Genetic analysis of Anisakis typica (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from cetaceans of the northeast coast of Brazil: new data on its definitive hosts     

Iñiguez AM  Carvalho VL  Motta MR  Pinheiro DC  Vicente AC 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(3-4):293-299

Prevalence and seasonal variations of helminth infections and their association with morbidity parameters were studied in traditionally reared Cambodian cattle. Four villages in two provinces of West Cambodia were visited on monthly intervals over a period of 11 months, during which 2391 animals were faecal and blood sampled for parasitological and haematological examinations. The body condition score (BCS), faecal consistency (diarrhoea score, DS), colour of the ocular conjunctivae (FAMACHA(?)) and packed cell volume were determined for each individual animal. The overall proportion of samples that was positive for gastrointestinal nematodes was 52%, 44% and 37% in calves (from 1 to 6 months), young animals (6 to 24 months) and adults (over 24 months), respectively, while geometric mean faecal egg counts (FECs) for each of these age categories were 125, 66 and 15 eggs per gram, respectively. Six genera of strongyles were found in the faecal cultures, i.e. in descending order of occurrence, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Mecistocirrus and Bunostomum. The prevalences of Fasciola and Paramphistomum, estimated by coprological examination, varied between 5-20% and 45-95%, respectively. Logistic mixed models were used to investigate associations of morbidity markers with the presence of parasite infection. A low BCS was associated with gastrointestinal nematode and liver fluke infections, and soft faecal consistency with Paramphistomum infections. However, other factors such as nutritional deficiencies and intercurrent diseases are likely to enhance the effects of parasites and should therefore be considered when using these morbidity parameters as indicators of parasitism.  相似文献   

Estimation of additive and non-additive genetic effects for fertility and reproduction traits in North American Holstein cattle using genomic information     

Kristen Alves  Luiz F. Brito  Christine F. Baes  Mehdi Sargolzaei  John Andrew B. Robinson  Flavio S. Schenkel 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(3):316-330

Non-additive genetic effects are usually ignored in animal breeding programs due to data structure (e.g., incomplete pedigree), computational limitations and over-parameterization of the models. However, non-additive genetic effects may play an important role in the expression of complex traits in livestock species, such as fertility and reproduction traits. In this study, components of genetic variance for additive and non-additive genetic effects were estimated for a variety of fertility and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle using pedigree and genomic relationship matrices. Four linear models were used: (a) an additive genetic model; (b) a model including both additive and epistatic (additive by additive) genetic effects; (c) a model including both additive and dominance effects; and (d) a full model including additive, epistatic and dominance genetic effects. Nine fertility and reproduction traits were analysed, and models were run separately for heifers (N = 5,825) and cows (N = 6,090). For some traits, a larger proportion of phenotypic variance was explained by non-additive genetic effects compared with additive effects, indicating that epistasis, dominance or a combination thereof is of great importance. Epistatic genetic effects contributed more to the total phenotypic variance than dominance genetic effects. Although these models varied considerably in the partitioning of the components of genetic variance, the models including a non-additive genetic effect did not show a clear advantage over the additive model based on the Akaike information criterion. The partitioning of variance components resulted in a re-ranking of cows based solely on the cows’ additive genetic effects between models, indicating that adjusting for non-additive genetic effects could affect selection decisions made in dairy cattle breeding programs. These results suggest that non-additive genetic effects play an important role in some fertility and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle.  相似文献   

Cross comparison of seminal plasma proteins from cattle and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)     

Viviane Maria Codognoto  Paulo Henrique Yamada  Rúbia Alves Schmith  Felipe Rydygier de Ruediger  Camila de Paula Freitas-Dell’Aqua  Fabiana Ferreira de Souza  Suzane Brochine  Lucas Monteiro do Carmo  Andressa Filaz Vieira  Eunice Oba 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(1):81-92

