Switchgrass Compositional Variations Arising from Spatial Distribution and Legume Intercropping     

Amanda J. Ashworth  Fred L. Allen  Ken Goddard  Kara S. Warwick  Duncan Yeaman  Daniel H. Pote 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(12):1473-1485

Due to genetic diversity within and among switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), there may be genotype x environment and management-induced differences among secondary cell walls. Consequently, two separate experiments were conducted to determine feedstock variance using near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS). One experiment tested legume-intercrops [red clover (RC; Trifolium pratense), crimson clover (CC; Trifolium incarnatum), hairy vetch (HV; Vicia villosa), and partridge pea (PP; Chamaechrista fasciculata)], nitrogen (N) fertilization (0, 67, and 135 kg-N ha^?1), and location impacts on characteristics. The second one determined on-farm bale variance within and across locations. Clustering NIRS data indicated that chemical signatures differed among locations and N-levels, but less so among intercrops. Results suggest that homogeneity may vary within a region responsible for supplying biomass to a biorefinery. Thus, conversion efficiencies and enzymatic requirements for ethanol production may be affected. Consequently, legumes may displace inorganic-N with minimal compositional changes, whereas location and N-level influence feedstock quality and recalcitrance level to a greater extent.  相似文献   

Biotechnology applied to fish reproduction: tools for conservation     

Diógenes Henrique de Siqueira-Silva  Taiju Saito  Amanda Pereira dos Santos-Silva  Raphael da Silva Costa  Martin Psenicka  George Shigueki Yasui 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(6):1469-1485

This review discusses the new biotechnological tools that are arising and promising for conservation and enhancement of fish production, mainly regarding the endangered and the most economically important species. Two main techniques, in particular, are available to avoid extinction of endangered fish species and to improve the production of commercial species. Germ cell transplantation technology includes a number of approaches that have been studied, such as the transplantation of embryo-to-embryo blastomere, embryo-to-embryo differentiated PGC, larvae to larvae and embryo differentiated PGC, transplantation of spermatogonia from adult to larvae or between adults, and oogonia transplantation. However, the success of germ cell transplantation relies on the prior sterilization of fish, which can be performed at different stages of fish species development by means of several protocols that have been tested in order to achieve the best approach to produce a sterile fish. Among them, fish hybridization and triploidization, germline gene knockdown, hyperthermia, and chemical treatment deserve attention based on important results achieved thus far. This review currently used technologies and knowledge about surrogate technology and fish sterilization, discussing the stronger and the weaker points of each approach.  相似文献   

Tricaine as an anaesthetic for larvae and juveniles of Lophiosilurus alexandri,a carnivorous freshwater fish          下载免费PDF全文

Paula Adriane Perez Ribeiro  Daniela Chemim de Melo  Amanda H. do Espirito Santo  Walisson de Souza e Silva  André Eduardo Heringer Santos  Ronald Kennedy Luz 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(7):1788-1792

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Cosmetic results of a ventrally based advancement flap for closure of total ear canal ablations in 6 cats: 2002-2003     

McNabb AH  Flanders JA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2004,33(5):435-439

OBJECTIVE: To report the outcome of a modified total ear canal ablation (TECA) technique to maintain normal ear carriage in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: Six cats with external ear canal disease. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed to identify cats in which a modified TECA using a single pedicle advancement flap was used to maintain normal ear carriage. Signalment, histopathologic diagnosis, complications, and outcome were retrieved. Owners were contacted to document long-term outcome. RESULTS: Modified TECA procedures (7) were performed in 6 cats. Normal ear carriage was present immediately after surgery and was preserved at follow-up interview. Owners were satisfied with cosmetic appearance. Histopathologic diagnosis of excised ear masses included ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma (2 cats), ceruminous gland adenoma (2 cats, 3 ears), and inflammatory polyp (2 cats). CONCLUSIONS: Modification of the TECA skin incision preserved normal ear carriage in all cats. Owners were satisfied with overall outcome and with cosmetic result. Rate and nature of complications were similar to previously published data. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A simple modification of the TECA skin incision to create a single pedicle advancement flap maintains normal ear carriage in cats.  相似文献   

Mycobacterium goodii infection in a dog with concurrent hyperadrenocorticism     

Bryden SL  Burrows AK  O'hara AJ 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(5):331-338

Abstract A 9-year-old Boston terrier was diagnosed with multifocal, nodular panniculitis caused by an organism belonging to the Mycobacterium smegmatis group by histological evaluation and bacteriological identification. The mycobacterial species was identified by direct gene sequence analysis and confirmed to be Mycobacterium goodii. Treatment using doxycycline and ciprofloxacin was successfully implemented for the mycobacterial panniculitis over a period of 9 months. Concurrent pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease) was also identified using routine diagnostic methods and mitotane therapy was implemented. There was follow-up for 14 months after cessation of antimicrobial therapy with no recurrence of mycobacterial infection. Although cutaneous infections are frequently recognized as complications of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, concurrent mycobacterial panniculitis due to any rapidly growing mycobacterium has not previously been reported. This is the first confirmed case of mycobacterial panniculitis due to M. goodii infection in a dog and also the first of any rapidly growing mycobacterial infection in a dog with concurrent endogenous Cushing's disease.  相似文献   

