Let's Cook for Our Dog/Let's Cook for our Cat          下载免费PDF全文

Marion E. Smart 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(12):767

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Integration of transgenes into sexual polyploidization schemes for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)     

Alexander A.T. Johnson  Richard E. Veilleux 《Euphytica》2003,133(1):125-138

Most potato transgenic research has focused on development of resistance to pathogens and modification of potato physiology. Many transgenes, particularly those conferring pathogen resistance, could substantially lower potato production costs in developing countries. However, transgenes have not been reported in sexually propagated 4x-2x potato hybrids commonly grown in developing countries. Two transgenes,the Bacillus thuringiensis cry3Aa endotoxin protein gene and the PVY°coat protein gene, were engineered intodiploid and tetraploid potato using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Cry3Aa was produced at high levels in several lines while the PVY° coat protein was not expressed. Diplandroid and tetraploid genotypes were crossed to produce transgenic 4x-2x hybrids. Genetic transformation had no discernable effect on fertility ofthe primary transformants, germination of4x-2x seed derived from the transformants and agronomic performance(tuber set, average tuber weight and total tuber yield) of the 4x-2xhybrids. The transgenic 4x-2xhybrids produced non-viable pollen and could only be crossed as female parents. Results suggest that transgenes, such ascry3Aa, could be expressed in 4x-2x hybrids to lower costs of production with no significant effect on plant phenotype. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Worker Circulation Between Asia and the Middle East     

J. E. Smart 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》1986,27(1):1-28

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Allozymes and growth habit of Aegilops tauschii: genetic control and linkage patterns   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alexander Ju. Dudnikov 《Euphytica》2003,129(1):89-97

Aegilops tauschii line of spring type growth habit with theearliest heading among all the VIR world germplasm collection of thisspecies was crossed with three Ae. tauschii lines of winter type growthhabit with low, intermediate and the highest vernalization requirement. 12enzyme loci were involved in genetic analysis. The growth habit was foundto be encoded by single codominant major gene, Vrn-D2. Thefollowing linkages were found: Est5 – Nadhd2 in chromosome 3, Vrn-D2 – Aco2 – Cat2 and Pgm – Nadhd1 in chromosome 4, Est2 – Got2 in chromosome 6.  相似文献   

Basics of effective erosion control in German agriculture     

Detlef Deumlich  Roger Funk  Monika Frielinghaus  Walter‐Alexander Schmidt  Olaf Nitzsche 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(3):370-381

Present research in Germany on water, wind, and tillage erosion is examined. Existing soil‐protection strategies, laws, and guidelines are outlined. These are the result of extensive scientific investigations and the adoption of existing international knowledge. The most common methodologies currently used in Germany are reviewed. They allow an estimation of the water‐ and wind‐erosion risks as well as methods for their reduction. The results enable an aim‐orientated, site‐specific, risk‐adequate approach to implementing control measures in an easily understood framework. The most important remaining research problems are explained.  相似文献   

Scientific principles for water utilization in the U.S.S.R.     

Alexander M. Green 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1974,3(2):237-248

Water resources are essential for economic and cultural development of a territory. Both economic development and the health of the people depend on the provision of pure water. Scientifically founded plans of water resources use and conservation should be based on a balance approach to the assessment of available water supply sources and, on the forecast of their interconnected change in the future in a close association with the forecast of the whole economy and culture of the studied region. In the future the main threat to the normal development of the economy and life will not be water deficiency but the conversion of rivers, lakes and other water supply sources into sewers. Therefore it is proposed that there be a complete cessation of sewage discharge (even of the so-called purified) into water supply sources while drawing up long-term water management balances.  相似文献   

Effect of simulated acid rain on mycorrhizal infection of Pinus strobus L.     

H. F. Stroo  Martin Alexander 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1985,25(1):107-114

Mycorrhizal infection but not growth of white pine seedlings was reduced by application of simulated rain at pH 3.5 at 3 times ambient rates to plants grown in steamed Mardin soil inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius. In unsteamed Mardin soil, the simulated acid rain at 3 times ambient rates had no effect on mycorrhizal infection or growth of pine seedlings if the rain was applied to the plants and soil or to only the soil before planting, except that nitrate-containing acid rain increased growth, infection and N content. In limed Mardin soil, the simulated acid rain reduced mycorrhizal infection if applied to the plants and soil as the seedlings were growing but not if applied to the soil before planting. Application of pH 3.5 rain at ambient rates had no detectable influence on mycorrhizal infection in 6 of 9 soils tested, but it stimulated infestion in 3 soils if the simulated rain contained only sulfate and in 1 soil if it had both sulfate and nitrate.  相似文献   

Callose concentration in leaves of field grown Oxalis acetosella (L.) indicates growth impediments     

