The global circulation of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses     

Russell CA  Jones TC  Barr IG  Cox NJ  Garten RJ  Gregory V  Gust ID  Hampson AW  Hay AJ  Hurt AC  de Jong JC  Kelso A  Klimov AI  Kageyama T  Komadina N  Lapedes AS  Lin YP  Mosterin A  Obuchi M  Odagiri T  Osterhaus AD  Rimmelzwaan GF  Shaw MW  Skepner E  Stohr K  Tashiro M  Fouchier RA  Smith DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5874):340-346

Antigenic and genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin of approximately 13,000 human influenza A (H3N2) viruses from six continents during 2002-2007 revealed that there was continuous circulation in east and Southeast Asia (E-SE Asia) via a region-wide network of temporally overlapping epidemics and that epidemics in the temperate regions were seeded from this network each year. Seed strains generally first reached Oceania, North America, and Europe, and later South America. This evidence suggests that once A (H3N2) viruses leave E-SE Asia, they are unlikely to contribute to long-term viral evolution. If the trends observed during this period are an accurate representation of overall patterns of spread, then the antigenic characteristics of A (H3N2) viruses outside E-SE Asia may be forecast each year based on surveillance within E-SE Asia, with consequent improvements to vaccine strain selection.  相似文献   

Pseudo-scientific Humbuggery     

Cox CF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1888,12(305):277-278

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HOW TO MOUNT BIRDS WITHOUT REMOVING THE SKELETON     

Cox UO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1892,20(507):227

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The structure of D. radiodurans     

Battista JR  Cox MM  Daly MJ  Narumi I  Radman M  Sommer S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5645):567-8; author reply 567-8

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Tracking antibiotics up the food chain     

Byrd DM  Cox LA  Wilson JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5513):2550

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How to police pollution     

Cox WS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,153(3739):936

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Predicting the evolution of human influenza A     

Bush RM  Bender CA  Subbarao K  Cox NJ  Fitch WM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5446):1921-1925

Eighteen codons in the HA1 domain of the hemagglutinin genes of human influenza A subtype H3 appear to be under positive selection to change the amino acid they encode. Retrospective tests show that viral lineages undergoing the greatest number of mutations in the positively selected codons were the progenitors of future H3 lineages in 9 of 11 recent influenza seasons. Codons under positive selection were associated with antibody combining site A or B or the sialic acid receptor binding site. However, not all codons in these sites had predictive value. Monitoring new H3 isolates for additional changes in positively selected codons might help identify the most fit extant viral strains that arise during antigenic drift.  相似文献   

CRYSTALLIZED VITAMIN C AND HEXURONIC ACID     

Cox GJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1937,86(2241):540-542

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Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology     

Scherer SW  Cheung J  MacDonald JR  Osborne LR  Nakabayashi K  Herbrick JA  Carson AR  Parker-Katiraee L  Skaug J  Khaja R  Zhang J  Hudek AK  Li M  Haddad M  Duggan GE  Fernandez BA  Kanematsu E  Gentles S  Christopoulos CC  Choufani S  Kwasnicka D  Zheng XH  Lai Z  Nusskern D  Zhang Q  Gu Z  Lu F  Zeesman S  Nowaczyk MJ  Teshima I  Chitayat D  Shuman C  Weksberg R  Zackai EH  Grebe TA  Cox SR  Kirkpatrick SJ  Rahman N  Friedman JM  Heng HH  Pelicci PG  Lo-Coco F  Belloni E  Shaffer LG  Pober B  Morton CC  Gusella JF  Bruns GA  Korf BR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5620):767-772

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Soil Test,Aerial Image and Yield Data as Inputs for Site-specific Fertility and Hybrid Management Under Maize     

Antoni Magri  Harold M. Van Es  Michael A. Glos  William J. Cox 《Precision Agriculture》2005,6(1):87-110

Several potential sources of information exist to support precision management of crop inputs. This study evaluated soil test data, bare-soil remote sensing imagery and yield monitor information for their potential contributions to precision management of maize (Zea mays L.). Data were collected from five farmer-managed fields in Central New York in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Geostatistical techniques were used to analyze the spatial structure of soil fertility (pH, P, K, NO₃ and organic matter content) and yield variables (yield, hybrid response and N fertilization response), while remote sensing imagery was processed using principal component analysis. Geographic information system (GIS) spatial data processing and correlation analyses were used to evaluate relationships in the data. Organic matter content, pH, P, and K were highly consistent over time and showed high to moderate levels of spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that grid soil sampling at 2.5–5.5ha scale may be used as a basis for defining fertility management zones. Soil nitrate levels were strongly influenced by seasonal weather conditions and showed low potential for site-specific N management. Aerial image data were correlated to soil organic matter content and in some cases to yield, mainly through the effect of drainage patterns. Aerial image data were not well correlated with soil fertility indicators, and therefore were not useful for defining fertility management zones. Yield response to hybrid selection and nitrogen fertilization rates were highly variable among years, and showed little justification for site-specific management. In conclusion, we recommend grid-based management of lime, P, and K, but no justification existed within our limited study area for site-specific N or hybrid management.  相似文献