Identification of biomarker for determining genotypic potential of nitrogen-use-efficiency and optimization of the nitrogen inputs in crop plants     

Anil Kumar  Nidhi Gupta  Atul Kumar Gupta  Vikram Singh Gaur 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(4):183-194

Worldwide, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for crop plants is of great concern. The burgeoning world population needs crop genotypes that respond to higher nitrogen and show a direct relationship to yield with use of nitrogen inputs, i.e. high nitrogen-responsive genotypes. However, for fulfilling the high global demand of organic produce, it requires the low nitrogen responsive genotypes with greater NUE and grain yields. The lack of knowledge about precise regulatory mechanisms to explain NUE in crop plants hampers the goal of agricultural productivity. Understanding the molecular basis of NUE will enable to provide handle for crop improvement through biotechnological means. With the advent of modern genomics and proteomics approaches such as subtractive hybridization, differential display, and microarray techniques are revolutionizing to identify the candidate genes which play a pivotal role in the regulation of NUE. Beside it, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology is also being used to establish marker-trait association for NUE. The identification of potential candidate genes/proteins in the regulation of NUE will serve as biomarker(s) for screening genotypes for their nitrogen responsiveness for optimization of nitrogen input in agriculture. This paper describes the molecular basis of NUE with respect to nitrogen metabolism and its intimate relationship with carbon metabolism, use of molecular-physiological-genetics approaches for understanding the role of various genes/proteins, and their validation to use as biomarker(s) for determining genotypic potential for NUE. Since NUE in plants is a complex trait which not only involves the primary process of nitrogen uptake and assimilatory pathways but also a series of events, including metabolite partitioning, secondary remobilization, C-N interactions, as well as molecular signalling pathways and regulatory control outside the metabolic cascades. Therefore, identification of novel nitrogen responsive genes and their cis- and trans-acting gene elements is essential. Thus, fishing out a single gene, biomarker or a master regulator controlling complex trait of NUE could serve as an appropriate strategy for nitrogen management in agriculture.  相似文献   

Influence of staggered sown Spring sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) at varying intra–row spacing and applied–N on pre– and post–anthesis N dynamics and dry matter partitioning in Indo–Gangetic Plains Region     

Buta Singh Dhillon  Pawan Kumar Sharma  Anil Kumar Choudhary 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(16):2002-2015

In current study, dry–matter accumulation (DMA), pre– and post–anthesis nitrogen (N) accumulation, N translocation (NT) and dry–matter partitioning by sunflower seeds was investigated under three sowing dates (January 20, February 10 & March 2), two intra–row spacings (30 & 24 cm) and four nitrogen doses (0, 45, 60 & 75 kg ha^–1) in two alluvial soils. Early sowing resulted in higher DMA and NT; leading to higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) that could be associated with higher pre–anthesis N accumulation. The closer intra–row spacing resulted in higher DMA by all plant parts except seed. Each graded N dose improved DMA, but improvement in dry–matter partitioning to seed was significant up to 60 and 75 kg N ha^–1 during 2014 and 2015, respectively owing to higher NT under respective treatments. NUE was highest at 60 kg N ha^–1 during both years.  相似文献   

All three classes of CpG ODNs up-regulate IP-10 gene in pigs     

Arshud Dar  Anil Nichani  Andy Potter  Lorne A. Babiuk 《Research in veterinary science》2010,88(2):242-250

The analysis of CpG ODN induced innate immune responses in different animal species has shown substantial similarities and differences in levels and types of induced cytokines profile. The objectives of these studies were to identify innate immune biomarkers activated by three classes of CpG ODNs in pigs. For this purpose, we investigated the kinetics of innate immune responses in immune cells from pigs following in vitro and in vivo stimulation with CpG ODNs. The mRNA expression of cytokine and chemokine genes were assayed by SYBR^@ green based quantitative real time PCR. A-class CpG ODN induced significant but transient levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 (P40), IL-6, IL-4 and TNF-α mRNA, C-class CpG ODN induced significant level of IFN-γ, IFN-α and IL-12 mRNA and the lowest level of IL-4 (Th-2 type) mRNA. A very low level of some cytokines stimulation was observed by GC ODNs. It is noteworthy, that IL-12 (P35) mRNA was significantly stimulated by B-class GpC ODN 7909. Interestingly, all classes of CpG ODNs induced significant level of IP-10 at 12 h post stimulation. These in vitro and in vivo observations suggest that interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) may be a reliable biomarker for immune activity induced by CpG ODNs in pigs.  相似文献   

