Validation of protein and potassium intakes assessed from 24 h recalls against levels estimated from 24 h urine samples in children and adolescents of Turkish descent living in Germany: results from the EVET! Study     

Bokhof B  Buyken AE  Doğan C  Karaboğa A  Kaiser J  Sonntag A  Kroke A 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(4):640-647

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24(S)-Saringosterol Prevents Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer’s Disease     

Nikita Martens  Melissa Schepers  Na Zhan  Frank Leijten  Gardi Voortman  Assia Tiane  Ben Rombaut  Janne Poisquet  Nienke van de Sande  Anja Kerksiek  Folkert Kuipers  Johan W. Jonker  Hongbing Liu  Dieter Lütjohann  Tim Vanmierlo  Monique T. Mulder 《Marine drugs》2021,19(4)

We recently found that dietary supplementation with the seaweed Sargassum fusiforme, containing the preferential LXRβ-agonist 24(S)-saringosterol, prevented memory decline and reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model without inducing hepatic steatosis. Here, we examined the effects of 24(S)-saringosterol as a food additive on cognition and neuropathology in AD mice. Six-month-old male APPswePS1ΔE9 mice and wildtype C57BL/6J littermates received 24(S)-saringosterol (0.5 mg/25 g body weight/day) (APPswePS1ΔE9 n = 20; C57BL/6J n = 19) or vehicle (APPswePS1ΔE9 n = 17; C57BL/6J n = 19) for 10 weeks. Cognition was assessed using object recognition and object location tasks. Sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Aβ and inflammatory markers by immunohistochemistry, and gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. Hepatic lipids were quantified after Oil-Red-O staining. Administration of 24(S)-saringosterol prevented cognitive decline in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice without affecting the Aβ plaque load. Moreover, 24(S)-saringosterol prevented the increase in the inflammatory marker Iba1 in the cortex of APPswePS1ΔE9 mice (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 24(S)-saringosterol did not affect the expression of lipid metabolism-related LXR-response genes in the hippocampus nor the hepatic neutral lipid content. Thus, administration of 24(S)-saringosterol prevented cognitive decline in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice independent of effects on Aβ load and without adverse effects on liver fat content. The anti-inflammatory effects of 24(S)-saringosterol may contribute to the prevention of cognitive decline.  相似文献   

Species-specific and generic biomass equations for seedlings and saplings of European tree species     

Peter Annighöfer  Aitor Ameztegui  Christian Ammer  Philippe Balandier  Norbert Bartsch  Andreas Bolte  Lluís Coll  Catherine Collet  Jörg Ewald  Nico Frischbier  Tsegay Gebereyesus  Josephine Haase  Tobias Hamm  Bastian Hirschfelder  Franka Huth  Gerald Kändler  Anja Kahl  Heike Kawaletz  Christian Kuehne  André Lacointe  Na Lin  Magnus Löf  Philippe Malagoli  André Marquier  Sandra Müller  Susanne Promberger  Damien Provendier  Heinz Röhle  Jate Sathornkich  Peter Schall  Michael Scherer-Lorenzen  Jens Schröder  Carolin Seele  Johannes Weidig  Christian Wirth  Heino Wolf  Jörg Wollmerstädt  Martina Mund 《European Journal of Forest Research》2016,135(2):313-329

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Natural FCoV infection: cats with FIP exhibit significantly higher viral loads than healthy infected cats     

Kipar A  Baptiste K  Barth A  Reinacher M 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2006,8(1):69-72

Natural feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection has been shown to not only induce intestinal infection with viral shedding, but also systemic infection which either remains without clinical signs or leads to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). As systemic infection is not the key event in the development of FIP, the question arises as to whether a potential difference in viral load might be of importance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA loads in haemolymphatic tissues of healthy, long-term FCoV-infected cats and cats with FIP. In cats that died from FIP, viral loads were significantly higher, indicating a higher rate of viral replication or a reduced capacity for viral clearance in cats developing and/or suffering from FIP.  相似文献   

Influenza virus infections in migrating waterfowl: results of a two year study in Germany     

Globig A  Starick E  Werner O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(3-4):132-139

In order to determine the actual prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild birds in Germany, extensive surveillance studies were carried out between March 2003 and January 2005. More than 3.000 samples of 79 different species of wild birds (migratory and resident birds) were taken and 1.151 established pools investigated. Samples came from 80 different regions of Germany. Forty AIV isolates representing 14 combinations of eight different hemagglutinin and eight neuraminidase subtypes, among them H5 and H7, were identified. All H5 and H7 isolates were found to be of low pathogenicity. The overall incidence of the investigated pools based on virus isolation was 3,5 % for AIV, with considerable variability noted among species, season and location. All AIV were isolated from birds sampled in autumn. Most of the AIV isolates came from the resting or wintering areas of mallards breeding far north. This study adds to the understanding of the ecology of influenza viruses in wild birds and empahsizes the constant need for surveillance in times of an ongoing and expanding epidemic of highly pathogenic AI.  相似文献   

