Assessment of biosecurity level in small-scale broiler farms in the Western highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa)     

Marc K. Kouam  Manjeli Jacouba  Inouss N. Nsangou  Alexis Teguia 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(7):1529-1538

The recent outbreak of avian influenza in the poultry sector of Cameroon has raised a concern about the level of implementation of biosecurity measures (BM) on poultry farms. Therefore, a study using a questionnaire on 102 randomly selected poultry farms was undertaken. Some measures with high adoption levels (>?90%) included “protection of airing openings of poultry barns by a wire mesh,” “no external animal allowed to enter the farm,” “respect of all-in all-out principle,” “functional footbath,” “rodent control,” and “feedstuff protection from access to rodents.” The least implemented measures (less than 20%) were “wearing of dedicated clothing (clean coveralls and boots) by workers,” “disinfection of visitors,” and “presence of storage room for dead animals.” Only for “isolation” component of biosecurity, compliance with biosecurity measures was good, with more than 50% of farms having an adoption rate greater than 75%. The mean biosecurity score for the assessed farms was 19.29?±?1.89 for a maximum score of 38 points. The score was significantly and positively correlated (p?<?0.05) with the number of chicken and the geographic location of farms. The other results showed that the mean number of broiler per cycle was 550.82?±?76 for a stocking density of 27.20?±?6.64 birds per m². In conclusion, broiler production in the Western highland is dominated by small-scale units with low level of biosecurity practices positively and significantly (p?<?0.05) influenced by some production characteristics. To improve biosecurity practices in the area, efforts must focus on measures concerning “sanitation” and “traffic control” components of biosecurity.  相似文献   

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SCROTAL AND PRESCROTAL CASTRATION IN PET RABBITS (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS)     

Alexis Duhamelle  Emilie Tessier  Sylvain Larrat 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2018,27(3):15-21

Castration of rabbits can be achieved with several surgical techniques. The choice of the technique currently depends on surgeon preference since objective comparison between techniques is lacking. The aim of the current study was to compare the scrotal and prescrotal approaches in pet rabbits. The surgery and anesthesia duration, the postoperative appetite and feces production, and the postoperative complications were compared. Thirteen rabbits were randomly assigned to the scrotal or prescrotal castration groups. Appetite, fecal output, surgical incisions, and scrotums were evaluated at 8 hourse, 24 hours, 32 hours, and 7 days after surgery. Scrotal edema at 8, 24, and 32 hours and anesthesia duration were significantly higher in the scrotal group compared to the prescrotal group (P = 0.008, P = 0.013, P = 0.021, and P = 0.034, respectively). A nonsignificant tendency toward a higher rate of licking and mutilation behaviors was observed in the scrotal group 24 hours postsurgery. No other complications were observed in either group. All rabbits quickly recovered a normal appetite and fecal output, and all surgical incisions healed without issue. Although the prescrotal technique was associated with less complications, both techniques were considered safe options for rabbits in this study.  相似文献   

Lumber recovery and value of dead and sound black spruce trees grown in the North Shore region of Québec     

Julie Barrette  David Pothier  David Auty  Alexis Achim  Isabelle Duchesne  Nancy Gélinas 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(5):603-615

Context

To increase the wood supply to its industry, the government of Québec has allocated dead and sound wood (recently dead merchantable stems, DSW) to the wood supply chain in addition to the annual allowable cut of living trees. However, DSW is often criticized by sawmillers for its perceived poor quality and lower value.

Aims

The objective of this study was to compare the lumber visual grade yield and value from live and recently dead merchantable trees in three different states of wood decomposition.

Methods

In total, 162 black spruce trees [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] were felled from three different sites comprising three different states of wood decomposition and three diameter classes. The state of decomposition of each standing tree was categorized following Hunter??s classification (decay stages 1 & 2, 3 and 4) and the DSW classification developed by the Government of Québec.

Results

Large trees (> 20?cm) of the Hunter 4 class have a lower value as a result of inferior quality.

Conclusion

Considering the current economic difficulties facing the forest industry and the requirements of ecosystem-based management, we recommend leaving in the forest trees that have reached such a state of deterioration.  相似文献   

Influence of early re-spacing on Sitka spruce branch structure     

David Auty  Aaron R. Weiskittel  Alexis Achim  John R. Moore  Barry A. Gardiner 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(1):93-104

• Context   

The frequency, size, and insertion angle of primary branches are important determinants of wood quality and can be significantly influenced by silvicultural activities.  相似文献   

Investigation of the aetiology of udder-thigh dermatitis in French dairy cattle     

Roy C  Roque JL  François PM  Ferrieres A  Raboisson D 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(1):274-276

Udder-thigh dermatitis (UTD) is a common disease in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to define UTD incidence, its risk factors and the involved pathogens. Of 74 respondents, 72 (97%) reported having had the disease. On those farms the incidence was 5.3 cases per 100 cow years. The odds ratio (OR) of UTD in primiparous compared to multiparous cows was 23.4 (95% CI 17.3-33.8). Compared to tied stalls, the ORs of UTD were 0.65 (95% CI 0.45-0.92) and 0.43 (95% CI 0.24-0.71) for free stalls and straw yards, respectively. Udder oedema was reported in 98.3% of cows with UTD. The most common bacteria isolated from affected skin were Fusobacterium spp. (12/14 cases). This study suggests that UTD management should focus on local treatment, reducing udder oedema and increasing exercise.  相似文献   

