Editorial     

Ana Afonso 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

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Neospora caninum DNA detection by TaqMan real-time PCR assay in experimentally infected pregnant heifers     

Gabriel Ribas Pereira  Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel  Rodrigo Camponogara Bohrer  Janduí Escarião da Nóbrega  Gustavo Freitas Ilha  Paulo Roberto Antunes da Rosa  Werner Giehl Glanzner  Giovana Camillo  Patricia Braunig  João Francisco Coelho de Oliveira  Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):129-135

Neosporosis has been considered the main cause of abortion between the first and the second trimester of pregnancy in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the presence of Neospora caninum DNA obtained from experimental models based on the evaluation of different areas of the fetal nervous system and organs from heifers previously inoculated with NC-1 after or before insemination. This study was performed with Hereford × Nelore (n = 29) heifers and all animals were considered free of diseases at the beginning of the experiment. All animals were bred by fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) and allocated as follows: (a) seronegative heifers subjected to TAI (TAI, n = 9), (b) heifers infected with N. caninun 60 days prior to TAI (NC-1 + TAI, n = 9), and (c) heifers submitted to TAI and infected with N. caninum 60 days later (TAI + NC-1, n = 11). The pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography 35 days after TAI and evaluated every 30 days until the end of gestation. Fetuses were collected surgically at 170 days of gestation, and immediately necropsied to remove tissues aseptically. Samples of the central nervous system (CNS), heart, kidney, lung, liver, skeletal muscle and caruncle were collected for DNA extraction. Days of gestation at abortion and interval from abortion to first insemination were examined by Student's t-test. At 35 days of gestation the pregnancy rates in the group NC-1 + TAI (4/9, 44.4%) was lower than in the control group (8/9, 88.8%, P < 0.05). At 60 days, the pregnancy rates in the NC-1 + TAI group (0/4, 0%) was lower compared to TAI + NC-1 (5/7, 71.4%) and control (6/8, 75.0%) groups (P < 0.05). Animals from the group NC-1 + TAI were re-inseminated 60 days after the first TAI. After pregnancy losses throughout the study, 5 animals (TAI), 3 animals (NC-1 + TAI) and 5 animals (TAI + NC-1) maintained pregnancy until 170 days of gestation. TaqMan RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of N. caninum DNA in the medulla and right posterior cortex in 3 out of 5 fetuses from the TAI + NC-1 group. We concluded that heifers infected after TAI had a higher incidence of the parasite at the fetus CNS. Identification of N. caninum by TaqMan RT-PCR would assist in the investigation of infection and in the evaluation of vaccines or therapeutic drugs to control neosporosis in cattle.  相似文献   

Calicophoron daubneyi (Paramphistomidae) in slaughtered cattle in Castilla y León (Spain)     

M. Carmen Ferreras  Camino González-Lanza  Valentín Pérez  Miguel Fuertes  Julio Benavides  Mercedes Mezo  Marta González-Warleta  Javier Giráldez  Ana María Martínez-Ibeas  Laetitia Delgado  Miguel Fernández  M. Yolanda Manga-González 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):268-271

The prevalence and aetiology of natural paramphistomosis was investigated in cattle slaughtered in the Castilla y León region (Spain) over a 3 year-period. The overall prevalence of positive animals was 6.20%. The parasite burden per animal ranged from 8 to 8005 (median = 144) and the ruminal atrium had the highest parasite burden whereas the ruminal dorsal sac the lowest. The prevalence and parasite burden increased with age while these parameters were lower in cattle under intensive management. Calicophoron daubneyi was the only Paramphistomidae species identified using morphoanatomical, histological and molecular methods in the studied animals.  相似文献   

Enteral Fluid Therapy: Biochemical Profile of Horses Treated with Hypotonic Enteral Electrolyte Solutions Associated with Energy Sources     

José D.R. Filho  Ana E. Pessin  Kátia Atoji  Maria V. Souza  Claúdio L.N. Gomes  André R. Silva 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

