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71.
J. Albaladejo Montoro J. Alvarez Rogel J. Querejeta E. Díaz V. Castillo 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2000,11(4):315-325
Erosion control at low–medium radioactive waste disposal sites is an important concern. A study was carried out in El Cabril (Córdoba, Spain) on two 40 per cent anthropic steep slopes in order to test the effectiveness of hydro‐seeding techniques for controlling soil erosion. Two groups of 10 m × 3 m plots were established. The treatments tested were: hydro‐seeding with the application of vegetal mulch (VM); hydro‐seeding with added humic acids (HA); hydro‐seeding with vegetal mulch and humic acids added (VM + HA); and a control without hydro‐seeding or soil amendment (C). Fifteen run‐off producing rainfall events were recorded during the study period, with intensities ranging between 2 mm h−1 and 33·6 mm h−1. All treatments significantly reduced runoff and soil loss (p < 0·05). The VM+HA treatment was the most effective, reducing 98·5 per cent of total soil loss. The HA treatment (97·1 per cent reduction) was also more effective than the VM treatment (94·8 per cent reduction). A great reduction in runoff and sediment yield was observed in the treated plots during the first stages after hydro‐seeding. This result may be attributed to the combined effect of: (a) the protection against raindrop impact due to the application of straw and mulch to the soil surface, and (b) a general improvement in the soil's structure brought by the organic amendments. Seven months after hydro‐seeding, an increase in the density of the plant cover could be added to the beneficial effects mentioned above. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
72.
73.
Eurasian Soil Science - Soil aggregates are key elements of soil structure that play an important role in several soil processes. One of the major factors that affect soil structure are the... 相似文献
74.
Josefina Luisa De Paepe Alfredo Angel Bono Roberto Alvarez 《Arid Land Research and Management》2018,32(2):133-148
Soil available water capacity (AWC) is an important factor affecting soil productivity in semiarid and subhumid environments and is mainly determined by the soil textural composition. As the soils of these environments usually present fairly uniform textures across depth, we hypothesized that it would be possible to accurately estimate the whole-profile AWC using surface information. Our objective was to test this hypothesis in the Argentine Semiarid Pampas. Information was collected from 152 sites where AWC was measured in 20?cm layers up to a depth of 140?cm or up to the upper limit of the petrocalcic horizon, when present. In each case, whole profile AWC was estimated using a one-step and a two-step approach, comparing multiple regression and artificial neural networks as modeling techniques. Both modeling methods were effective (R2?>?0.76, P?0.05), however the former was chosen as no special software is required to run it, thus favoring simplicity. Models showed a strong interaction between surface AWC and soil depth and a simple nomogram was developed to estimate whole-profile AWC. Sampling and laboratory efforts should be significantly reduced using the model proposed in this paper. 相似文献
75.
Iratzio Lemus Carlos Maldonado Gerard Cuzon Adolfo Sanchez Gabriela Gaxiola Alfonso Alvarez Martha Guerrero 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(1):205-215
The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the ingredients was evaluated for Centropomus undecimalis juveniles. The in vitro experiment included wheat gluten (WG), corn gluten (CG), soybean meal (SBM) and pretreated phytase (SBM + phytase), soy protein concentrate (SPC), canola meal (CAN) and pretreated phytase (CAN + phytase), poultry byproduct meal (PBPM), chicken meal (CHKM), dried whey (DW), Pota meal (PM: mix of giant squid, fish soluble protein concentrate, crustacean meal, and fish oil), and Protiblend (PTB: aquatic and render mix). The highest acidic DH occurred with PTB (0.38 ± 0.06), CHKM (0.33 ± 0.3), and PBPM (0.25 ± 0.03). In the alkaline condition, PTB (1.6 ± 0.17 and 0.98 ± 0.05 for pyloric caeca and intestine, respectively) and CG (1.04 ± 0.4 and 0.75 ± 0.2 for caeca and intestine, respectively) provided the highest DH values. In vitro digestibility demonstrated that PTB was the highest (85.3%) followed by PBPM (51.4%), CAN + phytase (47.6%), CG (45.1%), and CHKM (46.5%). The in vivo experiment concerned the WG, CHKM, PBPM, PM, and PTB diets plus a reference diet with fishmeal (Ref diet). The total %DH was different (P < 0.05) with the lowest values for the WG diet (0.34 ± 0.09%) and Ref diet (0.34 ± 0.15). Free amino acid released during digestion was displayed for these diets and a bifactorial analysis produced no difference (P > 0.05). The apparent digestive coefficients ranged from 89.8 to 92.9% for protein and from 68 to 71.4% for energy. 相似文献
76.
