Droplet-vitrification cryotherapy and thermotherapy as efficient tools for the eradication of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus and apple stem grooving virus from virus-infected quince in vitro cultures     

Farhadi-Tooli  Sakineh  Ghanbari  Alireza  Kermani  Maryam Jafarkhani  Zeinalabedini  Mehrshad  Bettoni  Jean Carlos  Naji  Amir Mohammad  Kazemi  Nooshin 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(1):31-43

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Viral diseases affect quince plant productivity and fruit quality. This study evaluated the effectiveness of droplet-vitrification cryotherapy and...  相似文献   

Weed infestation is affected by chickpea farmer demographics and agronomic practices     

Alireza Bagheri  Naser Sohrabi  Farzad Mondani  Iraj Nosratti 《Weed Research》2021,61(1):45-54

To investigate the effects of agronomic practices and farmer demographics on levels of weed infestation in chickpea fields, a survey was conducted during 2015 in Sanjabi district, Kermanshah, Iran. Two sets of data were collected: (a) weed sampling from the selected chickpea fields, and (b) questionnaire recording of farmer demographics and agronomic management. The farmers were asked about their residence status (resident or migrant), occupation (farming only, farming plus a second job), experience and education levels, as well as seedbed preparation, sowing date and method, source of seed supply, crop cultivar, sowing seed rate, weed control operation and crop rotation history. The results showed that weed species composition was similar across the studied fields. The use of a row crop planter, a sowing rate of 45 kg ha^‐1, and weed control resulted in 30.2, 23.03 and 34.2% reductions in weed infestation compared with hand sowing, a sowing rate of 30 kg ha^‐1 and lack of weed control, respectively. Weed density decreased with increasing farmer experience and decreased by 33.0% and 23.5% in chickpea fields of resident farmers and owners whose sole occupation was agriculture. We found that 89.5% of the most experienced farmers adopted weed control operations and most resident landowners (77.4%) opted for crop planter (77.4%) and weed control (90.3%) compared to migrant farmers (50 and 68.5%, respectively). More landowners who were exclusively farmers performed weed control (90.6%) than owners who had a second job (67.9%).  相似文献   

Effect of performed operations management on the amount of sediment production in natural forests     

Seyed Armin Hashemi  Alireza Eslami  Sahar Tabibian 《中国林学(英文版)》2013,15(3):214-221

The present study on the sediment production in natural forests was carried out on an 13,284 ha area,ocated in Guilan Province, in the north of Iran. This area is under intensive management. We first analyzed the physi- sal factors of the area. Then, the amount of road construction, afforestation and harvested wood volume, as well as the harvesting method in the region were determined for the years between 1993 and 2010. The results show that the aver- age annual amount of sediment production in the entire region, over this 18-year period, has increased annually at a rate of 3.54 t.km-2 （R2 = 0.56） at a confidence level of 95%. Operations management and management methods used in ：his forest area has affected the amount of sediment production. Clear cutting and extensive harvesting methods in the region caused an increase in the amount of sediment production, as indicated by a coefficient of determination of 0.71, mplying that forest management may be considered effective and in harmony with the environment.  相似文献   

Effect of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lep: Pyralidae) and identification of its major derivatives     

Elham Yazdani  Jalal Jalali Sendi  Alireza Aliakbar  Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013

The major constituents of the oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill were estimated as borneoll (8.57%), alpha terpinene (6.22%), linolool (4.91%) geranyl proprionate (3.76%), butanoic acid hexyl ester (2.99%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.72%). LC₁₀, LC₃₀ and LC₅₀ were estimated as 0.31%, 0.705% and 1.24% respectively. The sublethal concentration (LC₃₀) of essential oil affected the nutritional indices of 4th instar larvae of Glyphodes pyloalis. The essential oil reduced total protein, carbohydrate and lipid when compared with the control. All concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of essential oil affected the major macromolecules and activities of key enzyme in G. pyloalis.  相似文献   

Effects of Phosphate Dip Treatment on Quality of Rutilus frisii kutum Fillets During Ice Storage     

