Genome-wide analysis of root hair-preferential genes in rice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sunok Moon  Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran  Gynheung An  Chanhui Lee  Ki-Hong Jung 《Rice》2018,11(1):48

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Nitrogen Mineralization as Influenced by Different Organic Manures in an Inceptisol in the Foothill Himalayas     

Vikas Sharma  Sajad H. Mir  Anil Sharma 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(2):194-202

Nitrogen-use efficiency can be enhanced through an understanding of the nitrogen (N) mineralization behavior of organic sources. An incubation study was conducted to assess the impact of organic manures on N mineralization. The manures, farmyard manure (FYM), Leucaena leucocephala, and poultry manure, were applied to the soil alone or along with urea. There was a rapid increase in the amount of mineral N released with a peak appearing either at 14 days (+urea treatments) or 21 days (manure only) of aerobic incubation. Thereafter the net N mineralized decreased gradually and levelled off beyond day 56. Overall the cumulative net N mineralized after 98 days of incubation was in the order urea > Leucaena + urea > poultry manure + urea _> FYM + urea > Leucaena > poultry manure > FYM > zero N. The potentially mineralizable N (N₀) was lower in treatments where urea was not applied.  相似文献   

Influence of Dual Inoculation of AM Fungi and Rhizobium on Growth Indices,Production Economics,and Nutrient Use Efficiencies in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)     

Bengia Bai  Vinod K. Suri  Anil Kumar  Anil K. Choudhary 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(8):941-954

Field experimentation was conducted at Palampur, India during 2011–2012 in an acid Alfisol to quantify the influence of integrated use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Rhizobium and inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on growth, productivity, profitability, and nutrient use efficiencies in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice comprising 13 treatments involving AMF (Glomus mosseae), Rhizobium (R. leguminosarum), and inorganic N and P fertilizers. The results revealed that dual inoculation of pea seed with AMF and Rhizobium enhanced the plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation significantly by 19.4 and 13.1, 10.7 and 10.7, and 16.6 and 16.7%, respectively at 60 and 120 days after sowing (DAS). Similarly, dual inoculation exhibited significant respective increases of 9.5 and 14.6% in absolute and crop growth rates over generalized recommended NP potassium (K) dose (GRD) during 60–120 DAS. The dual inoculation led to significant respective increases of 1.0 and 2.2, 1.06 and 1.74, 0.21 and 1.5, and 1.05 and 1.60 folds in partial factor productivity, crop recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency, and % recovery of applied N and P, respectively over GRD. The magnitude of increase in pea productivity, net returns, and boron to carbon (B:C) ratio following dual inoculation was to the tune of 20, 54.4, and 104.1%, respectively over GRD. Dual inoculation also exhibited significant increases of 19.4 and 53.1% in production and monetary efficiencies of pea over GRD. Overall, dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium with 75% soil-test-based N and P dose in pea has great potential in enhancing pea productivity, profitability, and nutrient use efficiency besides saving about 25% fertilizer N and P without impairing pea productivity in Himalayan acid Alfisol.  相似文献   

In-vitro antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani and their response towards growth of cucumber,bottle gourd and bitter gourd     

Anil Kotasthane  Toshy Agrawal  Renu Kushwah  Onkar V. Rahatkar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,141(3):523-543

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Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review     

Anil K Puniya  Abdelfattah Z M Salem  Sanjay Kumar  Sumit S Dagar  Gareth W Griffith  Monica Puniya  Sreenivas R Ravella  Nikhil Kumar  Tejpal Dhewa  Ravinder Kumar 《农业科学学报》2015,14(3):550-560

To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants.  相似文献   

Proline and Glutamine Improve in vitro Callus Induction and Subsequent Shooting in Rice     

Pawar Bhausaheb  Kale Prashant  Bahurupe Jyoti  Jadhav Ashok  Kale Anil  Pawar Sharad 《水稻科学》2015,22(6):283

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of proline and glutamine on in vitro callus induction and subsequent regeneration and to develop a reproducible and highly efficient plant regeneration protocol in four rice genotypes, viz. Pawana, Jaya, Indrayani and Ambemohar. Considerable variation in response to plant growth regulators and amino acid supplements used was observed in all the four genotypes. Medium supplemented with proline and glutamine was shown to be superior to medium without proline and glutamine. The best callusing from mature embryo was observed on Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D), 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Shoot induction was higher in the callus obtained from medium supplemented with 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. The highest shoot regeneration frequency(83.2%) was observed on MS medium with 2.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine, 0.5 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 500 mg/L proline, and 500 mg/L glutamine in the callus obtained from MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 500 mg/L proline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Among the four genotypes, Pawana has the highest regeneration efficiency(83.2%), whereas the regeneration efficiency of the rest three rice genotypes was in the range of 32.0% to 72.3%. This optimized regeneration protocol can be efficiently used for Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in rice.  相似文献   

A study on optimization of marigold petal yield,pure lutein,and formulation of free-flowing lutein esters     

Bipransh Kumar Tiwary  Anil Kumar  Ashis Kumar Nanda  Ranadhir Chakraborty 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(3):175-181

