Prevalence and Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in Farm Animals in Egypt     

Magdy Elsayed MAHFOUZ  Nabila MIRA  Said AMER 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(12):1569-1575

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Hybrid performance and heterosis in spring bread wheat, and their relations to SSR-based genetic distances and coefficients of parentage     

S. Dreisigacker  A. E. Melchinger  P. Zhang  K. Ammar  C. Flachenecker  D. Hoisington  M. L. Warburton 《Euphytica》2005,144(1-2):51-59

Development of hybrids is considered to be a promising avenue to enhance the yield potential of crops. We investigated (i) the amount of heterosis observed in hybrid progeny, (ii) relative importance of general (GCA) versus specific (SCA) combining ability, and (iii) the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance measures in four agronomic traits of spring bread wheat. Eight male and 14 female lines, as well as 112 hybrids produced in a factorial design were grown in replicated trials at two environments in Mexico. Principal coordinate analysis based on Rogers' distance (RD) estimates calculated from 113 SSRs revealed three different groups of parents. Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for grain yield averaged 0.02 t ha⁻¹ (0.5%) and varied from −15.33% to 14.13%. MPH and hybrid performance (F1P) were higher for intra-group hybrids than for inter-group hybrids, with low values observed in inter-group crosses involving two non-adapted Chinese parents. Combined analyses of variance revealed significant differences among parents and among hybrids. Estimates of GCA variances were more important than SCA variances for all traits. Tight correlations of GCA with line per se performance, and mid-parent value with F1P were observed for all traits. In contrast, correlations of MPH with RD and coefficient of parentage were not significant. It was concluded that the level of heterosis in spring wheat was too low to warrant a commercial exploitation in hybrids. SSRs proved to be a powerful tool for the identification of divergent groups in advanced wheat breeding materials.  相似文献   

Distribution and diversity of wildlife in northern Kenya in relation to livestock and permanent water points     

Jan de Leeuw  Margaret N. Waweru  Onyango O. Okello  Moses Maloba  Paul Nguru  Mohammed Y. Said  Hesbon M. Aligula  Ignas M. A. Heitk  nig  Robin S. Reid 《Biological conservation》2001,100(3):297-306

Arid rangelands host a variety of drought-tolerant wildlife species, many of them requiring conservation efforts for the survival of their populations. The development of drinking water sources for people and livestock forms one of the main development interventions in these rangelands. However, the impact of availability of permanent drinking water on wildlife remains unknown. In this study we analyzed the distribution of wildlife and livestock in northern Kenya in relation to distance to permanent water. Livestock were concentrated in areas close to permanent water, while wildlife were frequently farther away from water; their distributions were inversely correlated. In addition, wildlife assemblages were more diverse farther from water. These results suggest that livestock and human activities related to water points negatively affect the distribution of wildlife.  相似文献   

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Mediterranean landraces as sources of variability for allelic combinations at Glu-1/Glu-3 loci affecting gluten strength and pasta cooking quality     

Ruyman Nazco  Roberto Javier Peña  Karim Ammar  Dolors Villegas  José Crossa  Conxita Royo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(6):1219-1236

With the aim of identifying durum wheat landraces (LR) with a potential use in breeding programs for gluten strength enhancement, the allelic combinations present at five glutenin loci were determined in a collection of 155 LR from 21 Mediterranean countries. A set of 18 modern cultivars (MC) was used for comparison. Gluten strength was determined by SDS-sedimentation test on grain samples from field experiments conducted during 3 years. A total number of 131 different allelic/banding pattern combinations were found. Taking together high (HMW-) and low (LMW-) molecular weight glutenin subunit loci resulted in 126 combinations in LR, but only nine in MC, which are characterized for having strong gluten. Two LMW-2 type models were identified in the collection and LMW-1 types were absent. LMW-2 was present in 78 % of MC, including the only three with outstanding gluten strength (Ocotillo, Claudio and Meridiano), while 14 % of the LR had LMW-2 and 6 % LMW-2^?. In the LR a known combination LMW-2 (aaa) and three new ones had a positive effect on the gluten strength. LMW-2 models were found in high frequency in LR from Italy and the three Maghreb countries; from medium to low frequencies in genotypes from Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon, Portugal and Spain, and were absent in the remaining countries. The large variability found in LR proved their potential value in breeding to broaden the genetic basis of gluten quality improvement. Genotypes interesting for breeding purposes are identified.  相似文献   