Yasaman Etemadian  Alireza Sadeghi Mahoonak  Ali Shabani 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):449-459

The use of polyphosphates as a partial replacement of salt in different meat products to improve water holding capacity yield and retard oxidative rancidity has been noticed for many years. Therefore, in this study, effects of polyphosphates dip treatment in 5% solution with three different compounds of phosphate—including tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and a mixture of them on kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fillets stored in ice was investigated for 18 days. Phosphate pretreatments showed desirable modal effects on fillets. In particular, the use of TSPP and the mixture of TSPP and STPP solutions were found to delay the fish fillet color changes and improved textural characteristics. An increase in water holding capacity accompanied with a decrease in hardness was observed in samples pretreated with polyphosphates. In total, the results indicated that dipping kutum fillets in polyphosphates solution was the most effective method to improve the quality properties of fillets during ice storage when compared with other phosphate-treated groups.  相似文献   

Genetic identity and relationships of Iranian apple (Malus?×?domestica Borkh.) cultivars and landraces, wild Malus species and representative old apple cultivars based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis     

Ali Gharghani  Zabihollah Zamani  Alireza Talaie  Nnadozie C. Oraguzie  Reza Fatahi  Hassan Hajnajari  Claudia Wiedow  Susan E. Gardiner 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(6):829-842

In order to shed light on the role of Iran in apple evolution and domestication, we chose to investigate the relationships of a collection of 159 accessions of wild and domesticated apples including Iranian indigenous apple cultivars and landraces, selected wild species, and old apple scion and rootstock cultivars from different parts of the world. The majority of the wild species belonged to M. sieversii, which is widely believed to be the main maternal wild ancestor of domestic apples, from Kazakhstan and M. orientalis, which is one of the probable minor ancestors of domestic apples, from Turkey and Russia located on the east and west of Iran, respectively. The accessions were assigned into six arbitrary populations for the purpose of generating information on genetic parameters. Nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci selected from previous studies in apple were screened over DNA extracted from all the accessions. Results showed that all SSR loci displayed a very high degree of polymorphism with 11–25 alleles per locus. In total, there were 153 alleles across all loci with an average of 17 alleles per locus. The SSR allelic data were then used for estimation of population genetic parameters, including genetic variation statistics, F-statistics, gene flow, genetic identity, genetic distance and then cluster analysis using POPGENE 1.32 software. The F-statistics and gene flow in particular, showed that there was more intra-population than between population variation. The genetic identity and genetic distance estimates, and the dendrogram generated from the un-weighted pair group arithmetic average (UPGMA) method of cluster analysis showed that the Iranian cultivars and landraces were more closely related to M. sieversii from Central Asia (east of Iran) and M. orientalis native to Turkey and Russia than to other accessions of Malus species. Also, the old apple cultivars from different parts of the world have a closer genetic relationship to M. sieversii, M. orientalis and the Iranian apples, than to other wild species. Based on these results, we suggest that the Iranian apples may occupy an intermediate position between the domesticated varieties and wild species. We propose that Iran could be one of the major players in apples’ domestication and transfer from Central Asia to the western countries.  相似文献   

Influence of superabsorbent polymer rates on growth of saffron replacement corms     

Hamid-Reza Fallahi  Gholamreza Zamani  Mokhadereh Mehrabani  Mahsa Aghhavani-Shajari  Alireza Samadzadeh 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(1):77-84

