Research has shown that fresh fish is an extremely perishable food as compared to other food commodities. In this study, quality deterioration during storage of golden grey mullet (GGM) iced for 0, 6, and 12 h after landing was monitored. Microbiological indices (total viable count, TVC; psychrophilic counts, PTC; lactic acid bacteria, LAB; and Enterobacteriaceae counts, EBC), chemical parameters (pH; total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid, TBA; and free fatty acids, FFA) values increased over the preicing duration. Delayed icing did not lead to significant increases (p > 0.05) in TVC, PTC, LAB, and EBC throughout the period of storage. All chemical indices increased during storage (p < 0.05). This study showed that sensorial analysis of GGM correlated well with microbiological analysis. Results of this study based on the microbiological and raw fish sensorial data indicated that the shelf life of GGM stored in ice immediately after catch was approximately 10–11 days, while the 6- and 12-h delays in icing shortened the shelf life to approximately 6–7 and 2–3 days, respectively. 相似文献
Essential oil content and concentration of anise plant planted in different times under various sources of nitrogen was evaluated in this study. The experiment was conducted in a split plot based on a randomized complete block (RCB) design (different sources of fertilizer as the main plot and planting dates as subplots) with three replications in the Agricultural Research Station at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2015–2016. Treatments included: planting times (sub plot factor): (27th of October, 27th of November, 1st of March, 10th of March, and 8th of April) and nutritional sources (main plot factor): (Cow Manure, Chemical Fertilizer, and mixture of Cow Manure + Chemical Fertilizer). The results showed that the anise plant essential oil qualitative characteristics were significantly influenced by treatments. Also, interaction between the fertilizer treatments and planting dates on the essential oil content and concentration of the plants were significant. The highest percentage of plant essential oil (3.71%) was found in the cow manure treatment, and the lowest percentage of essential oil (2.95%) was obtained in the chemical fertilizer. The highest essential oil yield (16.09 kg/ha) was found in the mixed treatment of the cow manure and the chemical fertilizer, and the chemical fertilizer treatment had the lowest rate of essential oil yield (11.41 kg/ha). The highest percentages of the plant oil (14.31%) and the plant oil yield (77.46 kg/ha) were found in the integrated treatment of the cow manure and the chemical fertilizers. The lowest amounts of the plant oil (12.19%) and the plant oil yield (41.28 kg/ha) were found in the chemical fertilizer. According to the percentage and the yield of the essential oil, the best planting time and fertilizer treatment was the one on 10th of March and using integrated cow manure and chemical fertilizer. 相似文献
This study evaluated the effects of iron oxide (Fe2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) on two wheat genotypes (Kavir and Tajan) at three levels (0, 75, and 150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)) of salinity. Spray treatments included two forms of normal and nanoparticles of Fe2O3 and ZnO, a mixture of nanoparticles of Fe2O3 and ZnO (2 g L?1) and a non-spray treatment. The pot experiment was arranged as factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two forms of Fe2O3 and ZnO significantly accelerated plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, and the concentration of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in comparison with non-spray treatment. The highest plant height and leaf Fe concentration belonged to Fe2O3 nanoparticles; however, it seems that the spray of nanoparticles may not be superior compared with normal forms in alleviation of salinity impacts. 相似文献
The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in seawater, sediment, and Rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata collected from four sampling sites in the inter-tidal areas of Bushehr province. The total concentrations of 14 PAHs varied
from 1.5 to 3.6 ng/L in seawater, 41.7 to 227.5 ng/g dry weight in surface sediment, and 126 to 226.1 ng/g dry weight in oyster
tissue. In comparing PAH concentrations among the three matrices in Bushehr province, data showed that the pattern of individual
PAHs in seawater, oyster, and sediment were different. The oysters tended to accumulate the lower molecular weight and the
more water-soluble PAHs. Sediment samples were distinguished from the sea water and oyster samples by the presence of high
molecular weight PAHs, especially six-ring PAHs. Three- and four-ring PAHs were the most abundant compounds among the 14 PAHs
investigated in surface seawater, sediment, and oyster samples. As expected, differences in octanol/water partition coefficient
among individual PAHs and the greater persistence of the higher molecular weight PAHs contributed to the accumulation patterns
in oyster and sediment. The results of the study suggested that the main sources of PAHs in the seawater and sediment in the
region were mixed pyrolitic and petrogenic inputs. 相似文献
Samples of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) grown in Malaysia were examined to determine the kraft pulp and papermaking properties of their bast (or bark) fibers. Using kraft pulping process showed that bast fibers were relatively easy to cook resulting good pulp yields in the range of 45–51%. The bast pulp produced sheets with great density, tear index and dry zero-span breaking length. Kenaf bast fiber is considered promising for production of high-grade printing, writing and specialty papers. 相似文献
