Pigmentation and growth performance in the blue gourami,Trichogaster trichopterus,fed marigold,Calendula officinalis,powder, a natural carotenoid source     

Maryam Jorjani  Mostafa Sharif Rohani  Amin Mirhashemi Rostami  Harry Ako  Aileen Tan Shau Hwai 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(4):789-799

The present study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of marigold, Calendula officinalis, powder, 0 (control), 0.5% (M0.5), 1.5% (M1.5), and 2.5% (M2.5), on pigmentation and growth performance of the blue gourami after a 70‐day trial. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in fish growth performance and body compositions. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were weekly evaluated by examining a point posterior to the fish operculum. The marigold‐fed fish were darker than the control fish at Weeks 9 and 10. Yellowness intensity of the M2.5 was significantly higher than the other treatments at Week 9. Skin and caudal fin total carotenoids, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β‐carotene contents of the treatment M2.5 were significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. Muscle total carotenoids, astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin contents of the marigold‐treated fish were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group. Muscle β‐carotene contents of the treatments M1.5 and M2.5 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group. This study shows that marigold powder may be considered an efficient natural carotenoid source for pigmentation in blue gourami.  相似文献   

Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Oliveria decumbens     

Amin G  Sourmaghi MH  Zahedi M  Khanavi M  Samadi N 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(7-8):704-707

The essential oil of Oliveria decumbens was investigated for its components and antimicrobial activity against six bacteria and two fungal strains. The essential oil was characterized by a high amount of oxygenated monoterpene components of which thymol (47.06%) and carvacrol (23.31%) were the major components. The oil exhibited high antimicrobial activity against all tested Gram+ and Gram- bacteria and fungal strains.  相似文献   

Expression of garlic leaf lectin under the control of the phloem-specific promoter Asus1 from Arabidopsis thaliana protects tobacco plants against the tobacco aphid (Myzus nicotianae)     

Sadeghi A  Broeders S  De Greve H  Hernalsteens JP  Peumans WJ  Van Damme EJ  Smagghe G 《Pest management science》2007,63(12):1215-1223

BACKGROUND: To check for correlation between the insecticidal properties and the specificity of lectins, a comparative study was made of the insecticidal activities of two garlic lectins with different biological activities.RESULTS: The insecticidal activity of the garlic (Allium sativum L.) leaf lectin ASAL and bulb lectin ASAII towards the tobacco aphid Myzus nicotianae Blackman was studied using bioassays with transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38). Bioassays were started with newborn nymphs of the tobacco aphid. Although during the first 7-8 days when nymphs developed to adults there were no apparent effects, part of the nymphal population was found to develop into winged (alate) forms. Later it became clear that transgenic plants expressing ASAL and ASAII had a significant effect on the reproduction capacity of the resulting adults, with a reduction of up to 40%. Different life table parameters such as prereproductive time, intrinsic rate of natural increase, generation time and doubling time were significantly affected (P < 0.05) in aphids grown on transgenic plant material expressing ASAL and ASAII.CONCLUSION: Bioassays with tobacco plants expressing ASAL and ASAII demonstrated a significant impact on the population growth of M. nicotianae. Therefore, both lectins can be considered as valuable candidate aphid control agents.  相似文献   

Monitoring pyrethroid insecticide resistance in major malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies: comparison of molecular tools and conventional susceptibility test     

Djadid ND  Forouzesh F  Karimi M  Raeisi A  Hassan-Zehi A  Zakeri S 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2007,11(3):169-176

BACKGROUND: Anopheles culicifacies is a main malaria vector in southeastern part of Iran, bordring Afghanistan and Pakistan. So far, resistance to DDT, dieldrin, malathion and partial tolerance to pyrethroids has been reported in An. stephensi, but nothing confirmed on resistance status of An. culicifacies in Iran. METHODS: In current study, along with WHO routine susceptibility test with DDT (4%), dieldrin (0.4%), malathion (5%), permethrin (0.25%), lambadacyhalothrin (0.1%), and deltamethrin 0.025, we cloned and sequenced segment VI of domain II (SII6) in voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene of An. culicifacies specimens collected in Sistan and Baluchistan province (Iran). RESULTS: A 221-bp amplified fragment showed 91% and 93% similarity with exon I and exon II of An. gambiae. The size of intron II in An. culicifacies is 62 bp, while in An. gambiae is 57 bp. The major difference within An. culicifacies specimens and also with An. gambiae is in position 29 of exon I, which led to substitution of Leu to His amino acid. CONCLUSION: This data will act as first report on partial sequence of vgsc gene and its polymorphism in An. culicifacies. A Leu to His amino acid substitution detected upstream the formerly known knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation site could be an indication for other possible mutations related to insecticide resistance. However, the result of WHO susceptibility test carried out in Baluchistan of Iran revealed a level of tolerance to DDT and dieldrin, but almost complete susceptibility to pyrethroids in An. culicifacies. We postulate that the molecular diagnostic tool developed for detection and identification of kdr-related mutations in An. culicifacies, could be useful in monitoring insecticide resistance in Iran and neighbouring countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan. A phylogenetic tree also constructed based on the sequence of exon I and II, which readily separated An. culicifacies populations from An. stephensi, An. fluviatilis and An. gambiae.  相似文献   

Agent-specific responses in the cingulate cortex during economic exchanges     

Tomlin D  Kayali MA  King-Casas B  Anen C  Camerer CF  Quartz SR  Montague PR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5776):1047-1050

