Schistosoma bovis whole egg antigen did not protect Zebu calves against experimental schistosomosis     

Imadeldin E. Aradaib  Osama H. Omer  Babiker B. Abbas  Hamid O. Bushara  Khitma H. Elmalik  Amir M. Saad  Bennie I. Osburn  Martin G. Taylor 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1995,21(4):339-345

Six calves were immunized with whole egg antigen of Schistosoma bovis emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. The immune response was monitored by agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using AGID and ELISA, antibodies to whole egg antigen were detected in sera from all immunized calves, but not in sera from control calves. The immunized calves and six control calves were challenged 6 months after the beginning of the immunization with 20 000 cercariae of Schistosoma bovis administered percutaneously to the shaved tail. There was no significant difference between the immunized and the control calves as judged by fecal and tissue egg counts, worm recovery and hematological parameters. There was a lack of association between antibody production and protection.  相似文献   

Monitoring and decision-making processes for operating agricultural production systems     

Ilan Amir  Uri Shamir  Robert Stephen Broughton 《Agricultural Systems》1978,3(4):253-264

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Response of broiler chickens reared at high density to dietary supplementation with licorice extract and probiotic     

Neda Rashidi  Mohammad Reza Ghorbani  Ahmad Tatar  Somayyeh Salari 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(1):100-107

This study evaluated the effects of licorice extract and probiotic on performance, excreta characteristics and welfare‐related parameters of broiler chickens reared in high stocking density. Three hundred and thirty‐six 1‐day old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates for 42 days. Treatments were as follows: (a) positive control (PC, 12 chicks/m²); (b) negative control (NC, 18 chicks/m²); (c) NC + 500 ppm licorice extract (LE); (d) NC + 200 ppm probiotic (P); (e) NC + ppm LE + ppm P. Body weight gain (BWG) was affected negatively by increased density in the growing period (p < 0.05). At high density, BWG was increased in the growing and whole period by adding LE and P separately and in combination (p < 0.01). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not affected by stocking density. Excreta weight (g/bird) and dry matter (DM, %) were reduced by increasing density (p < 0.01). Use of feed additives at high stocking density had no significant effect on excreta weight, but DM content of excreta was higher in NC + LE + P than NC. Gait problems and footpad and hock burns were increased by increased stocking density, but were not altered by feed additives. In conclusion, licorice extract and probiotic improved BWG of broilers reared at high stocking density; however, these birds had some disorders in footpad, hock and walking ability.  相似文献   

Effect of press cycle time and resin content on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard panels made from the underutilized low-quality raw materials   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alireza Ashori  Amir Nourbakhsh 《Industrial Crops and Products》2008,28(2):225-230

In this study, the influence of press cycle time and resin content (RC) on some of the physical and mechanical properties of single-layer particleboard manufactured from the low-quality raw materials were determined. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), saltcedar (Tamarix stricta) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) wood, which is underutilized invasive species in southern parts of Iran, were used as alternative raw materials for particleboard manufacturing. Variable factors were as resin content (9, 10 and 11%) and press time (PT) (4, 5 and 6 min). Other parameters such as type of resin (UF), hardener content (2%), type of hardener (NH₄Cl), press-closing time (4.5 mm/s), board density (0.75 g/cm³), press pressure (30 kg/m²) and press temperature (160 °C) were held constant. The experimental panels were tested for their mechanical strength including modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB) and physical stability properties (thickness swelling) according to the procedures defined by European Union (EN) Standard. Overall results showed that most panels made from above-mentioned materials exceed the EN Standards for IB, MOE and MOR. The mechanical properties of particleboard were improved as the resin content increased from 9 to 11%. The results indicated that the polymerization of resin and wood is better at 11% resin content and 5 min of press time. However, thickness-swelling (TS) values were higher (poor) than requirements. Panels made of mesquite, saltcedar and date palm with a resin content of 11% and pressed for 5 min is adequate for general uses while eucalyptus with a resin content of 11% and pressed for 6 min is suitable for interior decoration.  相似文献   

The effects of electromagnetic field on the microstructure of seminal vesicles in rat: a light and transmission electron microscope study     

Khaki AA  Zarrintan S  Khaki A  Zahedi A 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(5):692-701

