A case-controlled retrospective study of the causes and implications of moderate to severe leukocytosis in dogs in South Africa     

Weltan SM  Leisewitz AL  Goddard A 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2008,37(2):164-172

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that dogs with extreme leukocytosis had specific types of diseases, long hospitalization times, and high mortality rates. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether dogs with moderate to severe leukocytosis are likely to have similar results compared with age-matched control dogs. METHODS: Records at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, were examined retrospectively from dogs with > or =35 x 10(9) WBC/L (Leukocytosis Group) and dogs with < or =30 x 10(9) WBC/L and < or =0.5 x 10(9) band neutrophils/L (Control Group). Hematologic and serum protein data, final diagnosis, and effect of glucocorticoid treatment were compared between groups. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-two dogs were included in the Leukocytosis Group and 179 in the Control Group. Compared with dogs in the Control Group, significantly more dogs in the Leukocytosis Group had infections, babesiosis, immune-mediated hematologic disease, and necrosis. Hospitalization time and neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were significantly higher and HCT, eosinophil count, platelet count, and serum albumin concentration were lower in dogs in the Leukocytosis Group (P<.0001). There was no difference in leukocyte counts between glucocorticoid-treated and non-glucocorticoid-treated dogs. Survival did not differ between Leukocytosis and Control Groups; however, a significant relationship was found between total neutrophil (mature+band) count and survival (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: Dogs with leukocytosis of > or =35 x 10(9)/L are more likely to have bacterial and fungal infections, complicated babesiosis, immune-mediated hematologic disease, and necrosis. The total neutrophil count has a significant impact on outcome.  相似文献   

The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of infected and non-infected dog bite wounds: fifty cases   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Meyers B  Schoeman JP  Goddard A  Picard J 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,127(3-4):360-368

Dog bite wounds are a common reason for dogs requiring veterinary care, but there is surprisingly little data on the bacteriology of bite wounds. A prospective study was performed on dogs with various grades of bite wound to identify the bacteria present in these wounds. Swabs were collected from all wounds for bacterial culture and cytology. All swabs were cultured aerobically and anaerobically and all aerobic cultures were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. Fifty dogs with 104 bite wounds, inflicted within the previous 72h, were included. The victims were predominately intact male small breed dogs. Of the 104 wounds, 21 were judged by cytology to be infected and 83 non-infected. Infected wounds were significantly more likely to culture positive (p=0.02). Sixteen percent of wounds showed no growth. Sixteen percent grew aerobes, 1% anaerobes and 67% a mixture of aerobes and anaerobes. Pasteurella canis and pyogenic streptococci were common in infected wounds, whereas Bacillus spp., Actinomyces spp. and the oral streptococci were usually found in contaminated wounds. Three anaerobic genera were cultured, namely, Prevotella, Clostridium and Peptostreptococcus. One case represented the first isolation of Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an infected dog bite wound. Although no single antibiotic therapy was considered to be effective against all the bacteria, amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid, 1st and 3rd generation cephalosporins ampicillin or amoxycillin and potentiated sulphonamides gave the best in vitro sensitivity results.  相似文献   

Minimum inhibitory concentration and killing properties of rifampicin against canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs in the southeast USA          下载免费PDF全文

Karen K. Ho  Austin C. Conley  Robert A. Kennis  Terri L. Hathcock  Dawn M. Boothe  Amelia G. White 《Veterinary dermatology》2018,29(4):302-e104

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Size,Knot Holding Capacity,and Knot Security of the Forwarder Knot Compared to Square and Surgeon's Knots Using Large Gauge Suture          下载免费PDF全文

Alex M. Gillen  Amelia S. Munsterman  R. Reid Hanson 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2016,45(8):1034-1040

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Antifeedant and toxicity effects of thiophenes from four Echinops species against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus     

Fokialakis N  Osbrink WL  Mamonov LK  Gemejieva NG  Mims AB  Skaltsounis AL  Lax AR  Cantrell CL 《Pest management science》2006,62(9):832-838

Over 220 crude extracts from repositories generated from plants native to Greece and Kazakhstan were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Emerging from this screening effort were bioactive extracts from two Greek species (Echinops ritro L. and Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosissimus) and extracts from two Kazakhstan species (Echinops albicaulis Kar. & Kir. and Echinops transiliensis Golosh.). Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the most active extracts from each of the four species has been completed, resulting in the isolation of eight thiophenes possessing varying degrees of termiticidal activity. 2,2':5',2"-Terthiophene and 5'-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene demonstrated 100% mortality against C. formosanus within 9 days at 1 and 2 wt% concentrations respectively. In addition, all but two of the eight compounds tested were significantly different from the solvent controls in the filter paper consumption bioassay.  相似文献   

Multiresidue determination of antibiotics in aquaculture fish samples by HPLC–MS/MS     

Consuelo Cháfer‐Pericás  Ángel Maquieira  Rosa Puchades  Begoña Company  Javier Miralles  Amelia Moreno 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e217-e225