Interactions with other responsive agents lie at the core of all social exchange. During a social exchange with a partner, one fundamental variable that must be computed correctly is who gets credit for a shared outcome; this assignment is crucial for deciding on an optimal level of cooperation that avoids simple exploitation. We carried out an iterated, two-person economic exchange and made simultaneous hemodynamic measurements from each player's brain. These joint measurements revealed agent-specific responses in the social domain ("me" and "not me") arranged in a systematic spatial pattern along the cingulate cortex. This systematic response pattern did not depend on metrical aspects of the exchange, and it disappeared completely in the absence of a responding partner.  相似文献   

Preparation of different types of miso with mixture of starters and their effects on endogenous antioxidant of liver and kidney of mice     

El-Shenawy NS  Abu Zaid A  Amin GA 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(1):102-110

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of feeding the male mice with miso that was prepared with a mixture of microbial starters on the level of lipid peroxidation as a marker of oxidative stress, antioxidant power of hepatocytes, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant. The starters that were used in the preparation of miso were Aspergillus oryzae and Pleurotus ostreaus or A. oryzae and Bacillus subtilis. The miso that was prepared with A. oryzae and Bacillus subtilis has more effect on suppressing the oxidative stress and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant of hepatocytes and renal tissue of mice.  相似文献   

Vaccination with an autogenous bacterin fails to prevent colonization by Brachyspira intermedia in experimentally infected laying chickens     

Amin MM  Phillips ND  La T  Hampson DJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,133(4):372-376

Avian intestinal spirochaetosis (AIS) is a disease complex affecting adult laying and breeding chickens associated with infection by anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes of the genus Brachyspira. Options for control of AIS are limited, as few effective antimicrobial agents are registered for use in laying chickens. One of the two most commonly encountered pathogenic species in AIS is B. intermedia, and the aim of the current study was to determine whether a B. intermedia bacterin vaccine would help control AIS caused by this species. An autogenous bacterin was prepared from B. intermedia strain HB60 and given twice intramuscularly at a 3-week interval to 12 laying chickens housed in individual cages. Twelve non-vaccinated control chickens were placed in adjacent cages in the same room. Two weeks after the second vaccination all the chickens were experimentally challenged with B. intermedia HB60 by crop tube. Subsequently faeces were cultured for spirochaetes every 2-3 days, faecal water content and chicken weight were measured weekly, and egg numbers and weights were recorded daily. Serum was taken prior to both vaccinations, at the time of challenge and at euthanasia. The chickens were killed 6 weeks post-challenge. The vaccinated chickens showed seroconversion to the vaccine, but antibody levels declined significantly post-infection. In comparison, the non-vaccinated chickens showed seroconversion post-infection. The reason for the reduction in the antibody levels in the vaccinated chickens after infection was not explained. At some point all the chickens excreted spirochaetes in their faeces, and the duration of excretion was not different between vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens. There were no differences in faecal water content, chicken weights, egg production, or gross and microscopic caecal lesions between vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens. In conclusion, an autogenous bacterin vaccine did not prevent infection with B. intermedia in laying chickens.  相似文献   

Effect of topical 1% tropicamide on Schirmer tear test results in clinically normal horses     

Masoud Selk Ghaffari  Amin Sabzevari†  Behrad Radmehr 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(6):369-371

Objective  To observe the effect of topical 1% tropicamide on equine tear production as measured by Schirmer I tear test.
Materials and methods  Fourteen adult horses received one drop of 1% tropicamide ophthalmic solution in one eye and the opposite eye served as the control. The tear production in both eyes was tested at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after 1% tropicamide administration.
Results  Measurements made 1 h after treatment revealed a significant reduction in Schirmer tear test values in tropicamide treated eyes ( P  = 0.002). The observed decrease in tear production was maintained up to 4 h after treatment ( P  = 0.002). Although tropicamide-induced decrease in STT values was observed in the treated eyes, the contralateral eyes did not show significant changes in Schirmer tear test results.
Conclusion  Single dose of topical 1% tropicamide resulted in statistically significant reduction in Schirmer tear test values in clinically normal horses.  相似文献   

Gonadosomatic index and testis morphology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in rivers contaminated with estrogenic chemicals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hassanin A  Kuwahara S  Nurhidayat  Tsukamoto Y  Ogawa K  Hiramatsu K  Sasaki F 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(10):921-926

To study the effect of estrogenic chemicals on fish, the gonadosomatic index (GSI = [testis weight/body weight] x 100) and testis histology of mature common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from 2 contaminated sites (Ishizu and Wada rivers, Osaka) and a control site were examined between June 1998 and March 2001. The concentration of nonylphenol, bisphenol A and 17beta-estradiol in the Ishizu river was 3-4 times higher than in the Wada river. In the pre-breeding and breeding seasons, there were no significant differences in body weight among carp from the 3 sites, the body weight of Ishizu river carp being significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of Wada river fish only in the post-breeding season. The GSI and testis weight in fish from the Ishizu river were significantly lower (p<0.05) than in control fish during all phases of gonadal cycle and lower than in Wada river fish in the pre-breeding and post-breeding season. No histological abnormalities were found in the testes of the males examined. Histological observation of the testes revealed a delay in the onset of spermatogenesis in fish from the Ishizu river compared with those from the other sites. These results clearly imply that the estrogenic chemicals in the Ishizu river adversely affect the testis development of the fish.  相似文献   

Nematodes parasitizing domestic ruminants in Afghanistan.     

V Barus  A Amin  K Blazek  F Moravec 《Folia parasitologica》1976,23(3):207-216

A total of 12 nematode species were determined in the collection recovered from domestic ruminants in Afghanistan. Ten of them were found for the first time in this region: Trichocephalus globulosus, Trichostrongylus probolurus, Cooperia bisonis, Nematodirus spathiger, N. abnormalis, Thelazia rhodesi, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Haemonchus contortus, Dictyocaulus filaria and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Morphological and metrical characteristics of T. globulosus, T. skrjabini and C. bisonis, based on our own material, are added.  相似文献