Alexander H. Wissemeier  Hermann Rodenkirchen 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1994,157(5):327-332

The Höglwald, located in Bavaria, is a pure Norway spruce stand, where experimental plots which were limed or not were subjected to normal or acid irrigation (Höglwald Experiment). The growth of the forest herb Oxalis acetosella improved greatly with liming. Callose concentration in leaves of Oxalis reflected the lime effect with about a 2.5 times lower callose concentration in the limed compared to unlimed plots. Acid irrigation increased callose concentration only in the unlimed plot. A negative exponential relationship was established between leaflet area and callose concentration. In a Diagnostic Field Fertilization Experiment in the vicinity of the Höglwald Experiment, Ca and Mg were applied either as carbonate or sulphate and Mn and Si added to experimental plots. In this experiment, it was demonstrated that it was not liming per se, but the application of Ca, that greatly increased the growth of Oxalis. Again, there was a negative correlation between leaflet area and callose concentration in leaves. Chemical analysis of leaves revealed that a Mn concentration > 3.5 mg (g DW)^?1 and a Mg concentration > 10 mg (g DW)^?1 led to increased callose concentration.  相似文献   

Non-intertidal habitat use by shorebirds: a reflection of inadequate intertidal resources?     

Jennifer Smart 《Biological conservation》2003,111(3):359-369

Many species of shorebird typically forage almost exclusively on intertidal habitats. When such strongly maritime species choose to forage on non-intertidal habitats, it may either be a response to deteriorating intertidal conditions or to the discovery of more profitable resources in non-intertidal areas. Methods which allow distinction between these two will clearly be important for identifying problems in intertidal habitats. Since January 1998, turnstone (Arenaria interpres) on the Wash estuary, eastern England have been foraging on the docksides of Port Sutton Bridge (mainly on spilt wheat and fishmeal), fields and river edges, resulting in concern that intertidal food supplies were no longer sufficient to support the population. We quantified the distribution and behaviour of turnstone within the Wash in relation to season, tidal state and weather and used a depletion model to predict the number of turnstone that could be supported by the port, under a range of resource densities and environmental conditions. Numbers of turnstone on non-intertidal habitats increased over the winter and use of the port was significantly greater around high tide and on colder days. The depletion model showed that under virtually all conditions, the port could support a much greater proportion of the turnstone population than current peak numbers. The use of non-intertidal habitats therefore suggests that the preferred intertidal food supplies are not currently capable of supporting the turnstone population throughout the winter. Habitat switches such as this can potentially be important advance warnings of ecological changes for species, which have not yet led to reductions in population size.  相似文献   

Arsenic-contaminated soils phytotoxicity studies with sunflower and sorghum     

Yelena V. Lyubun  Paul V. Kosterin  Elena A. Zakharova  Alexander A. Shcherbakov  Evgenii E. Fedorov 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2002,2(3):143-147

Background, Aim and Scope  Environmental pollution caused by arsenic (As) is a major ecological problem. There has been intense worldwide effort to find As-hyperaccumulating plants that can be used in phytoremediation—the green-plant-assisted removal of chemical pollutants from soils. For phytoremediation, it is natural to prefer cultivated rather than wild plants, because their agriculture is well known. This study was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of common sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) and sugar sorghum(Sorghum saccharatum Pers.) for soil-As contents of 10–100 mg As kg^-1 soil, with sodium arsenite as a model contaminant. Methods  Plants were grown in a growth chamber for 30 days. Microfield experiments were conducted on experimental plots. To study the phytoremediation effect of the auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), we treated 1- and 3-day-old plant seedlings with water solutions of the auxins (concentrations 10^-5, 10^-7, and 10^-9 g l^-1). The soil and plant-biomass samples were analyzed for total As by using the color reaction of ammonium molybdate with As. Results and Discussion  Phytotoxicity studies showed that 100 mg As kg^-1 soil poisoned sunflower and sorghum growth by 50%. There was a linear correlation between soil-As content and As accumulation in the plants. Laboratory experiments showed that the soil-As content was reduced two- to threefold after sunflower had been grown with 10–100 mg As kg^-1 soil for 30 days. Treatment of sunflower and sorghum seedlings with IAA and 2,4-D at a concentration of 10^-5 g l^-1 in microfield experiments enhanced the phytoremediation two- to fivefold as compared with untreated control plants. The best results were obtained with 3-day-old seedlings. Conclusion, Recommendation and Outlook  (a) Sunflower and sorghum are good candidates to remediate As-polluted soils. (b) Phytoremediation can be improved with IAA or 2,4-D. (c) Mixed cropping of sorghum and sunflower may be another way of improving phytoremediation.  相似文献