The objective of this study was to evaluate seminal plasma proteins from cattle and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), to identify differences between related species. Sixteen buffaloes and 16 cattle between 30 and 60 months of age were used. Semen collection was performed by electroejaculation, followed by macroscopic and microscopic subjective analyses. After analysis, the samples were centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min, and the supernatant (seminal plasma) was recentrifuged at 10,000 g for 30 min at 4°C. The total protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method, and the proteins were digested in solution for mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). Multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the proteomics results by non-hierarchical clustering the considering exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used for clustering. Proteomics identified 78 proteins, and multivariate analysis showed 4 that were over-expressed in buffaloes (cystatin C, prosaposin, peptide YY and keratin type II cytoskeletal 5) and 9 in cattle (spermadhesin-1, seminal plasma protein PDC-109, ribonuclease 4, metalloproteinase inhibitor 2, acrosin inhibitor 1, seminal ribonuclease, C-type natriuretic peptide, angiogenin-1 and osteopontin). Among the proteins identified in seminal plasma, the C-type natriuretic peptide and metalloproteinase inhibitors were described for the first time in buffaloes. Some protease inhibitors were found over-expressed in buffaloes, and important proteins in seminal plasma of cattle were not identified or were found at lower expression levels in buffaloes, which can contribute to reproductive performance in this species.  相似文献   

Correlation of epiploic foramen length to height,weight, breed,gender and age in horses     

J. M. Alonso  G. S. Rosa  M. F. Marsiglia  A. L. Garcia Alves  C. A. Rodrigues  M. J. Watanabe  J. C. Figueiredo Pantoja  C. A. Hussni 《Equine Veterinary Education》2020,32(3):146-149

Epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) is one of the most common causes of small intestinal strangulation in horses. Cribbing and previous episodes of colic are suggested as risk factors for its occurrence. The aim of this study was to correlate the height, weight, breed, gender and age to the epiploic foramen (EF) length. Forty-three horses were submitted to post-mortem measurement of epiploic foramen with abdominal and thoracic organs positioned in situ. After data collection, linear regression between EF length and the explanatory variables was performed. None of the post-mortem physical variables was associated with EF length, supporting the hypothesis that there is no association between EF length and age, and that increased intra-abdominal pressure is the most important factor predisposing to EFE recurrence.  相似文献   

Production,chemical composition,and economic viability of Minas Frescal cheese from buffaloes supplemented with açai seed     

de Oliveira  Wildiney Freire  de Lima  Elizanne Moura  de Freitas  Denise Ribeiro  dos Santos  Suely Sousa  Reis  Grazielle Carvalho  Gomes  Daiany Iris  Alves  Kaliandra Souza  Maciel  Raylon Pereira  Vargas  Julián Andrés Castillo  Mezzomo  Rafael 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(5):2379-2385

Tropical Animal Health and Production - We aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, production yield, and economic viability of Minas Frescal cheese produced with milk from buffaloes...  相似文献   

Sodium hydroxide or urea pretreatment of acerola (Malpighia emarginata) fruit residue increases dry matter degradability and reduces methane production in in vitro rumen fermentation     

Moura  Lais Micaelle Lopes  da Silva Pereira  Flávia Denise  de Lima  Patrícia Rodrigues  Nascimento  Júlio Cesar Silva  dos Santos de Oliveira  Andresca  de Souza Rodrigues  Rafael Torres  Ferreira  Clébio Pereira  Moraes  Salete Alves  Queiroz  Mário Adriano Ávila  Menezes  Daniel Ribeiro 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(5):2433-2441

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different concentrations of either urea or NaOH in dehydrated acerola (Malpighia emarginata) fruit...  相似文献   

Soil bacterial communities under slash and burn in Mozambique as revealed by a metataxonomic approach     

Dominique SERRANI  Ilario FERROCINO  Cristiana GAROFALO  Andrea OSIMANI  Maria Rita CORVAGLIA  Vesna MILANOVI&#;  Lucia AQUILANTI  Stefania COCCO  Valeria CARDELLI  Rog&#;rio Borguete Alves RAFAEL  Elena FRANCIOSI  Kieran TUOHY  Francesca CLEMENTI  Giuseppe CORTI 《土壤圈》2023,33(3):508-520

