Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilussupplementation on growth performances,digestive enzyme activities and gut histomorphology of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmusSauvage, 1878) juveniles     

Mst. Nahid Akter  Roshada Hashim  Amalia Sutriana  Mohd Nor Siti Azizah  Md. Asaduzzaman 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):786-797

The influence of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus, on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, gut histomorphology and gut microflora were evaluated in juveniles striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Five experimental diets were formulated by supplementing 0, 10³, 10⁵, 10⁷ and 10⁹ CFU/g L. acidophilus in fishmeal and casein‐based semi‐purified diet. Triplicate groups of striped catfish (21.69 ± 0.18 g) were stocked in 15 fiberglass tanks with stocking density of 25 individuals per tank and fed twice daily at 2.5% of the fish body weight for 12 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and the protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in fish fed with 10⁵ and 10⁷CFU/g L. acidophilussupplemented diets compared with the other treatment groups. Compared with the control and fish fed low (10³ CFU/g) L. acidophilus supplementation, those fed with 10⁵ and 10⁷ CFU/g had significantly higher (p < 0.05) apparent protein digestibility. Inclusion of L. acidophilus at 10⁷ CFU/g diet significantly increased amylase, protease and lipase activities. Microscopic analysis showed that the villi length in both the anterior and posterior gut and microvilli length in the posterior gut increased significantly in fish fed L. acidophilus supplementation at 10⁵ and 10⁷ CFU/g of diet. The fish fed L. acidophilus supplemented diets significantly increased the total lactic acid bacteria counts in the gut of striped catfish compared with the control‐fed group. Based on gut histomorphology and growth performance, inclusion of L. acidophilus at 10⁵ CFU/g appears to have the most positive effect on striped catfish farming.  相似文献   

A Great AAEP meeting     

William E. Jones DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1997,17(12):627

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Get on your soapbox     

William E. Jones DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1997,17(1):3

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Equine practice worldwide     

William E. Jones DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1995,15(6)

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COPD increasereported in southern California     

Rachael Shuster DVM  Jay Rose DVM  Francis Galey DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1995,15(8)

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Adaptation to a Fat-Supplemented Diet by Cutting Horses     

T.R. Julen MS  G.D. Potter PhD  L.W. Greene PhD  G.G. Stott DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1995,15(10)

In a crossover experiment, eight mature Quarter Horses were exercised by simulated cutting-horse training and fed either a control concentrate (C) or a 10% fat-supplemented concentrate (F) with Bermuda grass hay in a 60:40 ratio. The experiment consisted of two 28-day experimental periods with a 28-day standardization period between treatments. Digestion trials and standardized exercise tests (SET) were conducted every 7 days during experimental periods. Dietary fat had no detrimental effect on digestion of diet constituents, and all digestion coefficients were within expected ranges. Likewise, there was no significant difference in heart rates between treatments or SET days. Plasma lactic acid concentrations did not differ (P > .05) between treatments, however, there was a decline (P < .05) with advancing SET day. When horses were fed fat, there was an increase (P < .05) in muscle glycogen storage from days 0 to 28, but there was no increase (P > .05) in muscle glycogen over time when horses were fed C. On days 7, 14, and 28, muscle glycogen utilization increased (P < .05) from day 0 when horses were fed fat but not C. Pre-exercise data were normalized such that day 0 values equaled zero, due to higher (P < .05) glycogen concentrations for C than F on day 0. Subsequently, muscle glycogen concentrations on day 28 before exercise were higher (P < .05) when horses were fed F than C. The results of this study indicate that Quarter Horses in simulated cutting-horse training can adapt to digestion of a fat-supplemented diet by day 14. However, it may take up to 28 days of adaptation to a fat-supplemented diet to observe increases in glycogen storage and use.  相似文献   

The efficacy of systemically administered anti-arthritic drugs in an induced equine carpitis model     

Gary W. White DVM  E. Wynn Jones FRCVS  PhD  Trent Stites DVM  Jack Hamm PhD  Robert Walls PhD  Terry Sanders 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1996,16(4):139-145

The efficacy of two systemically administered drugs for the treatment of equine joint injuries was assessed in a randomized blinded trial using the chemically induced equine carpitis model previously used to determine the dose and efficacy of both products. After a 10-day acclimation period, carpitis was induced by intracarpal injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) in twenty mature horses free of clinical and radiographic evidence of synovitis or DJD. Five days after model induction, the horses were stratified based on lameness evaluation and randomly assigned to 2 groups of 10 horses each.Parameters evaluated included lameness score, maximum range of carpal flexion, carpal circumference, stride length, and synovial fluid protein. These parameters were measured prior to model induction, 5 days after model induction (immediately prior to initial treatment) and once weekly for 6 weeks. Radiographs of the carpus were taken prior to model induction and 6 weeks. after treatment began. Treatment began 5 days after model induction. One group of 10 horses received 40 mg sodium hyaluronate by intravenous injection weekly for 3 weeks and the other group of 10 horses received intramuscular injections of 500 mg PSGAG every 4 days for 7 treatments.Both treatment groups showed significant improvement from pretreatment baseline values (based upon percent recovery to normal pre-model induction values) for lameness score, stride length and maximum carpal flexion (p<0.05) at each post treatment evaluation. The PSGAG treated group had significant improvement in synovial fluid protein at post treatment weeks 2 and 3. The improvement (percent recovery) in the PSGAG treated group was significantly (p<0.05) better than that of the intravenous sodium hyaluronate treated group for stride and flexion at post treatment weeks 1 through 6, for lameness score at post treatment weeks 1 through 3 and for carpal circumference at post treatment week 4.Both intravenous sodium hyaluronate and intramuscular PSGAG induced significant improvement in clinical lameness parameters; intramuscular PSGAG yielded consistently better results in this experimental model.  相似文献   

