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101.
102.
Review of chromatographic methods for chloramphenicol residues in milk, eggs, and tissues from food-producing animals 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
E H Allen 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1985,68(5):990-999
Although chloramphenicol is not approved for use in food-producing animals in the United States, this broad spectrum antibiotic has been widely used to treat diseases in such animals including the lactating dairy cow. Extremely low ophthalmologic doses of chloramphenicol are known to cause aplastic anemia in humans. The residues in meat, milk, and eggs intended for human consumption cause particular public health concern because the bone marrow aplasia is not dose dependent. Furthermore, chloramphenicol, a known inhibitor of protein synthesis, also retards erythropoiesis, a condition that is dose dependent and may cause allergic hypersensitivity reactions. This paper is a review of sensitive methods that use gas, liquid, thin layer, and simple column chromatography as both determinative and cleanup steps for detecting and quantitating chloramphenicol in edible animal tissues, milk, and eggs. 相似文献
103.
104.
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings were exposed to simulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 3.2, 4.3 and 5.6 for two and one-half growing seasons. Ambient rain was excluded from the treatment plots by mobile rain exclusion canopies. Sugar maple seedlings treated with pH 3.2 SAR had significantly higher foliar concentrations of nitrogen, sulphur and manganese, compared to either the pH 4.3 or 5.6 treated seedlings. The pH 3.2 treated seedlings also tended to have greater growth and photosynthetic rates compared to the pH 4.3 and 5.6 treated seedlings. In contrast, the pH 3.2 treated white spruce seedlings tended to have decreased growth and lower foliar potassium concentrations relative to the pH 4.3 and 5.6 treated seedlings. Statistically there were no significant treatment differences in seedling height, seedling diameter, foliar pigments, or photosynthetic rates in either the sugar maple or white spruce seedlings. 相似文献
105.
Samuel C. Allen Shibu Jose P. K. R. Nair Barry J. Brecke Vimala D. Nair Donald A. Graetz Craig L. Ramsey 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(1):28-37
Information on temporal and spatial patterns of N mineralization is critical in designing tree-crop mixed systems that could maximize N uptake while minimizing N loss. We quantified N mineralization rates in a pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)–cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in northwestern Florida with (non-barrier) and without tree-crop belowground interactions (barrier separating the root systems of pecan and cotton). Monthly rates of mineralization were estimated using buried bag incubations over a 15-month period. In addition, seasonal mineralization rates and cotton lint yield on soils supplied with two sources of N—inorganic fertilizer and organic poultry litter—were assessed. Results indicated that temporal variations in net NH4 and NO3 accumulation and mineralization rates were driven primarily by environmental factors and to a lesser degree by initial soil NH4 and NO3 levels. Mineralization varied by belowground interaction treatment during the initial growing season, when the non-barrier treatment exhibited a higher mineralization rate than the barrier treatment, likely due to reduced nutrient uptake by cotton in the non-barrier or a higher degree of immobilization in the barrier treatment. Mineralization during the second growing season was similar for both treatments. Source of N had no effects on N transformation in the soil. Lint yield reductions were observed in the non-barrier treatment during both years compared to the barrier treatment, likely due to interspecific competition for water. Yield differences between treatments in the second growing season were likely compounded by a diminishing pre-study fallow effect. Source of N was found to have a significant effect on cotton yield, with inorganic fertilizer resulting in 39% higher lint compared to poultry litter in the barrier treatment. 相似文献
106.
Doucet D Otter DE Gauthier SF Foegeding EA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(21):6300-6308
Extensive hydrolysis of whey protein isolate by Alcalase was shown to induce gelation mainly via hydrophobic interactions. The aim of this work was to characterize the peptides released in order to better understand this phenomenon. The apparent molecular mass distribution indicated that aggregates were formed by small molecular mass peptides (<2000 Da). One hundred and thirty peptides with various lengths were identified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Alcalase was observed to have a high specificity for aromatic (Phe, Trp, and Tyr), acidic (Glu), sulfur-containing (Met), aliphatic (Leu and Ala), hydroxyl (Ser), and basic (Lys) residues. Most peptides had an average hydrophobicity of 1-1.5 kcal/residue and a net charge of 0 at the pH at which gelation occurred (6.0). Therefore, an intermolecular attractive force such as hydrophobic interaction suggests the formation of aggregates that further leads to the formation of a gel. 相似文献
107.
