Hepatic profile of Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 experimentally infected by Plasmodium juxtanucleare Versiani & Gomes, 1941     

Vashist U  Falqueto AD  Lustrino D  Tunholi VM  Tunholi-Alves VM  dos Santos MA  D'Agosto M  Massard CL  Pinheiro J 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(3-4):207-211

One of the species that causes avian malaria is Plasmodium juxtanucleare. It is commonly found in poultry, especially when the birds receive food free of coccidiostats. Since industrial and organic poultry breeding is increasing in the world and few studies have been conducted examining the clinical parameters of both healthy and infected birds, this work evaluated whether the infection caused by P. juxtanucleare in Gallus gallus provokes alterations in the birds' hepatic profile. We analyzed the activity of ALT and AST and carried out histological analyses of liver sections of infected fowls by intracelomic inoculation with infected blood from a donor fowl with a parasite load of around 7%. The infected birds' parasite load was evaluated during 45 days by means of blood smears. There was a positive correlation between the increase in parasite load and higher ALT activity in the infected fowls, but there was no significant variation of the AST activity between the control and infected groups, possibly because of the non-specificity of this enzyme as an indicator of hepatic lesion. The results show that infection caused by P. juxtanucleare in G. gallus provokes hepatic alterations, indicated by the increase in the ALT enzyme activity and by the inflammatory infiltrates found in the liver sections of the infected fowls.  相似文献   

Differential response to the South American rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damage of rice cultivars with contrasting levels of resistance: implications for field management     

Juliano de B Pazini  Anderson D Grützmacher  Enio J Seidel  Afrânio M C Vieira  Aline C Padilha  Giovani G de Brito  Daniel Bernardi  José A F Barrigossi  José F da S Martins 《Pest management science》2023,79(3):947-958

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Materials science. Exploiting wrinkle formation     

Miller AF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5838):605-606

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Vegetable oil stability at elevated temperatures in the presence of ferric stearate and ferrous octanoate     

Coscione AR  Artz WE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2088-2094

The thermoxidative stability of partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO) was examined after addition of ferric stearate and ferrous octanoate, and then heating the samples at 120, 160, 180, and 200 degrees C. In a second experiment, the effect of iron concentration (ferric stearate) on PHSBO stability was examined at 180 degrees C, and at concentrations of approximately 0.5 and 1.2 mg of added iron/kg PHSBO. Oil samples were heated continuously for 72 h and sampled every 12 h. The acid value, p-anisidine value, color, dielectric constant and the triacylglycerol polymer content of oil samples were compared to oil samples containing no added iron. Generally, the value of each oxidative index increased with (1) an increase in temperature, (2) an increase in heating time, and/or (3) an increase in iron. The results demonstrate that low concentrations of iron will substantially increase the rate of oxidation for vegetable oil samples heated to temperatures of 120 degrees C to 200 degrees C.  相似文献   

Comparative transcriptional analyzes of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri reveal mechanisms of adaptation and bacterial virulence in the early stage of citrus canker disease     

Suárez-Acevedo  Sara  Chaves-Bedoya  Giovanni  Guariz-Pinheiro  Daniel  Cristina-Lopes  Aline  Mari-Murata  Mayara  Hirochi-Herai  Roberto  Aparecido-Ferro  Jesus  Rodas-Mendoza  Elkin 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(3):557-573

European Journal of Plant Pathology - The Allium cepa L. (onion) crop is affected by leaf blight disease caused by Stemphylium vesicarium; the shifts that S. vesicarium infection causes in the...  相似文献   

Density thresholds and the incorporation of biocontrol into decision-making to enhance the control of Cacopsylla pyri in pear (cv. Ercolini) orchards     

Juan A Sanchez  Aline Carrasco-Ortiz  Elena Lpez-Gallego  Maria J Ramírez-Soria  Michelangelo La Spina  María C Ortín-Angulo  Helena Ibez-Martínez 《Pest management science》2022,78(1):116-125

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Landscape ecology meets landscape science     

Julian Helfenstein  Lea Bauer  Aline Clalüna  Janine Bolliger  Felix Kienast 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(7):1109-1113

