Projections of regional changes in forest net primary productivity for different tree species in Europe driven by climate change and carbon dioxide     

Christopher Reyer  Petra Lasch-Born  Felicitas Suckow  Martin Gutsch  Aline Murawski  Tobias Pilz 《Annals of Forest Science》2014,71(2):211-225

? Context

Projecting changes in forest productivity in Europe is crucial for adapting forest management to changing environmental conditions.

? Aims

The objective of this paper is to project forest productivity changes under different climate change scenarios at a large number of sites in Europe with a stand-scale process-based model.

? Methods

We applied the process-based forest growth model 4C at 132 typical forest sites of important European tree species in ten environmental zones using climate change scenarios from three different climate models and two different assumptions about CO₂ effects on productivity.

? Results

This paper shows that future forest productivity will be affected by climate change and that these effects depend strongly on the climate scenario used and the persistence of CO₂ effects. We find that productivity increases in Northern Europe, increases or decreases in Central Europe, and decreases in Southern Europe. This geographical pattern is mirrored by the responses of the individual tree species. The productivity of Scots pine and Norway spruce, mostly located in central and northern Europe, increases while the productivity of Common beech and oak in southern regions decreases. It is important to note that we consider the physiological response to climate change excluding disturbances or management.

? Conclusions

Different climate change scenarios and assumptions about the persistence of CO₂ effects lead to uncertain projections of future forest productivity. These uncertainties need to be integrated into forest management planning and adaptation of forest management to climate change using adaptive management frameworks.  相似文献   

The transmission potential of Rift Valley fever virus among livestock in the Netherlands: a modelling study     

Egil AJ Fischer  Gert-Jan Boender  Gonnie Nodelijk  Aline A de Koeijer  Herman JW van Roermund 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):58

Abstracts

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic vector-borne infection and causes a potentially severe disease. Many mammals are susceptible to infection including important livestock species. Although currently confined to Africa and the near-East, this disease causes concern in countries in temperate climates where both hosts and potential vectors are present, such as the Netherlands. Currently, an assessment of the probability of an outbreak occurring in this country is missing. To evaluate the transmission potential of RVFV, a mathematical model was developed and used to determine the initial growth and the Floquet ratio, which are indicators of the probability of an outbreak and of persistence in a periodic changing environment caused by seasonality. We show that several areas of the Netherlands have a high transmission potential and risk of persistence of the infection. Counter-intuitively, these are the sparsely populated livestock areas, due to the high vector-host ratios in these areas. Culex pipiens s.l. is found to be the main driver of the spread and persistence, because it is by far the most abundant mosquito. Our investigation underscores the importance to determine the vector competence of this mosquito species for RVFV and its host preference.  相似文献   

Mars surface diversity as revealed by the OMEGA/Mars Express observations     

Bibring JP  Langevin Y  Gendrin A  Gondet B  Poulet F  Berthé M  Soufflot A  Arvidson R  Mangold N  Mustard J  Drossart P;OMEGA team 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5715):1576-1581

The Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces, et l'Activité (OMEGA) investigation, on board the European Space Agency Mars Express mission, is mapping the surface composition of Mars at a 0.3- to 5-kilometer resolution by means of visible-near-infrared hyperspectral reflectance imagery. The data acquired during the first 9 months of the mission already reveal a diverse and complex surface mineralogy, offering key insights into the evolution of Mars. OMEGA has identified and mapped mafic iron-bearing silicates of both the northern and southern crust, localized concentrations of hydrated phyllosilicates and sulfates but no carbonates, and ices and frosts with a water-ice composition of the north polar perennial cap, as for the south cap, covered by a thin carbon dioxide-ice veneer.  相似文献   

Draining system and feeding rate during the initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri (Steindachner, 1877), a carnivorous freshwater fish     

Reinaldo Melillo Filho  Rodrigo Takata  André Eduardo Heringer Santos  Walisson de Souza e Silva  Aline Leite Ikeda  Lucas Alves Rodrigues  José Cláudio Epaminondas dos Santos  Ana Lúca Salaro  Ronald Kennedy Luz 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(12):1913-1920

This study evaluated the efficiency of the drainage system during the larviculture of Lophiosilurus alexandri. Moreover, we assessed the best feeding rate after feed training for juvenile production. The study was performed in three phases over 87 days. In phase 1 (40 days), larvae were fed live food and posteriorly submitted to feed training in two drainage systems: water drained on the surface (DS), and water drained into a tank column (DI). In the second phase (30 days), using only the DS system juveniles were fed a formulated diet at feeding rates, 2, 4, 6 and 8% of body wet weight. In the third phase (17 days), the fish from the second phase were fed until apparent satiation. At the first phase, the animals in the DS system exhibited greater survival rates and growth. The best feeding rate for daily weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and mean body weights were similar: 5.57, 5.13 and 5.68% respectively. In the third phase, an increased SGR was observed in the treatment groups that received lower feeding rates in the second phase (2 and 4%), which could indicate a possible compensatory growth rate.  相似文献   

ASAS–NANP Symposium: Mathematical Modeling in Animal Nutrition: Opportunities and challenges of confined and extensive precision livestock production     

Hector M Menendez  III  Jameson R Brennan  Charlotte Gaillard  Krista Ehlert  Jaelyn Quintana  Suresh Neethirajan  Aline Remus  Marc Jacobs  Izabelle A M A Teixeira  Benjamin L Turner  Luis O Tedeschi 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(6)

Modern animal scientists, industry, and managers have never faced a more complex world. Precision livestock technologies have altered management in confined operations to meet production, environmental, and consumer goals. Applications of precision technologies have been limited in extensive systems such as rangelands due to lack of infrastructure, electrical power, communication, and durability. However, advancements in technology have helped to overcome many of these challenges. Investment in precision technologies is growing within the livestock sector, requiring the need to assess opportunities and challenges associated with implementation to enhance livestock production systems. In this review, precision livestock farming and digital livestock farming are explained in the context of a logical and iterative five-step process to successfully integrate precision livestock measurement and management tools, emphasizing the need for precision system models (PSMs). This five-step process acts as a guide to realize anticipated benefits from precision technologies and avoid unintended consequences. Consequently, the synthesis of precision livestock and modeling examples and key case studies help highlight past challenges and current opportunities within confined and extensive systems. Successfully developing PSM requires appropriate model(s) selection that aligns with desired management goals and precision technology capabilities. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the entire system to ensure that precision technology integration achieves desired goals while remaining economically and managerially sustainable. Achieving long-term success using precision technology requires the next generation of animal scientists to obtain additional skills to keep up with the rapid pace of technology innovation. Building workforce capacity and synergistic relationships between research, industry, and managers will be critical. As the process of precision technology adoption continues in more challenging and harsh, extensive systems, it is likely that confined operations will benefit from required advances in precision technology and PSMs, ultimately strengthening the benefits from precision technology to achieve short- and long-term goals.  相似文献