Leaf morpho-physiology and phytochemistry of olive trees as affected by cultivar type and increasing aridity     

Said TOUATI 《干旱区科学》2022,14(10):1159-1179

The olive species (Olea europaea L.) is an ancient traditional crop grown under rainfed conditions in the Mediterranean Basin. In response to the growing national and international demand for olive oil, the olive cultivars are introduced into highly arid new bioclimatic areas. Subsequently, the morpho-physiology and phytochemistry of olive trees are potentially changing among cultivar types and geographical conditions. In the present work, we have undertaken an assessment on the impacts of geographical location and cultivar types on the leaf morpho-physiology and phytochemistry of olive trees. Thus, leaves of the two most cultivated olive tree varieties, Chemlal and Sigoise, were collected from three geographical regions (Setif, Batna, and Eloued) with increasing aridity in Algeria. Leaf samples from the geographical regions were analyzed using the standard physiological experiment, colorimetric method, and a chromatography assay. Leaves of both cultivars exhibited a significant variance in terms of the leaf shape index but not for the leaf tissue density, specific leaf weight, and specific leaf area. Photosynthetic pigment contents were affected by both cultivar type and geographical location, with the lowest pigment content recorded in the Sigoise cultivar from the Setif region. Compared with the Setif and Batna regions, dried leaves of both cultivars from the Eloued region showed the higher levels of the total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and total tannin, as well as a better antioxidant capacity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of all leaf extracts identified the following phenolic acids as major compounds: oleuropein, naringin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, luteolin-7-O-naringenin, and quinic acid. Lower contents were found for p-Coumaric acid, trans-Ferulic acid, hyperoside, rutin, apigenin, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, o-Coumaric acid, and gallic acid. Also, epicatechin and catechin+ were not found in the leaf extracts of the Sigoise cultivar. The leaf organic extracts in both cultivars displayed promising anti-cancer activity that was affected by geographical location and organic solvent polarity. Briefly, although increasing aridity and soil organic and mineral deficiency affected the leaf morpho-physiological parameters, both cultivars sustained a chemical richness, a good antioxidant, and an anti-tumoral capacity in leaves. Furthermore, the findings revealed that regardless the olive tree genotype, there was a significant impact of geographical location on the leaf morpho-physiology, bioactivity, and chemical composition, which may consequently modulate the growth and oil production of olive trees.  相似文献   

Identity and public health potential of Cryptosporidium spp. in water buffalo calves in Egypt     

Said Amer  Shereif Zidan  Yaoyu Feng  Haileeyesus Adamu  Na Li  Lihua Xiao 《Veterinary parasitology》2013,191(1-2):123-127

Little is known about the diversity and public health significance of Cryptosporidium species in water buffaloes. In this study, we examined the distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in water buffalo calves in Egypt. Rectal fecal specimens from 179 calves and 359 adults were screened microscopically for Cryptosporidium oocysts using modified Ziehl–Neelsen stain. Cryptosporidium spp. in 17 microscopy-positive specimens from calves were genotyped by DNA sequence analysis of the small-subunit rRNA gene, and Cryptosporidium parvum was subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene. Cryptosporidium ryanae was found in 10 specimens and C. parvum in 7 specimens, with the former belonging to the newly identified C. ryanae buffalo variant and the latter belonging to the subtypes IIdA20G1 (in 5 specimens) and IIaA15G1R1 (in 2 specimens). The prevailing occurrence of C. ryanae and the subtype family IId of C. parvum and the absence of C. bovis and C. andersoni represent some features of Cryptosporidium transmission in water buffaloes in Egypt.  相似文献   