The present study evaluated the biochemical profile of horses that received hypotonic electrolyte solutions associated with energy sources by enteral route in continuous flow using a small caliber tube for naso-esophageal administration. Experimental design was a latin square 3 × 3 with two replicates and three periods. The assays were carried out with “six adult females horses”, divided into three groups submitted to the following treatments each: electrolyte solution containing dextrose (ESDext)—“5 g sodium chloride, 0.5 g potassium chloride”, 1 g of calcium gluconate, 200 mg of magnesium pidolate, and 15 g of dextrose diluted in 1,000 mL of water with measured osmolarity of 264 mOsmol/L; electrolyte solution containing maltodextrine (ESMalt)—5 g of sodium chloride, 0.5 g of potassium chloride, 1 g of calcium gluconate, 200 mg of magnesium pidolate, and 15 g of maltodextrin diluted in 1,000 mL of water with measured osmolarity of 203 mOsmol/L; and electrolyte solution containing sucrose (ESSucr)—“5 g sodium chloride, 0.5 g potassium chloride”, 1 g of calcium gluconate, 200 mg of magnesium pidolate, and 15 g of sugar diluted in 1,000 mL of water with measured osmolarity of 234 mOsmol/L. The electrolyte solutions were administered at the dosage 15 mL/kg/h during 12 hours. Hypotonic enteral electrolyte solutions that contain maltodextrin (ESMalt) and dextrose (ESDext) were effective to increase glycemia in horses without causing any adverse effects, whereas ESSucr presented slight effect on blood glucose, but without causing electrolyte imbalances.  相似文献   

Microscopy and genomic analysis of Mycoplasma parvum strain Indiana     

Naíla C do Nascimento  Andrea P dos Santos  Yuefeng Chu  Ana MS Guimaraes  Aubrey N Baird  Ann B Weil  Joanne B Messick 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

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Experimental infection of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with West Nile virus isolates of Euro-Mediterranean and North American origins     

Javier Del Amo  Francisco Llorente  Jordi Figuerola  Ramón C Soriguer  Ana M Moreno  Paolo Cordioli  Herbert Weissenb?ck  Miguel ángel Jiménez-Clavero 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):33

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arboviral pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes in a cycle involving wild birds as reservoir hosts. The virus has recently emerged in North America and re-emerged in Europe. North American WNV outbreaks are often accompanied by high mortality in wild birds, a feature that is uncommon in Europe. The reason for this difference is unknown, but the intrinsic virulence of the viruses circulating in each continent and/or the susceptibility to the disease of Palearctic as opposed to Nearctic wild bird species could play a role. To assess this question, experimental inoculations with four lineage 1 WNV strains, three from southern Europe (Italy/2008, Italy/2009 and Spain/2007) and one from North America (NY99) were performed on house sparrows (Passer domesticus), a wild passerine common in both continents. Non-significant differences which ranged from 0% to 25% were observed in mortality for the different WNV strains. Viremias lasted from 1 to 5–6 days post-inoculation (dpi) in all cases; individuals inoculated with NY99 had significantly higher titres than those inoculated with any of the Euro-Mediterranean strains. Remarkably, host competence was found to be higher for NY99 than for the other strains. Consequently, albeit being pathogenic for house sparrows, some Euro-Mediterranean strains had reduced capacity for replication in -and transmission from- this host, as compared to the NY99 strain. If applicable also to other wild bird host species, this relatively reduced transmission capacity of the Euro-Mediterranean strains could explain the lower incidence of this disease in wild birds in the Euro-Mediterranean area.  相似文献   

A simplified surgical technique for correction of orbital adipose prolapse in the horse     

B. C. Foote  A. Beccar‐Varela  S. Carastro 《Equine Veterinary Education》2014,26(11):570-573

A Quarter Horse gelding underwent standing surgical correction of an orbital adipose prolapse through a subconjunctival approach removing the prolapsed fat without use of electrocautery or closure of the conjunctiva. This technique provided an acceptable long‐term cosmetic outcome. There was no recurrence of orbital adipose prolapse up to 15 months post operatively. The surgical procedure performed in this case is a simple technique, which could be performed in the field under sedation and local anaesthesia.  相似文献   

Herd-level risk factors for faecal shedding of Salmonella enterica in Spanish fattening pigs     

