Proximate and phytochemical screening of different parts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Moringa oleifera</Emphasis>     

Abdulaziz Rabiu Abdulkadir  Dhiya Dalila Zawawi  Md Sarwar Jahan 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(1):34-36

Lack of proper nutrition is one of the most serious problem across the globe, affecting majorly African countries, where many children died not only due to inadequate food but also as a result of insufficient nutrient in their diet. This research was aimed to study the proximate composition and screening of chemical components in different part of Moringa oleifera Lam. Proximate analysis was adapted from the standard methods developed by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). We have determined percentage of moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat and carbohydrate which were ranges from 8.1–4%, 5.59–9.28%, 11.70–26.57%, 21.03–44.27, 11.82–20.19 and 8.16–31.12% respectively. Different bioactive compounds of polyphenol, flavonoids, tannins and saponin were determined. Different parts of plants accumulate different levels of polyphenol, flavonoids, tannins and saponin. Our study suggest that Moringa oleifera can served as a good supplement to our nutrition, due to high content of fibre, protein, fat. However intake of Moringa plant might reduce the risk of many oxidative related problems due to the present of some polyphenols and flavonoid in almost all part of the plant used.  相似文献   

Growth and nutrient composition of tomato and cucumber seedlings as affected by sodium chloride salinity and supplemental calcium     

Abdulaziz R. Al‐Harbi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1403-1416

The effect of three levels of salinity (2.0,4.0, and 8.0 mS/cm) on growth and ion composition of tomato and cucumber seedlings was examined with and without addition of 7.4 meq/L calcium chloriode (CaCl₂). The corresponding sodium/calcium (Na/Ca) ratio of the irrigation solution were 4.0 and 1.8 at salinity level 4.0 mS/cm, and 12 and 4.8 at salinity level 8.0 mS/cm. Seedlings growth of tomato and cucumber was generally reduced with increasing salinity level. Cucumber was more salt‐sensitive than tomato. Shoot and root dry weight of cucumber was increased by decreasing Na/Ca ratio at 4.0 mS/cm salinity. Sodium and chloride (Cl) accumulation was increased and Ca was decreased in salinized plants. Reducing Na/Ca ratio under saline condition reduce the accumulation of Na in tomato roots. The effect of salinity on the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Na, Ca, chloride (Cl), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) in the root and shoot was also determined.  相似文献   

Effect of different photoperiod cycles on metabolic rate and energy loss of both fed and unfed young tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: Part I   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Amal Kumar  BISWAS  Masato  ENDO  Toshio  TAKEUCHI 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):465-477

ABSTRACT: The influence of different photoperiod cycles (3L : 3D, 6L : 6D, 12L : 12D, and 24L : 24D) on the metabolic rate and energy loss of either fed or unfed young tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (bodyweight 8.6–9.5 g) was investigated at 28°C. A computer-operated respirometer with a closed tank was used to prevent water from evaporating into the air or condensing from the air. The photoperiods acted as strong Zeitgeber (i.e., cue or synchronizer) during the experiments with either fed or unfed fish. A photoperiod-mediated metabolic cycle was demonstrated in fed and unfed fish in which oxygen consumption was higher during the light phase compared with during the dark phase for all photoperiods. Mean oxygen consumption during the 3L : 3D, 6L : 6D, 12L : 12D, and 24L : 24D periods for fed and unfed fish were 685.06 mg/kg per h and 299.33 mg/kg per h; 658.52 mg/kg per h and 284.80 mg/kg per h; 591.09 mg/kg per h and 249.62 mg/kg per h; and 500.64 mg/kg per h and 239.14 mg/kg per h, respectively. The highest post-prandial increase in energy loss was recorded during the 3L : 3D period (145.88 kJ/kg per day), followed by 141.19 kJ/kg per day during the 6L : 6D, 128.70 kJ/kg per day during the 12L : 12D, and 99.92 kJ/kg per day during the 24L : 24D periods. The results suggest that higher energy conservation would be achieved if fish are exposed to longer rather than shorter photoperiod cycles.  相似文献   

Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in germinating rapeseed cultivars     

Abdus Sattar  Amal Badshah  Aurangzeb 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1995,47(1):63-70

Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in irradiated and unirradiated germinating rapeseed cultivars was studied at ambient room temperature (20–35 °C). Appreciable quantities of ascorbic acid (19.8–24.1 mg/100 g) were detected in the seeds and synthesis of this vitamin increased significantly (three fold) with increasing germination time depending upon rapeseed cultivars (p<0.05). Soaking of seeds in tap water (1:2) for 24 hours resulted in the decrease of the vitamin in each case. Among the radiation treatments (0.05–0.20 kGy), maximum amounts of ascorbic acid were found in 0.10 kGy (342.1 mg/100 g dry weight) and 0.15 kGy (113.8 mg/100 g wet weight) samples after 96 hours of germination. An overall significant linear relation (r=0.96) was observed between vitamin biosynthesis and germination time upto 96 hours in rapeseed.  相似文献   

Optimal Stocking Density with the Provision of Self‐feeders for Striped Knifejaw,Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck and Schlegel 1844)          下载免费PDF全文

Amal Biswas  Kenji Takii 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(3):488-495