In the industrial world, almost everyone is unavoidably exposed to ambient electromagnetic field (EMF) generated from various technical and household appliances. Controversy exists about the effects of EMF on various tissues of the living bodies. Seminal vesicles as one of these accessory glands play an important role in natural seminal fluid formation and the effects of EMF on its tissue is worthy of investigation. In order to examine this 30 rat were selected and kept for one weeks in quarantine and 15 (experimental group) were exposed to 50 Hz (non-ionizing radiation) during postnatal life for 2 months. The materials were processed and observed under a light and transmission electron microscope. In the experimental rats epithelial and basal cells showed significant destructions presented by heterochromatin and dense nuclei. Cell debris and abnormal areas was recognizable in the stromal connective tissue. Obvious vacuolization was present within the epithelial cell cytoplasm and also between the cellular organelles. The nuclei of the endothelial cells of the blood vessels were more rigid and endothelial cell cytoplasm contained a lot of vacuoles and pinoctotic vesicles. The results suggested that EMF exposure may cause profound changes in the vesicle seminal tissues. Therefore exposure to EMF may result in pathological changes that lead to sub fertility and infertility.  相似文献   

Nonionic surfactant and interfacial structure impact crystallinity and stability of β-carotene loaded lipid nanodispersions     

Nik AM  Langmaid S  Wright AJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(16):4126-4135

The stability, crystallization, and melting behavior of canola stearin (CaSt) solid lipid nanoparticle dispersions (SLN) and canola oil-in-water emulsions (COE) with 10 wt % Poloxamer 188 (P188) or Tween 20 (T20) with and without 0.1 wt % β-carotene (BC) were investigated. Particles or droplets with diameters in the range of 115 nm were formed and stable for up to 90 days at 4 or 20 °C. Polymorphism was affected by surfactant type; that is, only β versus both β' and β were observed for the P188 and T20 SLN, respectively. According to Cryo-TEM, the emulsions and SLN were spherical versus platelet-like structures, respectively, with differences observed between SLN with P188 or T20. More surfactant was interfacially adsorbed in the SLN versus COE. Incorporation of BC at 0.1 wt % had no impact on SLN or COE size, polymorphism, or melting behavior. Less BC degradation was observed for the SLN versus COE and during storage at 4 versus 20 °C (p < 0.05).  相似文献   

Genetic diversity,population structure and differentiation of rice species from Niger and their potential for rice genetic resources conservation and enhancement     

Mounirou Sow  Marie-Noelle Ndjiondjop  Amir Sido  Cédric Mariac  Mark Laing  Gilles Bezançon 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(1):199-213

Rice genetic resources conservation and evaluation is crucial to ensure germplasm sources for further crop breeding. We conducted a wide collection of Oryza species in Niger and characterize its diversity with microsatellites (or simple sequence repeats, SSR). The aims of this research were to get a better understanding of the extent of genetic diversity, its structure and partition within rice eco-geographical zones of Niger. There were 264 accessions found in farmers’ and other fields: 173 O. sativa (Asia’s rice), 65 O. glaberrima (Africa’s rice), 25 O. barthii, and 1 O. longistaminata (weedy perennial rice), which were genotyped with 18 SSR. A total of 178 alleles were detected, with a mean of 9.89 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content was 0.65 and heterozygosity was estimated as 0.14. Two main well-differentiate genotypic groups, which correspond to Asian and African rice species, were identified. The SSR set divided the Asia’s rice group (solely indica) into irrigated and floating rice, with rainfed lowland rice in between. The African rice species group was composed of O. glaberrima, O. longistaminata and O. barthii accessions, but without any clear genetic differentiation among them likely due admixtures within the samples of O. barthii. Five accessions that could be natural interspecific hybrids were too admixed for assigning them to any of the two well-differentiated groups. The partitioning of the overall diversity showed that maximum variation was within genotypic groups and subgroups or cropping ecologies, rather than between eco-geographical zones. The eco-geographical distribution of the diversity suggests germplasm exchange in Niger. Next-steps for conserving rice and crop wild relatives in Niger could be taken using the findings of this research.  相似文献   

Simultaneous HPLC determination of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and lysine in selected Pakistani rice varieties by pre-column derivatization with 2-Hydroxynaphthaldehyde     