鱼塘机械增氧管理决策支持系统（摘选）     

Moataz El Nemr  Mohamed El Nemr  Said Abozaher 《农业工程》2013,3(3):156-159

设计合理的决策支持系统（DSS）是一种基于软件的互动系统,旨在帮助决策者根据不同来源定义和解决问题,编译有用的信息。基于农场提供的最大增氧效率的有效数据,利用Microsoft Excel 2007电子表格设计了一款用于鱼塘机械增氧工艺管理的决策支持系统。该系统的使用将有助于农民和推广人员选择高效的增氧机和确定机组数量,并且在保证各鱼塘保持溶解氧含量在安全范围内的情况下,算得各鱼塘增氧机的功率和运转时间。电子表格方式适合于3种温水生长的鱼,分别为罗非鱼、梭鱼和鲤鱼。在设定实地条件下,电子表格计算结果与参考数据进行比较,结果表明电子表格结果符合参考值。在田间以机械（MAP）和非机械（NMAP）增氧数据对电子表格进行验证。利用该系统管理MAP能增产3.3%,与NMAP相比还节省了61.80%的水交换。试验结果表明,对于不同池塘水环境和鱼种类,决策支持系统精度提高的进一步研究中可以应用电子表格。   相似文献   

Breeding maize for resistance to ear rot caused by Fusarium moniliforme     

Hefny M  Attaa S  Bayoumi T  Ammar S  El-Bramawy M 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2012,15(2):78-84

Maize ear rots are among the most important impediments to increased maize production in Egypt. The present research was conducted to estimate combining abilities, heterosis and correlation coefficients for resistance to ear rot disease in seven corn inbred lines and their 21 crosses under field conditions. Results demonstrated that both additive and non-additive gene actions were responsible for the genetic expression of all characters with the preponderance of non-additive actions for days to 50% silking. The parental line L51 was the best combiner for earliness, low infection severity %, high phenols content, short plants and reasonable grain yield, while L101 was good combiner for low ear rot infection only. The cross: L122 x L84, L122 x L101, L51 x L101, L76 x L36, L76 x L84, L36 x L84, L36 x L81 and L36 x L101 which involved one or both parents with good General Combining Ability (GCA) effects expressed useful significant heterosis and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects for low infection severity %, high phenol contents, early silking, tall plants and high grain yield. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients suggest that selection for resistance to ear rot should identify lines with high yielding ability, early silking, tall plants, high phenols content and chitinase activity.  相似文献   

Treated Olive Mill Wastewater Effects on Soil Properties and Plant Growth     

Munir J. M. Rusan  Ammar A. Albalasmeh  Hanan I. Malkawi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(5):135

Olive-oil production has a vital impact on the socioeconomic development in most Mediterranean countries, where 97.5 % of the world oil is produced. However, the olive-oil extraction process generates considerable quantities of an agro-industrial effluent, olive mill wastewater (OMW), which has negative impact on the environment and biological life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of OMW treated by different technologies in irrigation and determine its effect on the plant growth and soil quality parameters. Different technologies were used to treat the OMW, the resultant treated OMW was used to irrigate the maize planted in the pot experiment. The results indicated that UOMW increased soil salinity and reduced plant growth, while the treated OMW by different technologies improved plant growth and resulted in lower soil pH. The impact on other soil properties varied depending on the techniques used for treatments. Although treated OMW enhanced plant growth compared with the untreated, the plant growth remained lower than that obtained using the potable water with fertilizers, indicating lack of some essential plant nutrients.  相似文献   

Association of phytoene synthase Psy1-A1 and Psy1-B1 allelic variants with semolina yellowness in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)     

Karen M. Campos  Conxita Royo  Albert Schulthess  Dolors Villegas  Iván Matus  Karim Ammar  Andrés R. Schwember 《Euphytica》2016,207(1):109-117

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