Crossreactivity of workshop monoclonal antibodies with canine blood leukocytes     

H. -Joachim Schuberth  H. -Udo Rabe  Anja Beer  Wolfgang Leibold 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1998,60(3-4):419-424

A selection of 164 monoclonal antibodies for determinants on porcine cells were tested on canine leukocytes by flow cytometry. Eighteen mAbs proved to be crossreacting and 16 of these reacted uniformly with cells of three unrelated dogs while two displayed a polymorphic reaction pattern.  相似文献   

Ankyrin repeat proteins comprise a diverse family of bacterial type IV effectors     

Pan X  Lührmann A  Satoh A  Laskowski-Arce MA  Roy CR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5883):1651-1654

Specialized secretion systems are used by many bacteria to deliver effector proteins into host cells that can either mimic or disrupt the function of eukaryotic factors. We found that the intracellular pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii use a type IV secretion system to deliver into eukaryotic cells a large number of different bacterial proteins containing ankyrin repeat homology domains called Anks. The L. pneumophila AnkX protein prevented microtubule-dependent vesicular transport to interfere with fusion of the L. pneumophila-containing vacuole with late endosomes after infection of macrophages, which demonstrates that Ank proteins have effector functions important for bacterial infection of eukaryotic host cells.  相似文献   

Studies on synchronous egress of coccidian parasites (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Neospora caninum,Toxoplasma gondii,Eimeria bovis)</Emphasis> from bovine endothelial host cells mediated by calcium ionophore A23187     

Behrendt JH  Taubert A  Zahner H  Hermosilla C 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(4):325-332

Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Eimeria bovis are coccidian parasites of veterinary importance. Tachyzoites of N. caninum and T. gondii and sporozoites of E. bovis are able to invade and replicate in endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. As it holds true for all eukaryotic cells, the survival of parasitized host cells and the parasites themselves should be dependent on ion balances, especially on extra- and intracellular calcium concentrations. Addition of the calcium ionophore A23187 reliably did release merozoites from mature N. caninum and T. gondii meronts grown in cultured primary bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVEC). Extent and time course of merozoite release depended on both, maturity of the meronts and concentration of the calcium ionophore. Attempts, however, to achieve synchronous release of merozoites from E. bovis first generation meronts by ionophore treatment failed, suggesting a different biological behaviour of this parasite. According to microscopical observations, the quite variable time of E. bovis macromeront maturation and a hampered merozoite exit owing to dense parasite-induced cytoskeleton elements surrounding the meront may be a reason for the lack of inducible synchronous release. Electronic supplementary materials The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Effect of management on rangeland phytomass,cover and condition in two biomes in South Africa     

Roelof J Oomen  Anja Linstädter  Jan C Ruppert  Katharina Brüser  Jürgen Schellberg  Frank Ewert 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2016,33(3):185-198

In rangelands, grazing management is a main driver of rangeland condition. Due to masking effects of seasonal climate fluctuations, little is known about (dis)similarity of management effects on rangeland condition and forage provision across major dryland biomes. Taking a macro-ecological perspective, we analysed if management effects differed between South Africa’s central grassland and Kalahari savanna biomes. We recorded proxies of forage provision (phytomass, vegetation cover and their ratio) over five seasons, annual rainfall to account for seasonal climate fluctuations, and rangeland condition (through relative abundances of increaser and decreaser species). Regarding forage provision, we found effects of management for the savanna, where, irrespective of rainfall, rotational grazing management resulted in higher phytomass and phytomass–cover ratios than management with continuous grazing. In the grassland, however, this difference was only discernible for phytomass–cover ratio in two years with above-average antecedent rainfall. This suggests that management effects are biome-dependent and that modulating effects of annual rainfall are stronger in the grassland. In either biome, management effects on the dominance of increaser and decreaser species were negligible, i.e. rangeland condition did not differ across management types in either biome. We conclude that investigations on management effects should account for interactions with biome and rainfall.  相似文献   

Septic keratitis in dogs,cats, and horses in Switzerland: associated bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility          下载免费PDF全文

Anja Suter  Katrin Voelter  Sonja Hartnack  Bernhard Martin Spiess  Simon Anton Pot 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(1):66-75

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Towards an optimal process for gelatinisation and hydrolysis of highly concentrated starch–water mixtures with alpha-amylase from B. licheniformis     

Tim Baks  Frans H.J. Kappen  Anja E.M. Janssen  Remko M. Boom 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008

The enzymatic hydrolysis of starch is usually carried out with 30–35 w/w% starch in water. Higher substrate concentrations (50–70 w/w%) were reached by using a twin-screw extruder for gelatinisation and for mixing enzyme with gelatinised starch prior to enzymatic hydrolysis in a batch reactor. The aim of this study was to determine which parameters are important for gelatinisation of wheat starch and to investigate the effects of different extrusion conditions on the enzymatic hydrolysis. After extrusion, the degree of gelatinisation was measured. During hydrolysis, the carbohydrate composition, the dextrose equivalent (DE) and the alpha-amylase activity were measured. Gelatinisation measurements showed that mechanical forces lowered the temperature required for complete gelatinisation. During hydrolysis experiments, high DEs were observed even if starch was not completely gelatinised during extrusion. Due to high substrate concentrations, the residual alpha-amylase activity remained high throughout enzymatic hydrolysis, although high temperatures were used. Increased substrate concentrations did not affect the carbohydrate composition of the product. Furthermore, the time required for the batch hydrolysis step could be varied by choosing a different enzyme-to-substrate ratio. This article provides a basis for detailed optimisation of this process to develop an industrial-scale process at high substrate concentrations.  相似文献   

