In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of pomegranate juice phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and vitamin C   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Pérez-Vicente A  Gil-Izquierdo A  García-Viguera C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(8):2308-2312

Pomegranate is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins, other phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid. In the present work an in vitro availability method has been used to assay the influence of the physiological conditions in the stomach and small intestine. This method enables the study of the release of anthocyanins, vitamin C, and total phenols from the pomegranate juice and their transformations during gastrointestinal digestion. Results have shown that pomegranate phenolic compounds are available during the digestion in a quite high amount (29%). Nevertheless, due to pH, anthocyanins are largely transformed into non-red forms and/or degraded (97%), and similar results are obtained for vitamin C (>95% degradation).  相似文献   

Novel inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain: oximes and pyrrolines isolated from Penicillium brevicompactum and synthetic analogues     

Cantín A  López-Gresa MP  González MC  Moya P  Miranda MA  Primo J  Romero V  Peris E  Estornell E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(21):8296-8301

The capacity of inhibition of the mammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain of brevioxime 5a, a natural insecticide compound isolated from Penicillium brevicompactum culture broth, and another 15 analogue compounds, other oximes 5b and 5c; two diastereomeric pyrrolidines 1c' and 1c' '; five pyrrolines 3c', 3c' ' (diastereomers between them), 3a, 3b, and 6; two oxazines 4c' and 4c' ' (also diastereomers between them); and four pyrrol derivatives 7-10, are analyzed in this paper. Compounds 3b, 3c', 3c' ', 4c', 4c' ', 5b, 5c, 6, and 10 were found to be inhibitors of the integrated electron transfer chain (NADH oxidase activity) in beef heart submitochondrial particles (SMP), establishing that all of them except compound 3b and 6 only affected to complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The most potent product was 5b, with an IC50 of 0.27 microM, similar to the IC50 values of other known complex I inhibitors. The diastereomeric pairs 1c'/1c' ', 3c'/3c' ', 4c'/4c' ', and 5c have not been previously described. Chemical characterization, on the basis of spectral data, is also shown.  相似文献   

Population genetic structure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus phoenicea</Emphasis> (Cupressaceae) in the western Mediterranean Basin: gradient of diversity on a broad geographical scale     

Artur Dzialuk  Małgorzata Mazur  Krystyna Boratyńska  Jose M. Montserrat  Angel Romo  Adam Boratyński 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(8):1341-1350

• Introduction, Material and Methods  

The genetic structure and diversity of ten natural populations of Juniperus phoenicea L. from the western part of the species range have been studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.  相似文献   

Resveratrol treatment controls microbial flora, prolongs shelf life, and preserves nutritional quality of fruit     

Jiménez JB  Orea JM  Montero C  Ureña AG  Navas E  Slowing K  Gómez-Serranillos MP  Carretero E  De Martinis D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1526-1530

Resveratrol is known as a grapevine secondary metabolite with fungicide activity. Its exogenous application on harvested grapes resulted in the reduction of microbial flora growth, and consequently, prolonged shelf life, without affecting the nutritional quality of the fruit. Resveratrol treatment also resulted in being effective on fruit that normally does not accumulate such metabolites as, for example, tomatoes, apples, avocado pears, and peppers. As a result, all treated fruits maintained their post-harvest quality and health longer than the untreated ones. This study demonstrates the potential use of resveratrol as a natural pesticide to reduce post-harvest fungi development on a broad spectrum of fruit types.  相似文献   

Development of a novel and automated fluorescent immunoassay for the analysis of beta-lactam antibiotics   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Benito-Peña E  Moreno-Bondi MC  Orellana G  Maquieira A  van Amerongen A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(17):6635-6642

An automated immunosensor for the rapid and sensitive analysis of penicillin type beta-lactam antibiotics has been developed and optimized. An immunogen was prepared by coupling the common structure of the penicillanic beta-lactam antibiotics, i.e., 6-aminopenicillanic acid to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits after immunization with this conjugate have been applied for the development of a competitive fluoroimmunoassay (FIA), using a novel fluorescent penicillin {[2S,5R,6R]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-[(pyren-1ylacetyl)amino]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxilic acid, PAAP} as the tracer and penicillin G as the reference antibiotic. Protein A/G covalently bound to an azlactone-activated polymeric support was used for the orientated capture of the antibody-antigen immunocomplexes. Upon desorption from the immunosupport, the emission signal generated by the PAAP-Ab complexes is related to the antibiotic concentration in the sample. The 50% binding inhibition concentration of penicillin G standard curves was at 30 ng mL(-)(1) with a detection limit (10% binding inhibition) of 2.4 ng mL(-)(1) and a dynamic range from 6.0 to 191 ng mL(-)(1) (20-80% binding inhibition) penicillin G. The generic nature of the antiserum was shown by good relative cross-reactivities with penicillin type beta-lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin (50%), ampicillin (47%), and penicillin V (145%) and a lower response to the isoxazolyl penicillins such as oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin. No cross-reactivity was obtained for cephalosporin type beta-lactam antibiotics (cephapirin), cloramphenicol, or fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin). The total analysis time was 23 min per determination, and the immunoreactor could be reused for more than 200 cycles without significant loss of activity. The immunosensor has been successfully applied to the direct analysis of penicillin G and amoxicillin in spiked influent and effluent sewage treatment plant water samples with excellent recoveries (mean values for penicillin G and amoxicillin, 99 and 105%, respectively). Results displayed by comparative analysis of the immunosensor with a chromatographic procedure for penicillins showed excellent agreement between both methods.  相似文献   

In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of broccoli inflorescence phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, and vitamin C     

