Does the definition of the Mediterranean diet need to be updated?     

Serra-Majem L  Trichopoulou A  Ngo de la Cruz J  Cervera P  García Alvarez A  La Vecchia C  Lemtouni A  Trichopoulos D;International Task Force on the Mediterranean Diet 《Public health nutrition》2004,7(7):927-929

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Family Dairy Farms in Galicia (N.W. Spain): Classification by Some Family and Farm Factors Relevant to Quality of Life     

F. Maseda  F. Díaz  C. Alvarez 《Biosystems Engineering》2004,87(4):509-521

A survey of 103 family dairy farms in Galicia (N.W. Spain) collected information on 94 variables (78 quantitative, 16 qualitative) belonging to seven groups dealing with the location of the farm, family structure, sources of income, production variables, characteristics of the farm house (‘housing quality’), characteristics of the complex comprising farm house and farm buildings (the ‘central area’), and the characteristics and proximity to the farm house of the routes used for transit of cattle, fodder, slurry, etc. Following elimination of redundant variables, principal components analysis identified four factors accounting for about 40% of the total variance: three dominated each by a single a priori group (house–farm separation, central area, and housing quality), and one (production capacity) that combined production and source-of-income variables. Using these factors, the farms studied were subjected to hierarchical clustering by means of the Ward aggregation strategy, and a typology was established accordingly. Finally, guidelines for the design and improvement of farm installations and housing on Galician family dairy farms are sketched.  相似文献   

Profitability and Production Requirements for Land Use Allocation of Farming and Forestry Land     

J.A. Riveiro  C.J. Alvarez  J.M. Pereira  D. Miranda 《Biosystems Engineering》2005,90(4):477

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Intra- and interpopulation diversity for HMW glutenin subunits in Spanish spelt wheat   总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1  

L. Caballero  L.M. Martin  J.B. Alvarez 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(2):175-181

The diversity of HMW glutenin subunits in spelt wheat, Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta, was studied electrophoretically in 333 accessions grouped in 50 populations originally collected from Asturias, North of Spain, in 1939. The inter- and intra-population distribution of HMW glutenin alleles at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci were investigated. The results show that the genetic variation in HMW glutenin subunits is mainly present within populations, being the variation between populations only 21%. The materials analysed showed a wide polymorphism for the HMW glutenin subunits, although some allelic variants were clearly dominant. This suggests the possibility of a loss of variability before the collection that could have increased with the subsequent reduction of the cultivation area of this species in this Spanish region.  相似文献   

The dispersal of Culicoides brevitarsis in eastern New South Wales and associations with the occurrences of arbovirus infections in cattle     

AL BISHOP  PD KIRKLAND†  HJ MCKENZIE  IM BARCHIA 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(5):174-178

Distributions of the vector Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) (determined from light trap data) and 2 arboviruses (determined from seroconversions in sentinel cattle) were studied in eastern New South Wales in 1993–94. C brevitarsis was recorded progressively from endemic areas on the north coast, to Nowra on the south coast, and westward to Scone, in the Hunter Valley. C brevitarsis also survived through winter at Paterson, in the Hunter Valley. Its apparently focal reappearance in this marginal area had no obvious effect on the broad pattern of its progression or the dispersal of Akabane and bluetongue viruses. These viruses were first recorded from foci near Coffs Harbour, on the mid-north coast. Their first occurrences at different locations were associated with those of C brevitarsis, but not with each other. The viruses were found only within the recorded limits of the vector's distribution. Delays between the initial occurrence of C brevitarsis and first evidence of virus transmissions at locations ranged from 2 to 7 months. The delays decreased away from the points of focus and were negatively associated with the time of initial occurrence of the vector. Seroconversions to the viruses were related to the presence of C brevitarsis. However, the densities of C brevitarsis had no apparent effect on the initial numbers of cattle seroconverting to either virus. The results support the conclusion that the progressions of C brevitarsis and Akabane and bluetongue viruses were the result of gradual movements by the vector.  相似文献   

Scrapie: recent trends     

IM PARSONSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(5):383-387

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The Neocortex of the Dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I. Salazar    P. Ruiz  Pesini  P. Fdez.  Troconiz  J. Gonzalez  Soriano P. Fdez.  Alvarez 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1988,17(2):169-187