Amir Hayat  Taj Muhammad Jahangir  Muhammad Yar Khuhawar  Malik Alamgir  Amna Jabbar Siddiqui  Syed Ghulam Musharraf 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

A selective and sensitive HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and lysine in Pakistani rice varieties was developed. Both analytes were detected in rice varieties as Schiff base derivatives with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde. The derivatives were analyzed on a reverse phase C-18 column with Diode Array Detector (DAD) at 254 nm. The calibration curves were found linear over a concentration range of 3.83–34.58 μg/mL for GABA and 5.16–48.68 μg/mL for lysine with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 for both standards. GABA and lysine contents were found higher in brown rice varieties (4.1–6.58 mg/100 g for GABA and 15.1–27.6 mg/100 g for lysine) than the polished varieties (0.32–0.47 mg/100 g GABA and 13.1–19.8 mg/100 g lysine). This method could be used for separation and quantification of GABA and lysine simultaneously in food samples, especially in cereal seeds.  相似文献   

Effect of preceding crops and their residues on availability of zinc in a calcareous Zn-deficient soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hadi Habiby  Majid Afyuni  Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh  Rainer Schulin 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(7):1061-1067

Limited information is available on the effect of preceding crop on phytoavailability of zinc (Zn) in soil. This pot experiment examined the effect of four preceding crops including clover, sunflower, safflower, and sorghum residues on shoot and grain Zn uptake by two wheat genotypes differing in Zn-deficiency tolerance Back Cross and Kavir in a calcareous Zn-deficient soil. Incorporation of all preceding crop residues into the soil significantly increased organic matter (OM) content, dissolved organic C (DOC), and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Zn concentration in the soil. Residues of safflower and clover had the greatest effect on increasing DOC. Shoot and grain Zn concentrations were increased by incorporating all pre-crop residues into the soil although this increase was greater at safflower and clover treatments. Incorporation of sorghum residues into the soil had a negative effect on shoot and grain dry matter yield of wheat. Incorporation of safflower and clover residues into the soil increased Zn uptake by wheat shoot and grain. There was a positive significant correlation between shoot and grain Zn concentration with DOC in soil solution. It shows that DOC, produced from decomposition of crop residues, has facilitated Zn uptake by roots of wheat plants and particularly its transfer to grains.  相似文献   

The effect of preceding crop on wheat grain zinc concentration and its relationship to total amino acids and dissolved organic carbon in rhizosphere soil solution   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shabnam Soltani  Amir H. Khoshgoftarmanesh  Majid Afyuni  Mehran Shrivani  Rainer Schulin 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(2):239-247

The role of cropping systems practices in agronomic biofortification programs with the aim of increasing micronutrient density in food plants has to be clarified. In these field experiments, the effect of four preceding crops, i.e., sunflower (Heliantus annus L. cv. Allstar), Sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor L. cv. Speed Feed), clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv. Koseh-e-Isfahan), on the total amino acids (AA) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in rhizosphere soil solution and grain Zn content of successive wheat (Triticum aestivum cvs. Back Cross and Kavir) was investigated during 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 growing seasons. A fallow treatment was also considered as the control. In both growing seasons, preceding crops increased the concentrations of AA and DOC in the soil solution in comparison with the fallow control treatment; although the magnitude of this increase varied upon the preceding crop type and wheat cultivar. In general, clover and sunflower had greater effect on increasing soil solution DOC probably due to higher decomposability of their litter residues in soil. Preceding crops increased the total AA concentration, on average, by 45.9 % for the first year and 10.8 % for the second year. The preceding sorghum and clover had the highest and lowest influence on the concentration of AA in wheat rhizosphere soil solution, respectively. The preceding crops increased grain wheat Zn concentration and content over the fallow control treatment, although this effect was dependent on the crop type. For “Back Cross”, a positive and significant correlation was found between grain Zn concentration and soil solution DOC concentration (r?=?0.60, P?<?0.05) and particularly AA (r?=?0.76, P?<?0.001), while no such correlation was found for “Kavir”. At the second growing season, the concentration of AA in the rhizosphere of Back Cross was greater than that of Kavir, probably due to higher release of these compounds from the roots. According to the results, the preceding crop significantly affect grain Zn density of the successive wheat, that is, at least in part, by releasing soluble organic ligands into soil solution.  相似文献