Carina García-Feliz  Ana Carvajal  Jesús ngel Collazos  Pedro Rubio 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,91(2-4):130-136

Herd-level risk factors for faecal shedding of Salmonella enterica were investigated in a cross-sectional study on Spanish finishing units. For this purpose, 10 faecal samples were collected from 10 different pens containing pigs close to market weight in a total of 232 fattening units. The total sample size was proportionally distributed according to the fattener census in each of the regions and provinces of the country in order to ensure a sample representative of the entire swine population. All samples were individually examined by culture of 25 g of faecal material. Data regarding characteristics and management of each fattening unit were collected by means of a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to detect relationships between the detection of faecal shedding of S. enterica and potential herd-level risk factors. The feeding of pelleted feed was associated with an increased risk of culture-positive faecal samples (OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.22, 4.26). The odds of a farm being Salmonella positive were associated with its size. Fattening units that slaughtered more than 3500 pigs per year had a higher risk for Salmonella faecal shedding (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 0.96, 3.31). Interventions at these two points should be considered when designing or managing growing pig facilities to reduce Salmonella faecal shedding by fatteners.  相似文献   

The dog or its muzzle as a Signal of danger for humans     

Anaïs Racca  Claude Baudoin 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2009,4(2):94

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Effect of neutral detergent soluble fibre on digestion, intestinal microbiota and performance in twenty five day old weaned rabbits     

María Soledad Gmez-Conde  Ana Prez de Rozas  Ignacio Badiola  Luis Prez-Alba  Carlos de Blas  Rosa Carabao  Javier García 《Livestock Science》2009,125(2-3):192-198

The effect of neutral detergent soluble fibre (NDSF) level on digestibility, fermentation traits, intestinal microbiota and performance was studied in weaned rabbits. A control diet (DA) containing 103 g NDSF/kg DM included dehydrated alfalfa as the main source of fibre. Another diet (B-AP) was formulated by replacing half of the dehydrated alfalfa with a mixture of beet and apple pulp resulting in 131 g NDSF/kg DM. A third diet (OH) was obtained by substituting half of the dehydrated alfalfa with a mix of oat hulls and a soybean protein concentrate and contained 79 g NDSF/kg DM. All diets contained similar levels of total fibre (NDSF + neutral detergent fibre), starch and protein (446, 208, and 199 g/kg DM, respectively). Forty-two rabbits (14/diet) weaned at 25 days were used to determine faecal digestibility from 32 to 35 days of age. This group, plus another nine rabbits/diet (23/diet), were used to determine weight of stomach and caecum and their contents, caecal fermentation traits and similarity rate (SR) of intestinal microbiota. Another 105 and 245 weaned rabbits were used to determine growth traits and mortality, respectively. From 25 to 39 days of age, rabbits were fed the experimental diets and from 39 to 60 days they were fed a commercial diet, including robenidine hydrochloride in all diets. Drinking water was supplemented with apramicine sulfate and tylosine tartrate throughout the experimental period. Faecal and energy digestibility increased linearly by 8% and NDF digestibility by 43% between extreme diets with NDSF inclusion (P < 0.001). Weight of total gastrointestinal tract decreased linearly and quadratically with NDSF reduction (P = 0.008 and P = 0.089, respectively). Stomach pH decreased linearly with increasing levels of NDSF (P ≤ 0.041). Weight of caecal contents increased linearly between animals fed OH and B-AP diets (P < 0.001). Level of inclusion of NDSF had no effect (P ≥ 0.12) on pH, VFA concentration and VFA molar proportions in caecal contents. Treatments appeared to influence the SR of caecal microbiota but a lesser effect was observed on ileal microbiota. Post weaning feed efficiency (25–39 days) increased linearly (P < 0.001) with NDSF inclusion by 10% between extreme diets, and by 3% in the whole fattening period (P = 0.027). Average feed intake during the post weaning (25–39 days) and the whole fattening period increased with NDSF reduction (P ≤ 0.079). No effect of NDSF was detected on average daily gain (P ≥ 0.15). Mortality decreased linearly with increasing levels of NDSF in the post weaning and in the whole fattening period (P = 0.086 and 0.016, respectively).  相似文献