Vallejo F  Gil-Izquierdo A  Pérez-Vicente A  García-Viguera C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(1):135-138

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica cv. Marathon) inflorescences are a good source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics (flavonoids and hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives), glucosinolates, and vitamin C. In this work, these health-promoting compounds were submitted to digestion under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions (pH, temperature, enzyme, and chemical conditions). This technique differentiated among the compounds associated with macromolecules in soluble and insoluble form and those that are freely soluble. In addition, it evaluates the chemical stability of the broccoli compounds under simulated physiological conditions. The gastric digestion of broccoli caused high losses in glucosinolates (69% loss), whereas phenolics and vitamin C presented higher stability under these conditions. Thus, there were no losses in flavonoids, a 7% loss of vitamin C, and a variable rate of loss (6-25%) in hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The stability of all of the compounds was affected by the in vitro intestinal conditions. Under the in vitro conditions, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamoyl acid derivatives were of low availability, due to their significant losses under these conditions, at the end of the experiment (84 and 80% loss, respectively). Vitamin C was the metabolite that showed the greater decrease after intestinal digestion (91% loss). Regarding the remaining glucosinolates, these compounds presented higher stability under intestinal conditions, rendering an availability similar to that found for phenolics (75% loss). Therefore, broccoli components were affected by gastric and/or intestinal conditions depending on the type of compound. Thus, glucosinolates were mainly degraded by gastric conditions, whereas phenolic compounds and vitamin C were degraded by intestinal conditions.  相似文献   

Destruction of chloroanisoles by using a hydrogen peroxide activated method and its application to remove chloroanisoles from cork stoppers     

Recio E  Alvarez-Rodríguez ML  Rumbero A  Garzón E  Coque JJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(23):12589-12597

A chemical method for the efficient destruction of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) and pentachloroanisole (PCA) in aqueous solutions by using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant catalyzed by molybdate ions in alkaline conditions was developed. Under optimal conditions, more than 80.0% TCA and 75.8% PCA were degraded within the first 60 min of reaction. Chloroanisoles destruction was followed by a concomitant release of up to 2.9 chloride ions per TCA molecule and 4.6 chloride ions per PCA molecule, indicating an almost complete dehalogenation of chloroanisoles. This method was modified to be adapted to chloroanisoles removal from the surface of cork materials including natural cork stoppers (86.0% decrease in releasable TCA content), agglomerated corks (78.2%), and granulated cork (51.3%). This method has proved to be efficient and inexpensive with practical application in the cork industry to lower TCA levels in cork materials.  相似文献   

Possible control mechanisms of feather follicle movement in the pectoral tract of the chicken     

I M Levinger  S Angel  M Hyams 《Veterinary research communications》1985,9(2):153-162

Feather follicle movement control was studied on feathers of the pectoral tract in the anaesthetized chicken. Dissection of nerves leading to the follicles showed that their origin was at least partially in the sympathetic ganglia. Reflectoric ruffling of feathers could be obtained after adequate stimulation. Intravenous injections of drugs in doses which influenced the circulation gave the following results: Adrenaline caused erection of feathers which was abolished by phentolamine. Noradrenaline caused up and down movements after injection only at high doses. Similar results were obtained by placing of skin pieces in saline containing the drugs. The reaction to drugs was typical always for a given group of feathers. Killing of birds and anaesthesia caused general erection of feathers which was not abolished by phentolamine. The findings suggest that adrenergic synapses are involved in feather follicle movement control, but at least another mechanism (CNS) regulates feather follicle movement.  相似文献   

Recent changes in landscape structure and function in a mediterranean region of SW Spain (1950–1984)     

Rocío Fernandez Ales  Angel Martin  Fernando Ortega  Enrique E. Ales 《Landscape Ecology》1992,7(1):3-18

Recent economic development has altered landscape structure and function of a mediterranean region in Southwestern Spain. Intensive agricultural systems have concentrated in the more fertile areas, while marginal ones have been abandoned. As a result, landscape structure has changed. Consequences of this structural change on landscape processes are discussed.  相似文献   

Estimates of environmental effects and genetic parameters for body measurements and weight in Brahman cattle raised in Mexico     

C. D. U. Magnabosco  M. Ojala  A. De Los Reyes  R. D. Sainz  A. Fernandes  T. R. Famula 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2002,119(4):221-228

A Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (DFREML) algorithm was used with single trait and two traits animal models to estimate the variance and covariance components and thus, heritabilities and phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations among nine different body measurements and weights of Brahman cattle raised in Mexico. The following measurements were considered: hip width, pin width, hip‐pin width, anterior height, posterior height, body length, thorax perimeter, scrotal circumference and weight. The analysis was based on a total of 1018 animals, born between 1992 and 1995, from 17 herds in the Mexican States of Chiapas, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas and Veracruz. The model included the following fixed effects: herd, year‐season of birth, sex, age of the animal and feed management. The only random effect was the direct additive genetic contribution of each animal. All fixed effects in the model were significant for all traits (p < 0.05). Estimated heritabilities for the traits were: hip width 0.57, pin width 0.32, hip‐pin width 0.41, anterior height 0.56, posterior height 0.54, body length 0.32, thorax perimeter 0.49, scrotal circumference 0.02 and weight 0.66. The magnitude of the heritabilities was medium to high, with the exception of scrotal circumference. The genetic correlations among all body measurements were consistently positive and high, ranging from 0.64 to 1.00. Although other measures showed higher genetic correlations with weight, thorax perimeter combines a high value (0.70) with ease and repeatability, making it a useful field measurement to estimate body weight when scales are not available.  相似文献