Clarification of veterinary dental nomenclature     

Bellows JE  Dumais Y  Gioso MA  Reiter AM  Verstraete FJ 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2005,22(4):272-279

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Prevalence of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in adult dairy cattle     

Dunn JR  Keen JE  Thompson RA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(7):1151-1158

OBJECTIVE: To describe shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coil O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7) fecal shedding prevalence, seasonal fecal shedding patterns, and site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, and feces of dairy cattle. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: Adult dairy cattle from 13 herds in Louisiana. PROCEDURE: Samples were cultured for STEC O157 by use of sensitive and specific techniques, including selective broth enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, monoclonal antibody-based O:H enzyme immunoassay serotyping, and polymerase chain reaction virulence gene characterization. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for fecal shedding prevalence as well as site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, and feces. Logistic regression was used to assess seasonal variation and differences at various stages of lactation with respect to fecal shedding of STEC O157 in cattle sampled longitudinally. RESULTS: Summer prevalence in herds in = 13) was 38.5%, with a cow-level prevalence of 6.5%. Among positive herds, prevalence ranged from 3% to 34.6%. Samples from 3 of 5 herds sampled quarterly over 1 year yielded positive results for STEC O157. In herds with STEC O157, an increase in cow-level prevalence was detected during spring (13.3%) and summer (10.5%), compared with values for fall and winter. Site-specific prevalences of STEC O157:H7 from oral cavity, skin, and fecal samples were 0%, 0.7%, and 25.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our data indicated that STEC O157:H7 was commonly isolated from dairy cows in Louisiana, seasonally shed, and isolated from the skin surface but not the oral cavity of cows.  相似文献   

Molecular weapons against agricultural vulnerability and the war on terror     

Hietela SK  Ardans AA 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2003,30(2):155-156

The multiple reports in this issue of the Journal from the Agenda for Action conference, coupled with the analysis by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council, and the Auditor General (UK) on bioterror preparedness and homeland security, highlight the immediate need for rapid disease detection and advanced diagnostic capabilities to protect the public health, animal agriculture, and the numerous associated economies in the United States. In response to the potentially devastating consequences that could arise, there is an acute need for rapid detection of a variety of the lethal foreign animal diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza, classical swine fever, rinderpest, exotic Newcastle disease virus (END), and domestic, vesicular look-alike diseases that include bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, vesicular stomatitis, bovine herpes IBR, contagious ecthyma, bovine herpes mammilitis virus, vesicular exanthema, malignant catarrhal fever, and papular stomatitis. Some striking advances are occurring in the creation of rapid technology, including microfluidics, robotics, miniaturization, and biostabilization that are quickly being applied to the development of rapid microbial detection assays. These are now providing important weapons to combat this agricultural vulnerability.  相似文献   

Enzootic ataxia in farmed red deer     

Millar M  Barlow A  Gunning R  Cosser J 《The Veterinary record》2003,152(13):408

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Effects of theophylline on tracheal mucociliary clearance rates in healthy cats     

Dunn ME  Taylor SM  Shmon CL  Wilkinson AA  Matte GG  Dudzic EM  Cantwell S  Semple H 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(9):1320-1322

OBJECTIVE: To determine tracheal mucociliary clearance rate (TMCCR) by use of a standard protocol in healthy anesthetized cats and to determine the effect of theophylline on TMCCR in healthy anesthetized cats. ANIMALS: 6 healthy cats. PROCEDURE: Cats were anesthetized with propofol, and a droplet of the radiopharmaceutical technetium Tc 99m macroaggregated albumin was placed endoscopically at the carina. Dynamic acquisition scintigraphic imaging was performed, using the larynx as the end point. The TMCCR was determined by measuring the distance the droplet traveled by frame rate. Each cat was imaged 6 times as follows: 3 times following placebo administration and 3 times following the administration of sustained release theophylline (25 mg/kg, PO). Serum theophylline concentrations were assessed during imaging to ensure therapeutic concentrations. RESULTS: The TMCCR in healthy adult cats anesthetized with propofol was 22.2 +/- 2.8 mm/min. Tracheal mucociliary clearance rate in cats receiving theophylline was 21.8 +/- 3.5 mm/min. Theophylline administration did not significantly alterTMCCR. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Theophylline has been shown to increase TMCCR in humans and dogs. In our study, we determined TMCCR in healthy anesthetized cats and found that it was not accelerated by the administration of theophylline.  相似文献   

Involvement of cytolytic and non-cytolytic T cells in the control of feline immunodeficiency virus infection     

Flynn JN  Dunham S  Mueller A  Cannon C  Jarrett O 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,85(3-4):159-170