Challenges and opportunities for smallholder livestock production in post-conflict South Kivu, eastern DR Congo     

Maass BL  Musale DK  Chiuri WL  Gassner A  Peters M 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(6):1221-1232

A survey on smallholder livestock production with emphasis on monogastric animals was conducted in 20 villages of seven so-called 'groupements' of South Kivu province in DR Congo, situated along a north to south-west axis with the town of Bukavu in the center. This land adjacent to Lake Kivu is located at elevations ranging around 900- 1900 m asl, experiencing tropical highland climate. A diagnostic survey helped to rapidly obtain in-depth knowledge of constraints and opportunities in this environment. Correspondence analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the association of production constraints with particular livestock species and to understand the factors that govern the number of livestock that people owned (converted to tropical livestock units [TLU]), respectively. Responses of 112 informants demonstrated that livestock is an integral part of the region's mixed farming systems. Low livestock numbers per household at present reflect the poverty as a consequence of recent violent conflicts. Currently, farmers focus on small livestock, like poultry, swine, cavies (i.e., Guinea pigs) and rabbits. Families keep livestock to accumulate household reserves that are strongly invested in children's education. Major issues of animal husbandry were related to animal diseases and lack of feed resources, particularly in the dry season. Lack of feed or forages were unrelated to a particular livestock species. Livestock holdings depended on animal diversity, location, land size available and respondents' education level. The potential introduction of improved forages is challenged by their dry-season tolerance, compatibility with cropping on small farms; and people's readiness to cultivate forages.  相似文献   

Clinicopathologic Features and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 24 Cats With Histopathologically Confirmed Neurologic Feline Infectious Peritonitis          下载免费PDF全文

A.H. Crawford  A.L. Stoll  D. Sanchez‐Masian  A. Shea  J. Michaels  A.R. Fraser  E. Beltran 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(5):1477-1486

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Birds as major predators of fishes in the East Kleinemonde Estuary     

Paul D Cowley  Anja I Terörde  Alan K Whitfield 《African Zoology》2017,52(3):147-154

This study provides a quantitative account of fish predation by piscivorous birds in the temporarily open/closed East Kleinemonde Estuary and represents the first global attempt to simultaneously relate such consumption to production by a fish community in the same estuary. Cormorants and herons were the dominant predators and seasonal variations in the avifaunal community composition were noted. Based on comprehensive counts over three years, the piscivorous bird population was estimated to have consumed a maximum of 4 414?kg of fish in 1994, 2 400?kg in 1995/96 and 2 960?kg in 2004/05. In 1995/96 fish production in the East Kleinemonde Estuary (55.89?g m^?2 a^?1) was estimated at 9 780?kg and maximum bird predation amounted to 25% of annual fish production within the system over the same period, assuming that all birds counted on the estuary foraged there and that the diet of these birds comprised only fish. The above 1995/96 figures, together with an estimate of fish predation by the dominant piscivorous fish Lichia amia of 696?kg suggests that birds are probably the single most important natural predator of fishes within this estuary. An unusual mass invasion by marine Cape Cormorants Phalacrocorax capensis during July 1994 was responsible for large-scale predation of fish (2 155?kg) and resulted in the population of estuary-associated marine fishes declining from approximately 63 300 to about 18 600 individuals during the 1994 closed phase. Given that little or no marine fish recruitment was possible while the estuary mouth was closed, piscivorous birds are likely to have a higher predatory impact on populations of juvenile marine fishes in small temporarily closed estuaries than in larger permanently open systems.  相似文献   

Effect of grazing intensity and soil characteristics on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in a temperate long-term grassland     

Anja Nüsse  Deborah Linsler  Michael Kaiser  Dorothee Ebeling  Bettina Tonn  Johannes Isselstein 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(12):1776-1783

The effects of different grazing pressures (GPs) on soil properties are not sufficiently understood. The objectives were to analyse the effects of three different extensive GPs on stocks of soil organic C and total N, soil microbial biomass C, basal respiration and mineral N in three different soil depths of a long-term pasture in Central Germany (FORBIOBEN field trial). No significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects of GP on weighted stocks of soil organic C, total N, soil microbial biomass C, mineral N and basal respiration rate were observed, suggesting that the C and N cycles are coupled in the three grazing treatments. Oxalate soluble Fe contents explained a marked part of the variation of soil organic C (multiple linear regression: R² = 0.64) and total N contents (R² = 0.64) in the soils, whereas almost all of the variability of soil microbial biomass C contents and basal respiration was explained by soil organic C contents. Overall, variabilities of soil organic C and N contents were largely explained by oxalate soluble Fe contents, whereas grazing intensity did not affect the C and N dynamics.  相似文献   

Detection of bacterial and viral organisms from the conjunctiva of cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease     

Anja D. Hartmann  Jennifer Hawley  Christiane Werckenthin  Michael R. Lappin  Katrin Hartmann 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(10):775-782

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