This article describes the structural organization of the neocortex of the dog from purely morphological point of view. Series of 50 urn transverse sections were cut from the frozen right hemiencephala of adult greyhounds, stained by N issl's method, and drawn. His's method was then used to construct life-size lateral, dorsal and medial views of the hemiencephalon from 38 sections located at regular intervals. Once the cytoarchitectonic criteria to be used had been established on the basis of preliminary observations, all the sections of each hemiencephalon were examined microscopically and the cytoarchitectonic types observed in each mapped on the corresponding drawing. These maps were then projected onto lateral, dorsal and medial views of the whole hemiencephalon to produce a classical cytoarchitectonic map of the neocortex made up of 21 types, 7 of them agranular (with no inner granular layer), 2 dysgranular (with a granular layer with diffuse boundans) and the rest granular (with a well-defined layer IV). Various areas of cortex whose characteristics were intermediate between those of adjoinin areas were classified in a residual typus intermedius.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and high-oleic sunflower oil on performance and egg quality in laying hens     

Alvarez C  García-Rebollar P  Cachaldora P  Méndez J  de Blas JC 《British poultry science》2005,46(1):80-86

(1) Laying hen performance, yolk fatty acid (FA) concentrations, sensory quality and firmness of eggs were evaluated with respect to the inclusion in the diet of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and high-oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO). (2) Nine diets were arranged factorially, with three concentrations of CIA (0, 1 and 2 g/kg) and HOSO (10, 20 and 30 g/kg). (3) Type of diet did not affect egg production traits. (4) Dietary addition of CLA decreased yolk lipid content and yolk lipid concentrations of monounsaturated FA, C(20:4 n-6) and C(22:6 n-3), but increased those of CLA and saturated FA. (5) Dietary addition of HOSO increased monounsaturated FA concentrations in the yolk lipid but decreased those of CLA and saturated FA. (6) CLA supplementation increased yolk moisture and firmness and impaired the sensory quality of eggs. (7) An interaction between CLA and HOSO addition was found as effects of CLA addition on yolk lipid CLA concentrations and egg quality traits were smaller when the amount of HOSO in the diet increased. (8) Regression equations have been calculated in order to predict yolk CLA and C(18:1), concentration from dietary composition, and yolk firmness from yolk FA composition.  相似文献   

In vitro effect of classical swine fever virus on a porcine aortic endothelial cell line     

Campos E  Revilla C  Chamorro S  Alvarez B  Ezquerra A  Domínguez J  Alonso F 《Veterinary research》2004,35(6):625-633

The effect of classical swine fever (CSF) virus on some phenotypic and functional features of an established porcine aortic endothelial cell (AOC) line was investigated. AOC cells show most of the characteristics of primary endothelial cells, avoiding the alterations and senescence that these cells undergo after a few passages in culture. AOC cells were susceptible to CSF virus infection to a high degree, reaching 90% of CSF virus positive cells after 24 h of infection; however as with other porcine susceptible cells, no cytopathic effect could be observed. In these conditions none of the surface molecules studied, including SLA-II MHC antigens, adhesion or co-stimulatory molecules, were altered by virus infection after 24 or 48 h. Functionally CSF virus infection induced a decrease in the pro-coagulant activity of the AOC cells, determined by the increase in the clot formation time shown by the lysates of these cells. This contrasts with the increase observed in the expression of mRNA corresponding to IL-1 alpha and IL-6, two proinflammatory and pro-coagulant cytokines, in CSF virus-infected AOC cells.  相似文献   

Horizontal Maedi-Visna virus (MVV) infection in adult dairy-sheep raised under varying MVV-infection pressures investigated by ELISA and PCR   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Leginagoikoa I  Daltabuit-Test M  Alvarez V  Arranz J  Juste RA  Amorena B  de Andrés D  Luján LL  Badiola JJ  Berriatua E 《Research in veterinary science》2006,80(2):235-241

A three year long experimental study was carried out to investigate horizontal MVV-infection by PCR and ELISA, in 191 one year-old latxa dairy-sheep raised in two separate groups under low and high MVV-infection pressure, respectively. Sheep originated from a previous MVV-transmission study in lambs and seroprevalence among one year-old sheep in both groups was 15% approximately. The high infection-pressure group (H-group) consisted of 147 replacement ewes that joined a milk-producing, housed dairy-flock with 42-66% MVV-seroprevalence and the low infection-pressure group (L-group) were castrated males raised in a separate shed. In contrast to results obtained when infection was investigated in lambs, the overall degree of agreement between ELISA and PCR results was very good and there was some indication that it increased further as sheep became older. MVV-prevalence did not change in the L-group and increased to 57% in three year-old sheep in the H-group (p<0.001). Random effects logistic regression confirmed seroconversion was significantly higher in the H-group compared to the L-group and was highest during the year after the sheep were introduced in the dairy flock and did not increase with age as in previous studies using less sensitive antibody assays. The evidence that horizontal transmission can be very low in spite of prolonged close contact between infected and non-infected sheep is valuable for MVV-control purposes. Furthermore it highlights the need to investigate virus excretion dynamics in infected animals and animal to animal transmission to improve our overall understanding of horizontal MVV transmission in MVV endemic populations.  相似文献