes, 50 ± 7 minutes; number of head bangs: 2.0 ± 3.0, 0.5 ± 0.5; time to first attempt to stand: 72 ± 6 minutes, 78 ± 13 minutes; time to standing: 79 ± 14 minutes, 84 ± 13 minutes) did not differ significantly between treatments (p > 0.05).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Recovery characteristics did not differ significantly between postanesthetic xylazine and dexmedetomidine following 1 hour of sevoflurane anesthesia in horses in this study. Further evaluations in more horses and in younger horses are required to confirm these results.  相似文献   
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