Biclonal gammopathy associated with immunoglobulin A in a dog with multiple myeloma     

Ramaiah SK  Seguin MA  Carwile HF  Raskin RE 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2002,31(2):83-89

A 10-year-old neutered male Airedale Terrier was evaluated for inappetance, weight loss, and lameness. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed based on bone marrow plasmacytosis, multiple lytic bone lesions, and hyperglobulinemia with a clonal gammopathy on serum protein electrophoresis. Splenic plasmacytosis, and retinal lesions consistent with hyperviscosity syndrome also were found. Temporary responses to 2 different chemotherapy protocols (melphalan and prednisone, and cyclophosphamide and prednisone) were seen, with remission of clinical signs and a decrease in the biclonal gammopathy but no resolution of the splenic mass. Eventual return of clinical signs led to euthanasia at 175 days postdiagnosis. Necropsy examination confirmed multiple myeloma involving bone marrow and spleen, and glomerulonephritis. An immunoglobulin-A (IgA) gammopathy was demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis; biclonality was ascertained by immunofixation electrophoresis. The clonal components consisted of intact Ig with a heavy chain of the a class and a light chain of undetermined class. To our knowledge, this is the first report of undimerized biclonal gammopathy in a dog caused by a single heavy chain class involving IgA.  相似文献   

Sheep as a new experimental host for Babesia divergens     

Chauvin A  Valentin A  Malandrin L  L'Hostis M 《Veterinary research》2002,33(4):429-433

Babesia divergens was cultivated in sheep erythrocytes in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) or sheep serum. In vitro cultures in sheep red blood cells were initiated with human erythrocytes infected in vitro with B. divergens Rouen 1987 or with gerbil blood infected with several isolates from bovine origin. After the first subcultures on sheep erythrocytes, a ten-fold multiplication of the parasites was obtained within 48 h. Erythrocytes from three splenectomized sheep were infected in vitro with B. divergens; when parasitaemia reached 10%, the animals were inoculated with homologous parasitized erythrocytes. All sheep expressed hyperthermia with a peak between the 6th and the 9th day post-infection (p-i) and a transitory parasitaemia 10 days p-i. In vitro primary cultures were performed on two of these sheep, demonstrating the parasite persistence at very low parasitaemia in the infected animals. Splenectomized sheep can be used as a new model for B. divergens chronic infection.  相似文献   

Endobronchial polyp derived from a myxosarcoma in the lung of a dog     

Hill RC  Ginn PE  Thompson MS  Seguin MA  Miller D  Taylor DP 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2008,44(6):327-334

An endobronchial polyp was visible radiographically and bronchoscopically in an 11-year-old, mixed-breed dog with a persistent cough. The polyp was removed by traction. Initial histological examination suggested it was a myxomatous fibroma. The cough resolved but recurred with polyp regrowth. Two additional lung masses became visible radiographically. The polyp was removed twice more at 6-month intervals. Euthanasia was performed 15 months after first presentation when coughing recurred soon after the final bronchoscopy. Histological examination revealed that the mass was a myxomatous sarcoma. The lung contained two other unrelated tumors: a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and a carcinoma of unknown origin.  相似文献   

Only two weeks are required forTricholoma matsutake to differentiate ectomycorrhizal Hartig net structures in roots ofPinus densiflora seedlings cultivated on artificial substrate     

Lu-Min Vaario  Alexis Guerin-Laguette  Warwick M. Gill  Frédéric Lapeyrie  Kazuo Suzuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2000,5(4):293-297

There has been conflicting debate over many years regarding the trophic status ofTricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Sing., and further investigations are necessary to better understandT. matsutake physiology, particularly carbon nutrition, during ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. For this purpose, we developed a technique to rapidly synthesizein vitro ectomycorrhizas betweenPinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. andT. matsutake on artificial substrate (vermiculite: perlite: peat: beech sawdust; 5:5:1:1.), without added sugar in the nutrient solution. Only 1 week was required before the first rudimentary Hartig net ‘palmetti’ could be observed in roots. Well-developed Hartig net structures appeared in taproots after 2 weeks and in lateral roots after 3 weeks. Such rapid root infection may be attributed to the quality of the substrate and the inoculum used. This research was supported by a grant from the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN).  相似文献   

Adaptive plasticity in female mate choice dampens sexual selection on male ornaments in the lark bunting     

Chaine AS  Lyon BE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5862):459-462

Theory on the evolution of ornamental male traits by sexual selection assumes consistency in selection over time. Temporal variation in female choice could dampen sexual selection, but scant information exists on the degree to which individual female preferences are flexible. Here we show that in lark buntings sexual selection on male traits varied dramatically across years and, in some cases, exhibited reversals in the direction of selection for a single trait. We show that these shifts are probably because of flexibility in mate choice by individual females and that they parallel shifts in the male traits that predict female reproductive success in a given year. Plasticity in choice and concomitant reversals in mating patterns across time may weaken the strength of sexual selection and could maintain genetic variation underlying multiple sexual ornaments.  相似文献