The appearance of non-cytolytic T cells that suppressed feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) replication in vitro, and FIV-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses was compared in a group of seven, specific pathogen free (SPF) domestic cats following primary infection with the Glasgow(8) isolate of FIV (FIV(GL-8)). FIV proviral burdens were quantified in the blood and lymphoid tissues by real-time PCR. Non-cytolytic T cell suppression of FIV replication was measured by co-cultivating lymphoblasts prepared from the cats at different time-points during infection with FIV-infected MYA-1 cells in vitro. Non-cytolytic suppressor activity was detected as early as 1 week after infection, and was evident in all the lymphoid tissues examined. Further, this activity was present in subpopulations of T cells in the blood with normal (CD8(hi)) or reduced (CD8(lo)) expression of the CD8 molecule, and temporal modulations in non-cytolytic suppressor activity were unrelated to the circulating CD8(+) T cell numbers. Virus-specific CTL responses, measured by (51)Cr release assays, were not detected until 4 weeks after infection, with the emergence of FIV-specific effector CTLs in the blood. Throughout infection the response was predominantly directed towards FIV Gag-expressing target cells, and by 47 weeks after infection CTL responses had become localised in the lymph nodes and spleen. The results suggest that both non-cytolytic T cell suppression of FIV replication and FIV-specific CTL responses are important cellular immune mechanisms in the control of FIV replication in infected asymptomatic cats.  相似文献   

Rabies in Bats: Natural History and Public Health Implications          下载免费PDF全文

Alex Wandeler 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1995,36(11):719

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Environmental air sampling to detect exotic Newcastle disease virus in two California commercial poultry flocks.     

Sharon K Hietala  Pamela J Hullinger  Beate M Crossley  Hailu Kinde  Alex A Ardans 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(2):198-200

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Sampling Strategies for Mapping ‘Within-field’ Variability in the Dry Matter Yield and Mineral Nutrient Status of Forage Grass Crops in Cool Temperate Climes     

Jordan  Crawford  Shi  Z.  Bailey  John S.  Higgins  Alex J. 《Precision Agriculture》2003,4(1):69-86

In the absence of suitable technology to measure and map the dry matter (DM) yield distributions of forage grass crops within individual fields, a manual procedure of yield mapping has been developed. Samples of herbage are collected just prior to each silage harvest from known grid points within a field, and sward DM yields at each point are predicted from the mineral composition of the herbage, using empirical mathematical models. Yield maps (and maps of sward nutrient status) are then produced by kriging interpolation between the point data. To make the most efficient use of time and resources, however, sampling intensity needs to be kept to the absolute minimum necessary for interpolation purposes. The aim of the present study was to examine the spatial variability in sward DM yield and mineral nutrient status in a large grass silage field under a three-cut system, and devise optimal sampling strategies for mapping the distributions of these parameters at each cut. Herbage samples were collected from the field, prior to each harvest, at 25 m intervals in a regular rectangular grid to provide databases of herbage nutrient contents and DM yields. Different data combinations were abstracted from these databases for comparison purposes, and ordinary kriging used to produce interpolated maps of DM yield and sward N, P, K and S statuses. The results suggested that a sampling density of just seven samples per hectare was adequate for estimating the true population means of sward DM yield and sward N, P, K, and S statuses. For mapping purposes, it was found that the best compromise between interpolation accuracy and sampling efficiency was to collect herbage samples in a 35.4 m×35.4 m equilateral triangular sampling pattern.  相似文献   

Effects of putrescine injection in broiler breeder eggs     

Emanuele Cristiny Goes  Gabriela Cardoso Dal Pont  Priscila Raijche Oliveira  Chayane da Rocha  Alex Maiorka 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(2):294-304

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of putrescine injected in ovo on hatchability, intestinal morphology and pre-starter performance of broilers. For this purpose, 720 eggs from broiler breeders were separated into a negative control (no injection) and injection treatments with increasing doses of putrescine (0.05; 0.1; 0.15 and 0.2%), totalling five treatments of 144 eggs each. Eggs were distributed in a completely randomized design inside the setter and the injection of solutions occurred at 17 days of incubation. After hatch, 330 birds were housed in mixed lots following the original treatments, totalling 5 treatments of 6 replicates with 11 birds each. Six birds per treatment were weighed and euthanized by cervical dislocation to collect the liver, intestine and breast 24 hr after injection, at hatch and 24 hr after hatch. At 2 days of age, intestines were collected from 4 animals per treatment to analyse histomorphology. The effects of putrescine levels were evaluated by polynomial regression models, ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% probability. The hatchability decreased linearly in response to increased doses of putrescine. The percentage of residual yolk was lower in animals that received putrescine compared to the control. After injection, the percentage of breast increased linearly, and the percentage of intestine had a quadratic response to increased doses of putrescine. However, 24 hr after hatch, the percentage of intestine linearly decreased, and the percentage of liver linearly increased in response to increased doses of putrescine. Villus height increased quadratically, crypt depth decreased linearly, and goblet cells increased linearly in response to the putrescine dose. FI and BWG were not affected in the pre-starter phase; however, FCR increased in response to increased levels of putrescine. Due to putrescine effects on embryos, it is recommended that the doses injected in ovo not exceed 0.1%.  相似文献