On-the-farm incidence and nature of equine dystocias     

O.J. Ginther VMD  PhD  Deborah Williams DVM   《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1996,16(4):159-164

The characteristics of parturition and dystocia were recorded on standardized forms by foaling attendants on 8 farms for 517 spontaneous parturitions. Dystocias were classified from examination of the forms into those with malposition (involving the fetal body), malposture (involving fetal extremities), and normal position and posture in which traction was considered essential. Dystocias occurred in 58 of 517 (11.2%) parturitions and involved normal fetal position and posture (31.0%), malposition of body (22.6%), and malposture of extremities (41.4%). Other recorded frequencies were for emergence of an intact chorioallantois at the labia (2.0%), hiplock (1.2%), posterior presentation (0%), uterine torsion (0%), deformed fetal limbs *8.4%), stillbirth (1.2%), death of foal within 24 hours (1.2%), life-threatening injury to the mare (1.5%), and retained placenta (13.5%). The frequencies of a prolonged or excessive Stage 1 culminates in rupture of chorioallantois, (11.5%), deformed foal limbs (24.0%), relatively large foal (26.8%), and retained placenta (22.0%) were greater (P<0.05) for mares with dystocia than for mares without dystocia (2.6, 6.7, 7.9 and 10.5%, respectively).Ten of 14 (72%) dystocias with normal position and posture were attributable to a relatively large foal or weak maternal contractions. All of 16 malpositions of the body involved a tendency toward the dorso-pubic position (upside-down) and 31% were accompanied by malpostures of the extremities. Observations suggested that alternate standing and lying by the mare played a role in preventing and aiding in the self-correction of malpositions. Most (55%) of 24 malpostures involved retention of a front foot. The primary indicators of a problem were the absence of any fetal parts or membranes at the labia for a prolonged time after rupture of the chorioallantois (28% of dystocias) or the emergence of only one foot (34%).The interval from foal delivery to placental discharge was shorter (P<0.01) for Miniature Horses (17±3 min; n=17) than for the larger breeds (54±2 min; n=395). In 3 of 19 (16%) miniatures, the placenta and foal were delivered simultaneously. It was judged necessary to rupture manually an intact amnion in 2 of 5 miniatures on one farm.  相似文献   

Incidence, Endocrinology, Vascularity, and Morphology of Hemorrhagic Anovulatory Follicles in Mares   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

O.J. Ginther VMD  PhD  E.L. Gastal DVM  PhD  M.O. Gastal DVM  PhD  M.A. Beg DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(3):130-139

The incidence of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAFs) is approximately 5% and 20% of estrous cycles during the early and late ovulatory season, respectively. The structures are more common in old mares (eg, >20 years), tend to occur repeatedly in individuals, and occur most frequently during the late follicular phase. In a recent study, the day of ovulation in controls and the first day of HAF formation, as indicated by cloudiness of follicular fluid, were defined as day 0. On day -1, future ovulating and HAF groups did not differ in follicle diameter or in the frequency of discrete gray-scale ultrasonic indicators of impending ovulation; however, in future HAFs, a greater percentage of the circumference of the follicle exhibited color-Doppler signals of blood flow. No differences were found between the two groups in systemic concentrations of progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on days -4 to 2, but estradiol was elevated in the HAF group on day -3. The wall of the HAFs developed well-vascularized luteal tissue as indicated by echotexture and color Doppler signals and by the production of near normal levels of progesterone. In conclusion, HAFs formed from viable preovulatory follicles that did not differ from ovulatory follicles in diameter or gray-scale echotexture. Estradiol concentrations were elevated a few days before the failure of ovulation, and the wall of the follicle was more extensively vascularized on day -1.  相似文献   

Water acceptance and intake in horses under shipping stress     

L.A. Mars MS  H.E. Kiesling PhD  T.T. Ross PhD  J.B. Armstrong PhD  L. Murray PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1992,12(1)

A study was conducted to measure water acceptance and intake in Quarter Horse mares after transportation (4 h) to a new location, Armstrong Equine Service (AES). Another objective was to increase that water intake by means of a flavor additive (apple or clover). Twelve mares were randomly assigned either New Mexico State University (NMSU) water or AES water then switched in a crossover design and repeated. Mares wore heart rate monitors to measure an indication of stress pretransit for 45 min, in-transit to AES for 4 h and post-transit for 1 h. Mares were weighed pre-and post- transit. Blood was drawn pre-transit and 4 days later before return to NMSU from AES. At AES, water intake was monitored for 4 days in both experiments. During experiment 1, water intake was similar (P=0.5) for both sources of water, except on day 3 when mares consumed more AES water than NMSU water (35 vs 301). Serum Na values in these mares ranged from 127 to 129 mEq/ 1 (132-146 is normal), while serum C1 ranged from 92 to 94 mEqfl (99-109 is normal). In experiment 2, mares were subjected to the same protocol as experiment 1, except that water was from AES. After 4 h transport, six mares continued to AES, where three received clover-flavored water and three received apple-flavored water. Six mares remained at NMSU after transportation, with three receiving apple and three clover flavoring. Flavored water intake was monitored for 2 days. Mares showed clear preference for apple on day 1 (P<.05) and day 2 (P<.07). Without flavoring, mares con- sumed more (P>.05) water at NMSU than AES. Mares adjusted to a new water more easily in a familiar, rather than unfamiliar, environment.  相似文献