Active fractions of organic matter have been proposed as early indices of changes in soil organic carbon (organic-C) induced by management. We performed a meta-analysis of published results from 31 field experiments conducted in the Pampas in which tillage and rotation effects on organic-C, microbial biomass carbon (microbial-C), light fraction carbon (light-C), particulate carbon (particulate-C) and basal respiration (mineralized-C) were assessed. We compared the changes of organic-C and the four active fractions between management treatments sampled at the same date and depth within each experiment. Pooling all the experiments, active fractions-C varied on average 1.2- to 3.0-fold more than organic-C, depending on the fraction considered, but these average changes were significantly greater than organic-C changes only for particulate-C. This later fraction showed to be more sensitive to agricultural practices than organic-C. In experiments in which organic-C changes were lower than 15–25%, the four labile fractions may show opposite trends than organic-C. Above this threshold, changes of active fractions generally copied organic-C changes and were greater. Consequently, the active fractions may be used as indicators of changes in organic-C only when this latter variable has already suffered a huge change. In these cases, it will be easier to simply measure organic-C. 相似文献
77.
78.
Triticum urartu is a wild diploid wheat identified as donor of the A genome in the durum and bread wheats. This species has its natural distribution
zone in the Fertile Crescent. Nine populations from this zone (five Lebanese and four Turkish) were analysed for the variation
in the loci coding of endosperm storage proteins: glutenins (Glu-A
u
1 and Glu-A
u
3) and gliadins (Gli-A
u
1 and Gli-A
u
2). Up to 10 alleles for the Glu-A
u
1 locus, 16 for the Glu-A
u
3 locus, 15 for the Gli-A
u
1 locus and 18 for the Gli-A
u
2 locus were found. The Turkish populations showed greater diversity than the Lebanese populations, distributing mainly within
populations, whereas the inverse process takes place for the Lebanese populations. The values of the genetic diversity indicated
that, although these materials showed high level of variability, exist a real risk of genetic erosion. 相似文献
79.
Alvarez J de Juan L Bezos J Romero B Sáez JL Marqués S Domínguez C Mínguez O Fernández-Mardomingo B Mateos A Domínguez L Aranaz A 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,135(3-4):389-393
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) detection assay is being applied as an ancillary test to tuberculin tests in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis to detect the maximum number of infected animals. Among possible factors influencing the performance of tuberculosis-diagnostic tests, paratuberculosis, a widespread disease in Spain and other European countries, has been pointed out as a cause of false positive reactions. Still, its effect on the sensitivity of these tests in cattle has yet to be fully characterized. The impact of paratuberculosis in the apparent sensitivity of IFN-gamma assay was studied in a bullfighting cattle herd with a mixed tuberculosis-paratuberculosis infection, using culture of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis as the gold standard to determine the infection status of every animal. A total of 218 animals were slaughtered and sampled for bacteriology after blood sampling. IFN-gamma assay showed a lower apparent sensitivity in animals with a mixed infection (50%) compared to all animals suffering tuberculosis (78.3%). This finding indicates that the presence of paratuberculosis in tuberculosis-infected herds could imply a serious impairment in the sensitivity of IFN-gamma detection test. 相似文献
80.
Natalia Borrelli María Fernanda Alvarez Margarita L. Osterrieth Jorge E. Marcovecchio 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(6):983-994