Mother corm size is the most important factor for production of replacement corms, flower, and stigma yield in saffron. In semi-arid regions, water shortage is a deterrent agent for appropriate corm growth of saffron. Therefore, in this experiment the effects of six levels of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) including 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kg ha^-1 was investigated on growth indices of replacement corms of saffron. For this purpose, an experiment was evaluated at the research farm of the Saffron Research Group, Sarayan Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran, during 2013-2015. Results showed that SAP application did not considerable effect on corm growth indices in the first life cycle of saffron. Nevertheless, consumption of 30-40 kg ha^-1 SAP somewhat improved the number and total weight of replacement corms per clone. In the second life cycle of saffron, the positive impact of SAP was clearly observed on the growth of replacement corms. The application of 40 kg ha^-1 SAP increased the amount of number of replacement corms per clone by 13%, total weight of replacement corms per clone by 36%, and scale weight of corms per clone by 50% compared with control. In addition, the amount of mean weight of replacement corms and mean number of buds per corm in treatment of application of 40 kg ha^-1 SAP were 29 and 27% higher than the control treatment, respectively. SAP application decreased the amount of non-standard (< 8 g) corm production while significantly increased the percentage of corms with standard weight. Overall, the increasing effect of SAP application on corm weight, bud number, and standard corm yield was higher than the number of produced corms per clone. In addition, water-use efficiency in SAP application treatments (6.1 kg standard corm m^-3) was more than the control (4.34 kg m^-3) treatment. In total, SAP application is an appropriate strategy for production of standard saffron corms in semi-arid regions.  相似文献   

Economics of genomic selection: the role of prediction accuracy and relative genotyping costs     

Predrag Rajsic  Alfons Weersink  Alireza Navabi  K. Peter Pauls 《Euphytica》2016,210(2):259-276

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Genetics and molecular mechanisms of resistance to powdery mildews in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its wild relatives     

Alireza Seifi  Dongli Gao  Zheng Zheng  Stefano Pavan  Luigi Faino  Richard G. F. Visser  Anne-Marie A. Wolters  Yuling Bai 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(3):641-665

Powdery mildews (PMs) cause disease in a wide range of plant species including important crops. Taking tomato as an example, here we review findings on the genetic basis and mechanisms of plant resistance to PMs. First, we present a summary of our research on tomato resistance to two PM species, with the focus on Oidium neolycopersici. We discuss the genetics of resistance to this pathogen in tomato. Then, we compare different forms of resistance mediated by different resistance genes based on molecular and cytological data. Also, we provide a comparison between these resistance genes in tomato with those in barley, Arabidopsis and wheat, in order to present a model for the genetic basis of resistance to PMs in plants. We try to accommodate these resistance mechanisms in the current model of plant innate immunity. At the end we discuss possibilities to translate these findings to practical approaches in breeding for resistance to PMs in crops.  相似文献   

Effects of repeated administration of hCG on follicular and luteal characteristics and serum progesterone concentrations in eCG-superovulated Sanjabi ewes     

Hamed Karami Shabankareh  Seyed Behnam Seyedhashemi  Mehran Torki  Hamidreza Kelidari  Alireza Abdolmohammadi 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(8):1865-1871

The objective of this study was to evaluate if treatment of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG)-superovulated Sanjabi ewes with repeated administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) would increase the number of normal corpus luteum (CL) and serum progesterone concentrations and decrease the number of persistent follicles. The superovulated ewes were divided into four groups on day 0 (day of sponge removal); the ewes were treated by an intramuscular administration of 500?IU hCG on day 0 (Group I: n?=?10), on days 0 and 1 (Group II: n?=?10), or on days 0, 1, and 2 (Group III: n?=?10) and no treatment for control group (n?=?10). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 2, 5, and 8 (day of slaughter), and serum progesterone concentrations were determined. According to progesterone concentrations, 50 (4/8) and 0?% of the ewes underwent premature luteal regression in the control group and the hCG groups, respectively. There were more CLs in Group III than in Group II and the control group. Ewes treated with hCG had a greater number of normal-looking CL. CL diameter was significantly greater in Group II and Group III than other groups. Total CL weight was significantly (P?<?0.05) higher in Group III than in Group I and the control group. Number of persistent follicle and persistent follicle diameter were lower in control group compared to the other groups. Eight days after sponge removal, serum progesterone concentration was significantly higher in Group III than in Group I and the control group. The present results indicate that repeated administration of hCG supported CL formation, increased serum progesterone concentration, and prevented premature luteal regression in eCG-superovulated Sanjabi ewes.  相似文献