This study aimed to evaluate color Doppler sonographic findings in carotid arteries in RA patients under pharmacological treatments and to compare them with normal population. Forty nine patients with late RA and 48 healthy age and sex-matched controls were recruited. The two groups were matched for other known risk factors of atherosclerosis including serum lipid abnormalities, smoking status, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. High resolution B-mode color Doppler ultrasound with a 7 MHZ transducer was used for measuring the Common Carotid Intima-Medial Thickness (CCIMT) in both sides in all subjects. Presence of atherosclerotic plaque was also investigated. The mean left and maximum CCIMT was significantly higher in the case group (0.72 vs. 0.62 mm for the left artery; p < 0.01; 0.72 vs. 0.64 mm for the maximum reading; p = 0.01). No atherosclerotic plaque was found in common carotid arteries. There were 3 (6.1), 7 (14.3) and 9 (18.4%) plaques in left internal carotid artery, right carotid bulb and left carotid bulb in the case group, respectively with no atherosclerotic plaques in the controls (p = 0.24, 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively). Comparing the findings by gender in the case group with the controls, the mentioned significant differences were only between the male patients and the controls. The process of atherosclerosis in RA patients is similar to that in normal population. However, it is apparently accelerated and more advanced in these patients. 相似文献
AbstractOptimisation of water and nitrogen use is an effective management tool to conserve resources and reduce environmental pollutions. Response surface methodology (RSM) is defined as a collection of mathematical and statistical methods that are used to develop, to improve or to optimize a product or process. In order to determine optimum levels of water, nitrogen and planting density of canola (Brassica napus L.), a 2-year experiment (2010–2011) was carried out by central composite design as RSM at the research station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The treatments were designed based on low and high levels of irrigation (1500 and 4000 m3 ha?1), nitrogen (0 and 400 kg N ha?1) and density (50 and 150 plant m?2) as independent variables. Furthermore, seed yield, nitrogen losses, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured as response variables in a full quadratic polynomial model. Optimum levels of irrigation, nitrogen and planting density were suggested to achieve the target range of dependent variables based on three scenarios: economic, environmental and eco-environmental. The results showed that increasing irrigation and fertilizer led to an increase in seed yield and nitrogen losses, whereas increasing canola density resulted in an increase in seed yield but a decrease in nitrogen losses. The optimum levels of water, fertilizer and density based on environmental scenario were 1802 m3 ha?1, 11 kg N ha?1 and 122 plant m?2, respectively. To achieve optimum conditions under the economic scenario, it is necessary to use 3411 m3 water ha?1, 178 kg N ha?1 and 119 plant m?2. Amounts of 2347 m3 water ha?1, 92 kg N ha?1 and 114 plant m?2 were found to be the optimum conditions for the eco-environmental scenario. In general, it seems that resource use based on the eco-environmental scenario may be the most favorable cropping strategy for canola production. 相似文献
This study aimed to characterize nanoparticles loaded with clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil-based polyethylene glycol (PEG) and to know their insecticidal activity against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). The nanoparticles have irregular shapes in good dispersion. The nanoformulation could not enhance clove oil contact toxicity to T. castaneum, but could protect the oil from degradation and evaporation while simultaneously allowing sustained release, as indicated by the continued high toxicity for 16 weeks of storage. 相似文献
The two-location field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Thiobacillus and different levels of sulfur fertilizer on growth and physiological indices in the replacement intercropping of sesame and mung bean. A factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design in 3 replications in 2018. The experimental factors consisted of cropping ratio at five levels: 1. sesame sole cropping, 2. mung bean sole cropping, 3. 75% sesame +25% mung bean (3:1), 4. 50% sesame +50% mung bean (1:1), 5. 25% sesame +75% mung bean (1:3). Sulfur fertilizer was used at three levels: control level (S0), 50% of recommended amount (S1), 100% of recommended amount (S2). Thiobacillus bacteria was used at two levels: T0 and T1. The results showed that growth indices chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, biological yield, and grain yield of sesame and mung bean were significantly affected by the studied treatments. The highest growth indices, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, biological yield and grain yield of sesame were obtained by the 3:1 ratio. For the mung bean, the highest growth indices, chlorophyll a, biological yield, grain yield were obtained by mung bean sole cropping and the highest chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were obtained by the 1:1 ratio. Also, sulfur fertilizer, 100% of the recommended amount, increased all studied indices in both plants except for chlorophyll a in sesame. Interaction effects of cropping ratio and location on growth indices, grain biological yield, chlorophyll a of sesame and mung bean were significant.