To determine the optimal stocking density, three densities of 5 (SD₅), 10 (SD₁₀), and 15 kg/m³ (SD₁₅) were used to culture striped knifejaw, Oplegnathus fasciatus, for 10 wk. A total of 10, 20, or 30 juveniles with mean weights of approximately 96 g were stocked into one of nine 300‐L tanks (with an initial water volume of 200 L) and fed with commercial feed via self‐feeders. The fish were sampled at 4 and 8 wk, and the stocking density was maintained by adjusting the water volume of the tanks. The final body weights in SD₁₀ and SD₁₅ were 183.8 and 178.9 g, respectively, which were significantly higher than 161.7 g in SD₅ (P< 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the SD₁₀ and SD₁₅ (P > 0.05). A similar trend was observed in the specific growth rate among the treatments. Feed efficiency and the lipid retention efficiency were both significantly higher in SD₁₀ than that in SD₅. The plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, and total protein were similar among the treatments. These results clearly suggest that densities of 10 and 15 kg/m³ can be used to improve the growth performance of striped knifejaw, O. fasciatus, when fed with a self‐feeder.  相似文献   

Assessment of some barley germplasms based on RAPD analysis and anti-nutritional factors     

Amal A. Mohamed  Mohamed Ahmed Matter  Mohamed Ramadan Rady 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(2):61-68

The variation among some barley germplasm (Giza 123, Giza 127, Giza 130, Desert, and Sinai) was investigated comparatively at the molecular and biochemical levels. Leaf DNAs extracted from different barley germplasm were amplified with randomly chosen primers in a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Only five primers amplified all DNA templates among 15 primers. Primers generated a total of 112 DNA fragments ranged from 1.2 to 0.1 kbp. Out of the 112 fragments, 16 (14.29%) were polymorphic. The result indicated that fragments generated per primer, with an average of 22.4 products, where the number of polymorphic bands per primer, with an average of 3.2 polymorphic bands. In addition, the genetic variation in the anti-nutritional factors and nutrient composition of the same genotypes were determined. A wide variation in total phenolic, phytic, tannin, vicine, and saponin contents was found among these germplasm. The range of total phenolic was 3.83 to 7.50 mg g⁻¹ d.w. Among all germplasm, Desert germplasm was characterized by the highest tannin content. However, saponin ranged between 5.66 mg g⁻¹ d.w. (in Giza 123) to 9.21 mg g⁻¹ d.w (in Sinai) germplasm. The concentrations of the phytic acid were generally low, ranging between 0.99 to 6.78 mg g⁻¹ d.w. The germplasm Desert and Sinai had the highest level of vicine, 1.89 and 1.87 mg g⁻¹ d.w., respectively. The results of the molecular characterization and anti-nutritional content can be used as the starting point needed to identify the valuable Egyptian barley germplasm.  相似文献   

Dietary medicinal herbs and enzyme treated fish meal improve stress resistances and growth performance at early juvenile stage of red sea bream Pagrus major          下载免费PDF全文

Osamu Takaoka  Seung‐Cheol Ji  Katsuya Ishimaru  Si‐Woo Lee  Gwan‐Sik Jeong  Amal Biswas  Kenji Takii 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(2):390-397

Red sea bream Pagrus major (RSB) weighing 0.09 g were fed on test diets, composed of 65% fish meal supplemented with 0.49% Crataegi fructus (Cf) and a mixture of Massa medicata, Cf, Artemisia capillaries and Cnidium officinale (HM) or a control diet without herbs, in trial 1. After air exposure and anaesthesia treatment, higher stress tolerances were obtained in herbal groups than control group. Moreover, after challenge test with Vibrio anguillarum, mortalities of the herbal groups were lower than the control group. There was no significant difference in growth performance among the treatments. Feed efficiency (FE) of the test groups was 124–141%. In trial 2, RSB weighing 0.11 g were fed on diets composed of 35% fish meal and 30% enzyme treated fish meal (EFM) with the same herbal treatments as trial 1. The herbal groups revealed higher final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) and lower daily feed intake than those of the control group. The FE of test groups was 172–203%. These results indicate that the dietary herbs supplementation acts not only as recovery enhancer for some rearing stresses but also as growth enhancer, which is accelerated with dietary EFM in the early juvenile stage of red sea bream.  相似文献   

An outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in cage‐cultured golden pompano,Trachinotus blochii (Lacépède), in Malaysia     

M N A Amal  M Zamri‐Saad  A R Iftikhar  A Siti‐Zahrah  S Aziel  S Fahmi 《Journal of fish diseases》2012,35(11):849-852

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Alternative preservation method against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sclerotium</Emphasis> tuber rot of Jerusalem artichoke using natural essential oils     

Khalid M. Ghoneem  Wesam I. A. Saber  Aml A. El-Awady  Younes M. Rashad  Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar 《Phytoparasitica》2016,44(3):341-352

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Water quality influences the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae in cage cultured red hybrid tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal  Mohd Zamri Saad  Abdullah Siti Zahrah  Abd Rashid Zulkafli 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(2):313-323

Attempts were made to identify the association between water quality parameters and the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae in cage cultured red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus. Fish from commercial floating net cage‐culture systems in a river and lake were randomly sampled over a 24‐month period. Swabs from the brains, eyes and kidneys were streaked directly onto blood agar to isolate S. agalactiae. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, clarity, ammonia, nitrite, sulfide, rate of water flow and depth of water at sampling sites were measured at the same time of fish sampling. The prevalence of fish that were cultured positive to S. agalactiae was significantly higher in lake compared with river. The length and weight of the infected fish were between 9 and 33 cm, and between 20 and 760 g respectively. There was a significant and positive strong correlation between the presence of S. agalactiae and fish mortalities in lake. All water quality parameters showed significant differences between river and lake. However, only water temperature, clarity and pH of lake and the ammonia, temperature and dissolved oxygen in river showed significant correlation with the presence of S. agalactiae in the cultured fish. It was concluded that several unfavourable water quality in the fish farm influencing the presence of S. agalactiae in cultured red hybrid tilapia.  相似文献