An analytical method based on HPLC with MS/MS detection was developed and optimized in order to determine the most useful antibiotics (sulphonamides and tetracyclines) used in aquaculture. A simple extraction procedure, without any clean‐up step, was evaluated in order to obtain maximum analyte recovery from fish samples (Sparus aurata). A mixture of methanol:water 70:30 (v/v)+1 mL EDTA 0.1 M was selected as optimum extractant solution. Because no matrix effects were observed, a standard calibration curve prepared in mobile phase was used for quantification purposes. Antibiotic‐free fish samples were spiked at different concentration levels and analysed by the optimized HPLC method. The average recoveries (n=6) obtained were satisfactory, ranging from 88% to 110% at 100 μg kg^?1. The proposed methodology provided limits of detection for the tested antibiotics in the 1.2–16 μg kg^?1 range, lower than 100 μg kg^?1, the maximum residue level established by the European Union. Finally, commercial fish samples from different origins were analysed in order to confirm the usefulness of the developed methodology.  相似文献   

Meta-analysis quantifying the potential of dietary additives and rumen modifiers for methane mitigation in ruminant production systems     

Amelia K. Almeida  Roger S. Hegarty  Annette Cowie 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1219-1230

Increasingly countries are seeking to reduce emission of greenhouse gases from the agricultural industries, and livestock production in particular, as part of their climate change management. While many reviews update progress in mitigation research, a quantitative assessment of the efficacy and performance-consequences of nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane (CH₄) emissions from ruminants has been lacking. A meta-analysis was conducted based on 108 refereed papers from recent animal studies (2000–2020) to report effects on CH₄ production, CH₄ yield and CH₄ emission intensity from 8 dietary interventions. The interventions (oils, microalgae, nitrate, ionophores, protozoal control, phytochemicals, essential oils and 3-nitrooxypropanol). Of these, macroalgae and 3-nitrooxypropanol showed greatest efficacy in reducing CH₄ yield (g CH₄/kg of dry matter intake) at the doses trialled. The confidence intervals derived for the mitigation efficacies could be applied to estimate the potential to reduce national livestock emissions through the implementation of these dietary interventions.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary canola oil level on growth, fatty acid composition and osmoregulatory ability of juvenile fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)     

Amelia A.M. Grant  Daniel Baker  Dave A. Higgs  Colin J. Brauner  Jeffrey G. Richards  Shannon K. Balfry  Patricia M. Schulte 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,277(3-4):303-312

This study assessed refined canola oil (CO) as a supplemental dietary lipid source for juvenile fall chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, parr with respect to possible effects on their growth and osmoregulatory performance and body composition. Diets with equal protein ( 57%) and lipid ( 19%) content (dry weight basis) were supplemented with lipid from either anchovy oil (AO) or CO with AO so that CO comprised 0 (0CO), 11% (11CO), 22% (22CO), 33% (33CO), 43% (43CO) or 54% (54CO) of the dietary lipid content. Triplicate groups of juvenile chinook salmon were fed their prescribed diets for 104 days in freshwater (FW) and 31 days in seawater (SW) after a 4-day transition period. Dietary fatty acid compositions reflected the different proportions of AO and CO in the supplemental lipid. Diet treatment had no effect on fish growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, protein utilization, fish mortality or terminal whole body water and ash percentages. Whole body lipid percentages were higher in 11CO and 43CO fish than in 33CO fish and in 11CO fish versus 22CO fish. Whole body protein percentages were highest in 33CO, 43CO and 54CO fish and lowest in 0CO and 22CO fish. Terminal whole body fatty acid compositions were influenced strongly by the dietary fatty acid compositions. Haematocrit and muscle water percentages were not affected consistently and plasma Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations were unaffected by diet treatment in FW or 24-h seawater challenges during FW residency. Also, diet treatment had no effect on the physiological parameters after SW residency. We conclude that dietary treatment had no effect on fish growth performance under our experimental conditions. Also, the dietary inclusion of CO neither facilitated nor impaired the transfer of chinook salmon parr to seawater. Thus, CO was found to be an excellent and cost-effective source of supplemental dietary lipid for culture of juvenile fall chinook salmon during freshwater residency.  相似文献   

Effects of gastric distension on intraabdominal pressures in horses     

Elizabeth J. Barrett DVM  Amelia S. Munsterman DVM  MS  DACVS  DACVECC  R. Reid Hanson DVM  DACVS  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2013,23(4):423-428

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Subnanometer motion of cargoes driven by thermal gradients along carbon nanotubes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Barreiro A  Rurali R  Hernández ER  Moser J  Pichler T  Forró L  Bachtold A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5877):775-778

An important issue in nanoelectromechanical systems is developing small electrically driven motors. We report on an artificial nanofabricated motor in which one short carbon nanotube moves relative to another coaxial nanotube. A cargo is attached to an ablated outer wall of a multiwalled carbon nanotube that can rotate and/or translate along the inner nanotube. The motion is actuated by imposing a thermal gradient along the nanotube, which allows for subnanometer displacements, as opposed to an electromigration or random walk effect.  相似文献