The present study was conducted with the main objective to optimize petal yield from important marigold cultivars in West Bengal, and to standardize isolation of lutein from petals because these dietary xanthophylls are known to reduce the risks of agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. Six cultivars were studied viz. African marigold-Double (AFM-D), African marigold-Single (AFM-S), African marigold-Orange (AFM-O), French marigold-Orange (FRM-O), French marigold-Double (FRMD), and LC (Local type), which withstand typical environmental conditions of northern West Bengal and produce flowers that do not vary in color and are relatively unaffected by pests and diseases. Lutein esters were extracted from milled marigold petals using nhexane. However, overall performance showed that LC is superior to the other cultivars. Pure lutein was obtained after saponification with 50% KOH. The re-crystallized lutein was characterized by UV-VIS, IR spectroscopy, and HPLC. A free-flowing lutein ester was also formulated. This free-flowing lutein ester was found to be suitable to undergo commercialization or subsequent processing. An economic method for petal yield and isolation of lutein was thus standardized.  相似文献   

Identification of biomarker for determining genotypic potential of nitrogen-use-efficiency and optimization of the nitrogen inputs in crop plants     

Anil Kumar  Nidhi Gupta  Atul Kumar Gupta  Vikram Singh Gaur 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(4):183-194

Worldwide, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for crop plants is of great concern. The burgeoning world population needs crop genotypes that respond to higher nitrogen and show a direct relationship to yield with use of nitrogen inputs, i.e. high nitrogen-responsive genotypes. However, for fulfilling the high global demand of organic produce, it requires the low nitrogen responsive genotypes with greater NUE and grain yields. The lack of knowledge about precise regulatory mechanisms to explain NUE in crop plants hampers the goal of agricultural productivity. Understanding the molecular basis of NUE will enable to provide handle for crop improvement through biotechnological means. With the advent of modern genomics and proteomics approaches such as subtractive hybridization, differential display, and microarray techniques are revolutionizing to identify the candidate genes which play a pivotal role in the regulation of NUE. Beside it, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology is also being used to establish marker-trait association for NUE. The identification of potential candidate genes/proteins in the regulation of NUE will serve as biomarker(s) for screening genotypes for their nitrogen responsiveness for optimization of nitrogen input in agriculture. This paper describes the molecular basis of NUE with respect to nitrogen metabolism and its intimate relationship with carbon metabolism, use of molecular-physiological-genetics approaches for understanding the role of various genes/proteins, and their validation to use as biomarker(s) for determining genotypic potential for NUE. Since NUE in plants is a complex trait which not only involves the primary process of nitrogen uptake and assimilatory pathways but also a series of events, including metabolite partitioning, secondary remobilization, C-N interactions, as well as molecular signalling pathways and regulatory control outside the metabolic cascades. Therefore, identification of novel nitrogen responsive genes and their cis- and trans-acting gene elements is essential. Thus, fishing out a single gene, biomarker or a master regulator controlling complex trait of NUE could serve as an appropriate strategy for nitrogen management in agriculture.  相似文献   

Influence of staggered sown Spring sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) at varying intra–row spacing and applied–N on pre– and post–anthesis N dynamics and dry matter partitioning in Indo–Gangetic Plains Region     

Buta Singh Dhillon  Pawan Kumar Sharma  Anil Kumar Choudhary 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(16):2002-2015

In current study, dry–matter accumulation (DMA), pre– and post–anthesis nitrogen (N) accumulation, N translocation (NT) and dry–matter partitioning by sunflower seeds was investigated under three sowing dates (January 20, February 10 & March 2), two intra–row spacings (30 & 24 cm) and four nitrogen doses (0, 45, 60 & 75 kg ha^–1) in two alluvial soils. Early sowing resulted in higher DMA and NT; leading to higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) that could be associated with higher pre–anthesis N accumulation. The closer intra–row spacing resulted in higher DMA by all plant parts except seed. Each graded N dose improved DMA, but improvement in dry–matter partitioning to seed was significant up to 60 and 75 kg N ha^–1 during 2014 and 2015, respectively owing to higher NT under respective treatments. NUE was highest at 60 kg N ha^–1 during both years.  相似文献   

All three classes of CpG ODNs up-regulate IP-10 gene in pigs     

Arshud Dar  Anil Nichani  Andy Potter  Lorne A. Babiuk 《Research in veterinary science》2010,88(2):242-250

The analysis of CpG ODN induced innate immune responses in different animal species has shown substantial similarities and differences in levels and types of induced cytokines profile. The objectives of these studies were to identify innate immune biomarkers activated by three classes of CpG ODNs in pigs. For this purpose, we investigated the kinetics of innate immune responses in immune cells from pigs following in vitro and in vivo stimulation with CpG ODNs. The mRNA expression of cytokine and chemokine genes were assayed by SYBR^@ green based quantitative real time PCR. A-class CpG ODN induced significant but transient levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 (P40), IL-6, IL-4 and TNF-α mRNA, C-class CpG ODN induced significant level of IFN-γ, IFN-α and IL-12 mRNA and the lowest level of IL-4 (Th-2 type) mRNA. A very low level of some cytokines stimulation was observed by GC ODNs. It is noteworthy, that IL-12 (P35) mRNA was significantly stimulated by B-class GpC ODN 7909. Interestingly, all classes of CpG ODNs induced significant level of IP-10 at 12 h post stimulation. These in vitro and in vivo observations suggest that interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) may be a reliable biomarker for immune activity induced by CpG ODNs in pigs.  相似文献