Optimizing the size of the area surveyed for monitoring a Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) population in the Swiss Alps by means of photographic capture–recapture     

Fridolin ZIMMERMANN  Christine BREITENMOSER‐WÜRSTEN  Anja MOLINARI‐JOBIN  Urs BREITENMOSER 《Integrative zoology》2013,8(3):232-243

We studied the influence of surveyed area size on density estimates by means of camera‐trapping in a low‐density felid population (1–2 individuals/100 km²). We applied non‐spatial capture–recapture (CR) and spatial CR (SCR) models for Eurasian lynx during winter 2005/2006 in the northwestern Swiss Alps by sampling an area divided into 5 nested plots ranging from 65 to 760 km². CR model density estimates (95% CI) for models M₀ and M_h decreased from 2.61 (1.55–3.68) and 3.6 (1.62–5.57) independent lynx/100 km², respectively, in the smallest to 1.20 (1.04–1.35) and 1.26 (0.89–1.63) independent lynx/100 km², respectively, in the largest area surveyed. SCR model density estimates also decreased with increasing sampling area but not significantly. High individual range overlaps in relatively small areas (the edge effect) is the most plausible reason for this positive bias in the CR models. Our results confirm that SCR models are much more robust to changes in trap array size than CR models, thus avoiding overestimation of density in smaller areas. However, when a study is concerned with monitoring population changes, large spatial efforts (area surveyed ≥760 km²) are required to obtain reliable and precise density estimates with these population densities and recapture rates.  相似文献   

Amino acid changes in the spike protein of feline coronavirus correlate with systemic spread of virus from the intestine and not with feline infectious peritonitis     

Emily Porter  Séverine Tasker  Michael J Day  Ross Harley  Anja Kipar  Stuart G Siddell  Christopher R Helps 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1):49

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Effects of rainfall pattern on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soil amended with biogas slurry and composted cattle manure     

Anja Snger  Daniel Geisseler  Bernard Ludwig 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(5):692-698

Soil moisture affects the degradation of organic fertilizers in soils considerably, but less is known about the importance of rainfall pattern on the turnover of C and N. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different rainfall patterns on C and N dynamics in soil amended with either biogas slurry (BS) or composted cattle manure (CM). Undisturbed soil cores without (control) or with BS or CM, which were incorporated at a rate of 100 kg N ha^–1, were incubated for 140 d at 13.5°C. Irrigation treatments were (1) continuous irrigation (cont_irr; 3 mm d^–1); (2) partial drying and stronger irrigation (part_dry; no irrigation for 3 weeks, 1 week with 13.5 mm d^–1), and (3) periodic heavy rainfall (hvy_rain; 24 mm d^–1 every 3 weeks for 1 d and 2 mm d^–1 for the other days). The average irrigation was 3 mm d^–1 in each treatment. Cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O from soils amended with BS were 92.8 g CO₂‐C m^–2 and 162.4 mg N₂O‐N m^–2, respectively, whereas emissions from soils amended with CM were 87.8 g CO₂‐C m^–2 and only 38.9 mg N₂O‐N m^–2. While both organic fertilizers significantly increased CO₂ production compared to the control, N₂O emissions were only significantly increased in the BS‐amended soil. Under the conditions of the experiment, the rainfall pattern affected the temporal production of CO₂ and N₂O, but not the cumulative emissions. Cumulative NO leaching was highest in the BS‐amended soils (9.2 g NO ‐N m^–2) followed by the CM‐amended soil (6.1 g NO ‐N m^–2) and lowest in the control (4.7 g NO ‐N m^–2). Nitrate leaching was also independent of the rainfall pattern. Our study shows that rainfall pattern may not affect CO₂ and N₂O emissions and NO leaching markedly provided that the soil does not completely dry out.  相似文献   

BiKF AdaMus: a novel research project studying the response and adaptive potential of single species and communities to climate change in combination with other stressors     

Ruth Müller  Cornelia Bandow  Anne Seeland  Dennis Fennel  Anja Coors  Peter K. Ebke  Bernhard Förster  Pedro Martinez-Arbizu  Thomas Moser  Matthias Oetken  Jasmin Renz  Jörg Römbke  Nadine Schulz  Jörg Oehlmann 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(4):718-721

Introduction

How will the combination of climate-induced physical/chemical changes and anthropogenic pollution impact key species and biodiversity, and thus the ecosystem functions in future?

Discussion

The project AdaMus within the newly founded Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK^F aims to understand the prospective ecosystem stress responses and adaptive potential of species and communities to multiple stressors to provide reliable predictions of future developments in terrestric, aquatic and marine environments.

Conclusion

Long-term experiments with terrestrial, aquatic and marine species and communities will be conducted under IPCC predicted climate conditions. In terrestric and limnic experiments, additional co-stressors such as pesticides and alien species are introduced to test for interactions. In the case of marine plankton, potential consequences of multiple climate-related changes in the physical environment (temperature, salinity and oxygen) will be analysed.  相似文献