Effects of travoprost 0.004% compared with latanoprost 0.005% on the intraocular pressure of normal dogs     

Carvalho AB  Laus JL  Costa VP  Barros PS  Silveira PR 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2006,9(2):121-125

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of travoprost 0.004% and latanoprost 0.005% on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal dogs. METHODS: Twenty mixed breed dogs were randomized to two groups: latanoprost was used in group A and travoprost in group B. The drugs were instilled in the right eye of the dogs, whereas the left eye received placebo. Both drugs were instilled once a day at 8 am during 5 days. IOP measurements were made at 8 am, 10 am, 2 pm and 8 pm during the 5 days of treatment, the 3 days that preceded treatment, and 3 days following treatment. Presence of blepharospasm, miosis, anterior chamber flare, and conjunctival hyperemia were evaluated during the study. RESULTS: Mean IOP was significantly reduced in the eyes treated with both latanoprost and travoprost, when compared with the eyes treated with placebo (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean IOPs of eyes treated with latanoprost and travoprost at all time intervals during baseline, treatment, and recovery (P>0.05). On the fifth day of treatment and on the first day of the recovery period, a severe ocular hypotension was noted with both drugs, resulting in imprecise readings with the tonometer. Miosis and conjunctival hyperemia were observed in the treated eyes of both groups, whereas flare was noticed in one latanoprost-treated eye. CONCLUSION: Travoprost 0.004% significantly reduces the IOP in normal dogs. The hypotensive effect obtained with travoprost 0.004% is comparable to that obtained with latanoprost 0.005%.  相似文献   

Greater,but not necessarily better: The influence of biochar on soil hydraulic properties     

Sheikh M.F. Rabbi  Budiman Minasny  Shuaib T. Salami  Alex. B. McBratney  Iain M. Young 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(5):2033-2048

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Third tarsal bone osteonecrosis associated with chronic recurrent cellulitis in an adult horse     

E. J. O. O'Brien  M. Biggi  T. Eley  A. R. Fiske-Jackson  K. C. Smith  M. Chesworth  A. N. Civello  R. K. W. Smith 《Equine Veterinary Education》2019,31(9):452-460

A 17-year-old Irish Draught cross gelding with a history of chronic recurrent right hindlimb cellulitis was evaluated due to acute onset of severe lameness affecting this limb. Scintigraphic examination identified marked radiopharmaceutical uptake within the central and third tarsal bones and the lameness improved following tibial and peroneal nerve blocks. Distal intertarsal joint collapse was observed but the radiographic changes were considered insufficient to explain the lameness severity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed marked bone pathology affecting both the central and third tarsal bones. A subcutaneous abscess developed on the dorsolateral aspect of the limb, but clear evidence of joint infection was not established. Computed tomography showed lytic lesions affecting mainly the third tarsal bone, so the animal was treated surgically for suspected osteomyelitis involving this bone by implantation of gentamicin impregnated polymethylmethacrylate. Shortly following surgery the horse developed gastric rupture and was euthanased. Osteonecrosis of the third tarsal bone was identified, but sepsis was not demonstrated to be the cause. It is hypothesised that osteonecrosis developed as a sequel to chronic osteomyelitis which may have responded to previous antimicrobial treatment. The report also highlights the importance of gastric disorders as a differential for discomfort in animals undergoing treatment for orthopaedic disease.  相似文献   

Use of nitroxide spin probes and electron paramagnetic resonance for assessing reducing power of beer. role of SH groups     

Kocherginsky NM  Kostetski YY  Smirnov AI 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):1052-1057

Intensity of EPR spectra of stable organic free radicals, nitroxides, is decreasing with time if the radicals are dissolved in beer. The process is determined by a chemical reaction of nitroxide reduction by components naturally present in beer. Kinetics can be described as a simple irreversible first order with respect to both nitroxide and one reducing agent. Effective concentration of the reducing agent and the corresponding reaction rate constant has been determined. It is demonstrated that the nitroxide reduction is sensitive to the presence of solvent-accessible SH groups of proteins present in beer. It is proposed that quantitative analysis of reduction kinetics of small water-soluble nitroxide radicals such as TEMPO and TEMPOL can be used to assess the reducing power of beer. The effect of accelerated aging of beer achieved at elevated temperatures on nitroxide reduction kinetics is demonstrated.  相似文献   

The spawning migration and conservation of smelt Osmerus eperlanus in the River Cree, southwest Scotland     

Alex A. Lyle  Peter S. Maitland 《Biological conservation》1997,80(3):303-311

The anadromous smelt Osmerus eperlanus population associated with the River Cree on the Solway Coast, southwest Scotland, is the only one remaining from several which previously occurred in that area. Their spawning migration was studied as a basis for conservation and management proposals. The timing and location of the onset of spawning in February/March was determined by regular inspection of the river bed for smelt eggs. The thermal regime in the lower river during preceding weeks is considered the primary factor in initiating spawning, but prevailing temperature, tide and flow conditions determine exactly where and when. Several local factors must be addressed for future conservation and management, e.g. commercial netting, pollution and the present physico-chemical character of the river. The reintroduction of smelt to other rivers on the Solway Coast should now be seriously considered.  相似文献   

Cereal-based wholecrop silages: A potential conservation measure for farmland birds in pastoral landscapes     