Comparative study on responses of cattle and water buffalo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bubalus bubalis</Emphasis>) to experimental inoculation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brucella abortus</Emphasis> biovar 1 by the intraconjunctival route—a preliminary report     

Abiodun A. Adesiyun  Geoff T. Fosgate  Anil Persad  Mervyn Campbell  Ravi Seebaransingh  Alva Stewart-Johnson 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1685-1694

The preliminary study was conducted to assess the virulence of a strain of Brucella abortus (1969D) and to compare the susceptibility of water buffalo and cattle calves to infection by the intraconjunctival route. Seven of each cattle and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves aged 3–6 months were inoculated intraconjunctivally with counts ranging from 1.5 × 10⁷ to 1.7 × 10¹⁰ colony forming units of B. abortus. Animals were monitored over an 8-week period for clinical manifestations and serological and hematological evidence of infection. At slaughter, eight lymph nodes from each animal were sampled for bacteriological and histopathological assessments. Lymph nodes from three water buffalo (43%) and five cattle (71%) yielded B. abortus (P = 0.048). Parotid/prescapular lymph nodes were most sensitive in detecting B. abortus. Our data suggest that B. abortus strain 1969D may be used as challenge strain, and water buffalo appeared to have a lower susceptibility to B. abortus infection than cattle.  相似文献   

Plasma pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone following single intravenous administration in healthy and endometritic cows     

Sudershan Kumar  Anil K. Srivastava  V. K. Dumka  Naresh Kumar  Rajinder K. Raina 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(6):503-510

Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vd_area, AUC, t_1/2β, Cl_B, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg⁻¹, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml⁻¹.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg⁻¹, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml⁻¹.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration. For MIC₉₀ of 0.5 μg.ml⁻¹ the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg⁻¹ repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows.  相似文献   

Comparison of effects of ultraviolet and<Superscript>60</Superscript>Co gamma ray irradiation on nylon 6 mono-filaments     

Mika?OhtsukaEmail author  Yoshino?Suzuki  Tetsuya?Sakai  Anil?N.?Netravali 《Fibers and Polymers》2004,5(3):225-229

The effect of UV and⁶⁰Co gamma radiations on the physical and mechanical properties of nylon 6 mono-filaments with different draw ratios has been studied. Specimens were exposed to either up to 25 Mrad of gamma or up to 168 hrs of intense UV irradiation. The results show that nylon mono-filaments exposed to gamma rays, with much higher quantum energy than UV, undergo a larger extent of molecular chain scission. Higher irradiation dose also results in the production of insoluble, macroscopic three-dimensional cross-linked network structure. The amorphous regions with a lower density of cohesive energy (lower molecular orientation) show a higher extent of cross linking reaction whereas amorphous regions with a higher density of cohesive energy (higher orientation) show higher extent of chain scission reaction, irrespective of UV ray or gamma ray irradiation.  相似文献   

Molecular detection of important abortion-causing microorganisms in preputial swab of breeding bucks using PCR-based assays     

Chetna Gangwar  Gururaj Kumaresan  Anil Kumar Mishra  Anshuman Kumar  Anjali Pachoori  Sonia Saraswat  Narendra Pratap Singh  Suresh Dinkar Kharche 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(11):1520-1525

Infectious diseases and aetiological agents related to female reproductive systems were extensively covered compared to its male counterpart. There needs a proper study to bridge this gap, where microflora and infectious agents of both male and female reproductive are mutually intelligible. With this study, we aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination of the preputial cavity and also screened for abortion-causing agents which are zoonotic as well. In goats, such types of abortions are caused by Brucella melitensis, Chlamydophila, Campylobacter and Coxiella etc. One of the major sources of contamination of semen is the preputial cavity, which is exposed to the external environment leading to spread of infection into the female via semen straws or by natural service. In the current study, good quality bucks (n = 32, Barbari = 12, Jamunapari = 10, Jakhrana = 10) which were routinely used for semen collection were screened for their preputial swabs, for the presence of the above pathogens. For detection of Brucella melitensis, OMP31 based TaqMan® probe real-time PCR assay was used, and for Chlamydia, 16srRNA gene based SYBR® green real-time PCR assay was employed for detection of Chlamydophila abortus. While for Campylobacter spp. and Coxiella burnetii, 16srRNA gene based conventional PCR and Trans-PCR were used, respectively. In the current study, of the screened preputial swabs, none of them showed positive for Brucella and Coxiella, but of the screened 32 samples 17 showed positive for Chlamydia (53.13%) and two (6.25%) showed positive for Campylobacter spp. The current study emphasizes on the farms and laboratories which were regularly involved in screening of brucellosis also often overlook the other potential non-brucella pathogens, causing abortions eventually incurring severe economic losses to the goat keepers.  相似文献   