In vitro metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone by canine hair follicle cells     

Bamberg E  Aichinger A  Mitteregger G 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(1):19-24

The metabolism of radioactive dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone was studied in dermal papilla cells (DPC) and dermal fibroblasts (DFB) derived from hair follicles from two different body sites (head, flank) of four male, castrated beagle dogs. Thin layer chromatography was used for separation, and autoradiography for identification of the radioactive metabolites. DHEA was metabolized mainly to 11 alpha-OH-testosterone and only to a minor extent to 11 alpha-OH-androstenedione and another unidentified metabolite. The highest percentage of metabolization of DHEA was found in DFB of the head. Testosterone was metabolized only to a minor extent (less than 10%) to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and epiandrosterone and there was no significant difference between either the two cell types or the two locations. These results clearly show that the metabolization of androgens in canine DPC and DFB is different from that observed in cells from the human hair follicle.  相似文献   

Genetic Relationships Between Cercospora kikuchii Populations from South America and Japan     

Imazaki I  Homma Y  Kato M  Vallone S  Yorinori JT  Henning AA  Iizumi H  Koizumi S 《Phytopathology》2006,96(9):1000-1008

ABSTRACT A collection 160 isolates of Cercospora kikuchii was made from South America and 245 from Japan. DNA fingerprint patterns were analyzed based on amplified fragment length polymorphism among the sample isolates, dividing the isolates into seven lineages (I to VII). Partial nucleotide sequence analyses of the beta-tubulin gene supported this division into seven lineages. Lineages I and III commonly existed in South America and Japan. In all, 136 of the 160 isolates from South America and 223 of the 245 isolates from Japan belonged to lineage I, indicating that lineage I was the major lineage in each area; 5 isolates from South America and 8 isolates from Japan belonged to lineage III. Lineages II (12 isolates) and IV (2 isolates) were specific to Japan and lineages V (3 isolates), VI (1 isolate), and VII (15 isolates) specifically existed in South America. These results suggest that the population genetic structure of C. kikuchii was different between South America and Japan, but the dominance of lineage I was common between the two areas.  相似文献   

Managing tropical agroforestry for conservation of flocking migratory birds     

Molly E. McDermott  Amanda D. Rodewald  Stephen N. Matthews 《Agroforestry Systems》2015,89(3):383-396

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Process Parameters and Technological Quality of French Rolls Produced with Dry Sourdough to Reduce Sodium     

Amanda de Cssia Nogueira  Caroline Joy Steel 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(2):138-144

The search for alternatives for salt reduction in bread is a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the use of dry sourdough (DS) for the reduction of sodium in French rolls, using a 2² central composite rotatable design. Sodium chloride (NaCl) (0–2.5%) and DS (0–10%, flour basis) were added to the formulations. The reduction of NaCl decreased high‐speed mixing time, proofing time, oven spring, cut opening, and cut height. The addition of DS increased high‐speed mixing time and proofing time and, at higher concentrations, decreased oven spring, cut opening, and cut height. Color parameters also showed effect of DS. Specific volume, shape, and texture of the rolls were not affected by the variables. Thus, the use of DS was shown to be viable for the reduction of sodium in French rolls, because we reached up to 45% salt reduction at concentrations below 5% DS, with desirable technological characteristics.  相似文献   

Identification of surgically-induced longitudinal lesions of the equine deep digital flexor tendon in the digital flexor tendon sheath using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: an ex-vivo pilot study     

Andrea Bertuglia  Giulia Mollo  Michela Bullone  Barbara Riccio 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1)

Background

Longitudinal tears in the lateral aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon are the most common causes of pain localised to the equine digital flexor tendon sheath. However conventional ultrasonographic techniques provide limited information about acute lesions. Ultrasonographic contrast agents are newly developed materials that have contributed to advancement in human diagnostic imaging. They are currently approved for intravenous use in human and animal models. In this study we described intrathecal use in the horse. This study was undertaken to evaluate the reliability of standard and angle contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to detect and characterize surgically-induced longitudinal lesions in the deep digital flexor tendons.In this pilot study surgically-induced lesions were created in the lateral aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon within the digital flexor tendon sheath in 10 isolated equine limbs to generate a replicable model for naturally occurring lesions. Another 10 specimens were sham operated. All the limbs were examined ultrasonographically before and shortly after the intrasynovial injection of an ultrasound contrast agent containing stabilised microbubbles. The images were blindly evaluated to detect the ability to identify surgically-created lesions. The deep digital flexor tendons were dissected and a series of slices were obtained. The depth of longitudinal defects identified with contrast-enhanced ultrasound scans was compared to the real extent of the lesions measured in the corresponding gross tendon sections.

Results

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with both angle and standard approach provided a significant higher proportion of correct diagnoses compared to standard and angle contrast ultrasonography (p < 0.01). Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography reliably estimated the depth of surgically-induced longitudinal lesions in the deep digital flexor tendons.

Conclusion

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the digital flexor tendon sheath could be an effective tool to detect intrasynovial longitudinal tears of the deep digital flexor tendon, although an in vivo study is required to confirm these results for naturally occurring lesions.  相似文献