Will J. Peach  Steve Dodd  Duncan B. Westbury  Simon R. Mortimer  Paul Lewis  Alex J. Brook  Stephanie J. Harris  Rebecca Kessock-Philip  Dave L. Buckingham  Keith Chaney 《Biological conservation》2011,(2):836-850

Declines of farmland birds have been pronounced in landscapes dominated by lowland livestock production and densities of seed-eating birds are particularly low in such areas. Modern livestock production often entails a simple cropping system dominated by ley grassland and maize grown for animal feed. These crops often lack invertebrate and seed resources for foraging birds and can be hostile nesting environments. Cereal-based wholecrop silages (CBWCS) offer potential benefits for farmland birds because they can be grown with minimal herbicide applications and can be spring-sown with following winter stubbles. We compared the biodiversity benefits and agronomic yields of winter-sown wheat and spring-sown barley as alternatives to grass and maize silage in intensive dairy livestock systems. Seed-eating birds foraged mainly in CBWCS fields during summer, and mainly on barley stubbles during winter and this reflected the higher densities of seed-bearing plants therein. Maize and grass fields lacked seed-bearing vegetation and were strongly avoided by most seed-eating birds. Production costs of CBWCS are similar to those of maize and lower than those of grass silage. Selective (rather than broad-spectrum) herbicide application on spring barley crops increased forb cover, reduced yields (by 11%) but caused only a small (<4%) increase in production costs. CBWCS grown with selective herbicide and with following winter stubbles offer a practical conservation measure for seed-eating farmland birds in landscapes dominated by intensively-managed grassland and maize. However, the relatively early harvesting of CBWCS could destroy a significant proportion of breeding attempts of late-nesting species like corn bunting (Emberiza calandra) or yellow wagtail (Motocilla flava). Where late-breeding species are likely to nest in CBWCS fields, harvesting should be delayed until most nesting attempts have been completed (e.g. until after 1st August in southern Britain).  相似文献   

Development and evaluation of a new method for sampling and monitoring the symphylid population in pineapple     

Alain Soler  Jean‐Marie Gaude  Paul‐Alex Marie‐Alphonsine  Fabrice Vinatier  Bernard Dole  Jean‐Claude Govindin  Patrick Fournier  Patrick Queneherve 《Pest management science》2011,67(9):1169-1177

BACKGROUND: Symphylids (Hanseniella sp.) are polyphagous soilborne parasites. Today, symphylid populations on pineapple are monitored by observing root symptoms and the presence of symphylids at the bottom of basal leaves. The authors developed a reliable method with a bait and trap device to monitor symphylid populations in pineapple or fallow crops. The spatial distribution of the symphylid populations was evaluated using the variance/mean ratios and spatial analyses based on Moran's and Geary's indices. The method has been tested to monitor symphylid populations at different developmental stages of pineapple. RESULTS: Adding potato baits to the soil samples increased the trapping efficiency of symphylids when compared with ‘soil only’ and ‘bait only’ methods. The handling of the samples is also facilitated by the new device. Results showed that the vertical distribution of symphylids may be uniform deeply inside the soil profile under pineapple, up to 50 cm. Results showed that symphylid populations are highly aggregated, showing a spot area about 4–6 m wide for their development. CONCLUSION: The new method allows better and easier evaluation of symphylid populations. It may be very useful in the evaluation of new IPM methods to control symphylids under pineapple. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Evaluation of the level of Mx3 protein synthesis induced by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) strains of different infectivity     

Ortega C  Rodríguez S  de las Heras AI  Romero A  Monrás M  Enríquez R 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,141(3-4):190-200

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Genetic variability of Chlamydophila abortus strains assessed by PCR-RFLP analysis of polymorphic membrane protein-encoding genes     

Sait M  Clark EM  Wheelhouse N  Spalding L  Livingstone M  Sachse K  Markey BK  Magnino S  Siarkou VI  Vretou E  Caro MR  Yaga R  Lainson FA  Smith DG  Wright F  Longbottom D 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(3-4):284-290

Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are vertebrate infecting, small viruses with circular single stranded DNA, classified in the Anelloviridae family. In pigs, two different TTV species have been described so far, Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and 2 (TTSuV2). TTSuVs have lately been linked to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). In the present study, TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 prevalence and DNA loads in longitudinally collected serum samples of healthy and PMWS affected pigs from Spanish conventional, multi-site farms were analyzed. Serum samples were taken at 1, 3, 7, 11 and around 15 weeks of age (age of PMWS outbreak) and viral DNA loads determined by quantitative PCR. For both TTSuV species, percentage of viremic pigs increased progressively over time, with the highest prevalence in animals of about 15 weeks of age. TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 viral DNA loads in healthy and TTSuV1 loads in PMWS affected animals increased until 11 weeks of age declining afterwards. On the contrary, TTSuV2 DNA loads in PMWS affected pigs increased throughout the sampling period. It seems that TTSuV species differ in the in vivo infection dynamics in PMWS affected animals.  相似文献   

Acute necrotizing myopathy in a dog     

Willamson JA  Kaelble M  Chisholm A 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(2):112-116

A 9 yr old spayed female cocker spaniel presented for an acute onset of weakness. Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria were found 36 hr after presentation. The dog was managed for several electrolyte and mineral abnormalities and rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure. The diagnosis of idiopathic necrotizing myopathy was determined by histopathology and by the exclusion of underlying infectious agents and metabolic defects. The dog recovered completely from the acute crisis and acute renal failure.  相似文献