Landscape ecology is a broad field in a patchwork of related disciplines. Giving landscape ecology a definition and delimiting it from related research areas is both a challenge and a necessity. Past endeavors have focused on expert opinions, analyses of published papers, and conference proceedings. We used a mix of all three, including a unique keyword analysis in two leading landscape-related journals, to highlight latest developments in landscape ecology between 2010 and 2013. Our analysis confirms the key topics of Wu (Landscape Ecol 28(1):1–11, 2013), and suggests that of those connectivity is dominating in terms of research output. However, we also found evidence that the borders of the journal Landscape Ecology are fuzzier than sketched in recent publications. There is a large overlap with the journal Landscape and Urban Planning, and in general a growing weight of conservation, landscape management, and planning related issues in the landscape ecology community. We conclude by encouraging the continued inclusion and strengthening of socio-ecological hot topics such as urban studies and landscape-human interactions in landscape ecological studies and subsequently in the journal landscape ecology.  相似文献   

Niacin supplementation induces type II to type I muscle fiber transition in skeletal muscle of sheep     

Muckta Khan  Aline Couturier  Johanna F Kubens  Erika Most  Frank-Christoph Mooren  Karsten Krüger  Robert Ringseis  Klaus Eder 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):85

Background

It was recently shown that niacin supplementation counteracts the obesity-induced muscle fiber transition from oxidative type I to glycolytic type II and increases the number of type I fibers in skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats. These effects were likely mediated by the induction of key regulators of fiber transition, PPARδ (encoded by PPARD), PGC-1α (encoded by PPARGC1A) and PGC-1β (encoded by PPARGC1B), leading to type II to type I fiber transition and upregulation of genes involved in oxidative metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether niacin administration also influences fiber distribution and the metabolic phenotype of different muscles [M. longissimus dorsi (LD), M. semimembranosus (SM), M. semitendinosus (ST)] in sheep as a model for ruminants. For this purpose, 16 male, 11 wk old Rhoen sheep were randomly allocated to two groups of 8 sheep each administered either no (control group) or 1 g niacin per day (niacin group) for 4 wk.

Results

After 4 wk, the percentage number of type I fibers in LD, SM and ST muscles was greater in the niacin group, whereas the percentage number of type II fibers was less in niacin group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, and PPARD and the relative mRNA levels of genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid uptake (CPT1B, SLC25A20), tricarboxylic acid cycle (SDHA), mitochondrial respiratory chain (COX5A, COX6A1), and angiogenesis (VEGFA) in LD, SM and ST muscles were greater (P < 0.05) or tended to be greater (P < 0.15) in the niacin group than in the control group.

Conclusions

The study shows that niacin supplementation induces muscle fiber transition from type II to type I, and thereby an oxidative metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle in sheep as a model for ruminants. The enhanced capacity of skeletal muscle to utilize fatty acids in ruminants might be particularly useful during metabolic states in which fatty acids are excessively mobilized from adipose tissue, such as during the early lactating period in high producing cows.  相似文献   

Adaptation of ostriches to transport‐induced stress: Physiometabolic response     

Giovanni Vazquez‐Galindo  Aline S. de Aluja  Isabel Guerrero‐Legarreta  Hector Orozco‐Gregorio  Fernando Borderas‐Tordesillas  Patricia Mora‐Medina  Patricia Roldan‐Santiago  Salvador Flores‐Peinado  Daniel Mota‐Rojas 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(4):350-358

This study assessed the effects of five different transport periods on physiometabolic responses and gas exchange in ostriches. It included 138 ostriches that were assigned to five experimental groups. G₁ included 78 birds that were set aside as a reference group (RG). Each one of the four remaining experimental groups included 20 ostriches, which were transported in the following manner: G₁ on one occasion for a period of 1 h; G₂ on one occasion for 2 h; and G₃ on one occasion for 3 h; G_4a was made up of the ostriches from G₁ but they were shipped on a second occasion, for 2 h (making a total of 3 h); finally, G_4b was that same group, but after a third transport period, on this occasion during 3 h (for a total of 6 h). Groups G₂ and G₃ presented the most marked blood alterations (P < 0.05), including an increase in pH, hypocapnia (27.8 ± 0.80 mmHg), hypernatremia (171.75 ± 1.84 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (0.95 ± 0.03 mmol/L), and hyperglycemia (224.05 ± 3.94 mg/dL). Also, group G₃ presented the lowest hematocrit values (26.5 ± 0.47 HTC%). Therefore, transporting ostriches with no prior experience for 3 h caused the most pronounced physiometabolic changes.  相似文献   

A possible anaphylactoid reaction in a cow after intravenous meloxicam     

Sayaka Okushima  Maud‐Aline Chesnel  R. Eddie Clutton 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(3):333-334

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