A fully automated rain exclusion canopy system has been designed and constructed to study the impact of simulated acid rain on the growth and yield of agricultural crops. The system consists of three, mobile greenhouse shelters which exclude ambient rainfall and apply simulated acid rain (SAR) treatments to crops established in field plots. All aspects of the field system are controlled by a microcomputer and data acquisition system. In addition, elevated ambient levels of gaseous pollutants (e.g. O3, SO2, NOx) are reduced in field plots via an air exclusion system consisting of large blowers, potassium permanganate-treated alumina filters and perforated polyethylene tubes. Gaseous pollutants can be injected into the treatment plots via the blowers. 相似文献
108.
Nathan?C.?HealeyEmail author Ayse?Irmak Timothy?J.?Arkebauer David?P.?Billesbach John?D.?Lenters Kenneth?G.?Hubbard Richard?G.?Allen Jeppe?Kjaersgaard 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2011,25(3):151-178
Water consumed through evapotranspiration (ET) impacts local and regional hydrologic regimes on various spatial and temporal
scales. Estimating ET in the Great Plains is a prerequisite for effective regional water resource management of the Ogallala
(High Plains) Aquifer, which supplies vital water resources in the form of irrigation for extensive agricultural production.
The Sand Hills region of Nebraska is one of the largest grass-stabilized eolian (windblown) sand dune formations in the world,
with an area of roughly 50,000–60,000 km2 that supports a system of five major land cover types: (1) lakes, (2) wetlands (with lakes, ~5%), (3) subirrigated meadows
(water table is within ~1 m of surface; ~10%), (4) dry valleys (water table is 1–10 m below surface; ~20%), and (5) upland
dunes (water table is more than 10 m below surface; ~65%). Fully understanding the hydrologic regime of these different ecosystems
is a fundamental challenge in regional water resource assessment. The surface energy and water balances were analyzed using
Bowen Ratio Energy Balance Systems (BREBS) at three locations: (1) a meadow, (2) a valley, and (3) an upland dune. Measurement
of the energy budget by BREBS, in concert with Landsat remote sensing image processing for 2004 reveals strong spatial gradients
between sites in latent heat flux that are associated with undulating topographic relief. We find that daily estimates of
ET from BREBS measurements and remote sensing agree well, with an uncertainty within 1 mm, which is encouraging when applying
remote sensing results across such a broad spatial scale and undulating topography. 相似文献
109.
Alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase: localization in renal microbodies 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Differential and density equilibrium centrifugation have established the presence of alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase in microbodies of the kidney of the rat. The enzyme has been demonstrated in cells of the distal convoluted tubule by a microscopic cytochemical method. This enzyme, like certain others in microbodies, produces hydrogen peroxide. 相似文献
110.
Allen GJ Chu SP Schumacher K Shimazaki CT Vafeados D Kemper A Hawke SD Tallman G Tsien RY Harper JF Chory J Schroeder JI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5488):2338-2342
Cytosolic calcium oscillations control signaling in animal cells, whereas in plants their importance remains largely unknown. In wild-type Arabidopsis guard cells abscisic acid, oxidative stress, cold, and external calcium elicited cytosolic calcium oscillations of differing amplitudes and frequencies and induced stomatal closure. In guard cells of the V-ATPase mutant det3, external calcium and oxidative stress elicited prolonged calcium increases, which did not oscillate, and stomatal closure was abolished. Conversely, cold and abscisic acid elicited calcium oscillations in det3, and stomatal closure occurred normally. Moreover, in det3 guard cells, experimentally imposing external calcium-induced oscillations rescued stomatal closure. These data provide genetic evidence that stimulus-specific calcium oscillations are necessary for stomatal closure. 相似文献