Soil moisture levels affect mycorrhization during early stages of development of agroforestry plants     

Ashok Shukla  Anil Kumar  Anuradha Jha  Onkar Salunkhe  Deepak Vyas 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(5):545-554

Plants respond differentially to different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as well as to the different soil moisture levels. Based on this background, the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of soil moisture and AMF inoculations on mycorrhization and growth of important agroforestry plants, viz., Phaseolus mungo, Triticum aestivum, Eucalyptus tereticornis, and Albizia procera. The experiments consisted of main treatment, i.e., three levels of soil moisture [field capacity (FC?=?16 %), half-field capacity (FC/2?=?8 %) and double-field capacity (2×FC?=?32 %)] and four subtreatments (mycorrhizal inoculations), viz., Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus cerebriforme, Glomus intraradices, and un-inoculated (control). AMF inoculations significantly (P?<?0.05) increased growth and P uptake, in all tested plant species. In P. mungo, maximum AMF efficiency was observed at FC while in other plants, AMF were equally effective at FC/2 and 2×FC. Different inoculants were effective at different moisture levels. Furthermore, mycorrhization was the highest at FC. AMF inoculations were more important than soil moisture (explaining 33–97 % variation in growth) in P. mungo, T. aestivum, and A. procera (forward selection method), whereas soil moisture was more important for growth of E. tereticornis. Thus, it may be stated that depending upon soil moisture, inoculation of plants with suitable AMF consortium can be beneficial.  相似文献   

The role of Caenorhabditis elegans sex-determination homologs,Mi-sdc-1 and Mi-tra-1 in Meloidogyne incognita     

Baniya  Anil  Joseph  Soumi  Duncan  Larry  Crow  William  Mengistu  Tesfamariam 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,161(2):439-452

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Sex determination is a key developmental event in all organisms. The pathway that regulates sexual fate has been well characterized at the molecular level in...  相似文献   

Prospective use of bacteriocinogenic Pediococcus pentosaceus as direct-fed microbial having methane reducing potential     

Sanjay Kumar  Sumit S Dagar  Seyed H Ebrahimi  Ravinder K Malik  Ramesh C Upadhyay  Anil K Puniya 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2015,(3):561-566

Direct-fed microbials(DFM), generally regarded as safe status, are successfully used in improving rumen ecology, gastro-intestinal health, feed efficiency, milk production and growth rate in ruminants. On the other hand, methanogenesis in rumen, which accounts for a significant loss of ruminant energy and increased greenhouse gas in environment, is of great concern, therefore, use of DFM for improving productivity without compromising the animal health and ecological sustainability is encouraged. The present study was conducted to investigate the methane reducing potential of bacteriocinogenic strain Pediococcus pentosaceus-34. Since, the culture showed no hemolysis on blood agar and DNase activity, hence, it was considered to be avirulent in nature, a prerequisite for any DFM. The culture also showed tolerance to pH 5.0 for 24 h with 0.5% organic acid mixture, whereas when given a shock for 2 h at different p H and organic acids concentrations, it showed growth at pH 3.0 and 4.0 with 0.1 and 1.0% organic acids, respectively, as having good animal probiotics attributes. The total gas production was significantly(P<0.05) higher in live pedicoccal culture(LPC) and dead pedicoccal culture(DPC) both with wheat straw, when compared to the control. In sugarcane bagasse, gas production was significantly lower(P<0.05) with LPC compared to the control and DPC both. Methane was reduced by the inclusion of LPC in sugarcane bagasse(0.07 mL CH4 mg–1 dry matter digestibility) with no effect on other rumen fermentation parameters. However, with wheat straw and LPC total gas, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total volatile fatty acids increased significantly but no reduction in methane production was observed in comparison to the control. Therefore, further research is warranted in this direction, if the bacteriocinogenic strains can be used as DFM for ruminants to improve the ruminant productivity.  相似文献