The slash-and-burn system is a subsistence agronomical practice widespread in tropical areas worldwide. This system has been extensively studied,especially for its impacts on agronomical aspects and soil physicochemical properties; however, knowledge of soil microbial diversity under slash and bum is scarce. In this study, for the first time, soil bacterial diversity of three locations from Central Mozambique, where slash and burn has been practiced for different durations of the forest fallow p...  相似文献   

Genomic variability and plasticity of Pseudomonas causing coffee leaf spots in Minas Gerais state,Brazil     

Francisco Henrique Nunes da Silva Alves  Ana Leticia Rocha Monteiro  Isadora Cristófoli Pereira  José Cleydson Ferreira da Silva  Renan N. D. Almeida  Kathryn J. McTavish  David S. Guttman  Melina Korres Raimundi  Ricardo Magela de Souza  Mario Lucio Vilela de Resende  Jorge Luis Badel 《Plant pathology》2022,71(4):934-948

Foliar spots caused by Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae (Pcg), Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci (Pat) and Pseudomonas cichorii (Pch) are major bacterial diseases that can reduce coffee production. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity to coffee plants of these bacteria. In this study, genome sequences of Pcg, Pat and Pch strains isolated from coffee plants in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, were used to assess their variability and plasticity, and compare their type III secretion system (T3SS) and apoplastic effector repertoires as well as tabtoxin biosynthetic/detoxification genes. Genomic diversity was found for all three phytopathogens, among which Pch possesses the highest number of exclusive proteins. The Pcg genome is the most stable whereas that of Pch is the most plastic, which is related to their host ranges. When compared with those of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, hrp/hrc gene sequences are more conserved in Pcg and Pat than in Pch, which also possesses the smallest T3SS and the largest apoplastic effector repertoires. The only T3SS effector family common to all three pathogens is AvrE, suggesting that, as for other plant–Pseudomonas interactions, it may play a crucial role for pathogenicity towards coffee plants. Apoplastic proteins associated with maintaining the redox balance and degrading proteins/peptides not previously described as important in plant–bacteria interactions were found. Gain/loss of the tabtoxin biosynthetic cluster with retention of the antitoxin gene was observed, indicating that tabtoxin production is not a limiting factor for the occurrence of mixed infections.  相似文献   

Phage Therapy and Photodynamic Therapy: Low Environmental Impact Approaches to Inactivate Microorganisms in Fish Farming Plants     

Adelaide Almeida  ?ngela Cunha  Newton C.M. Gomes  Eliana Alves  Liliana Costa  Maria A.F. Faustino 《Marine drugs》2009,7(3):268-313

Owing to the increasing importance of aquaculture to compensate for the progressive worldwide reduction of natural fish and to the fact that several fish farming plants often suffer from heavy financial losses due to the development of infections caused by microbial pathogens, including multidrug resistant bacteria, more environmentally-friendly strategies to control fish infections are urgently needed to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable. The aim of this review is to briefly present the typical fish farming diseases and their threats and discuss the present state of chemotherapy to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants as well as to examine the new environmentally friendly approaches to control fish infection namely phage therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial therapy.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular effects of Hyptis fruticosa essential oil in rats     

Santos MR  Carvalho AA  Medeiros IA  Alves PB  Marchioro M  Antoniolli AR 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(3):186-191

In non-anesthetized normotensive rats, Hyptis fruticosa essential oil (HFEO, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg; i.v.) induced hypotension associated with tachycardia. In intact and isolated rings of rat superior mesenteric artery (control), HFEO (1-1000 microg/ml, n=6, cumulatively) induced concentration-dependent relaxations of tonus induced by 10 microM phenylephrine (Phe) (pD(2)=2.6+/-0.27; E(max)=64+/-8.3%). In denuded endothelium pre-contracted rings with Phe or K(+)-depolarizing solution (80 mM), the concentration-response curves to HFEO were not shifted (pD(2)=2.3+/-0.25 and 2.3+/-0.28, respectively), but their maximal responses were significantly (P<0.05 vs control) increased (E(max)=122.3+/-18.2% and 92+/-3.6%, respectively). HFEO was also capable of antagonizing the concentration-response curves to CaCl(2) (3 microM-30 mM) in a dose-dependent manner.  相似文献