Genetic Variation and Association Mapping of Protein Concentration in Brown Rice Using a Diverse Rice Germplasm Collection     

Rolfe J. Bryant  Aaron K. Jackson  Kathleen M. Yeater  Wengui G. Yan  Anna M. McClung  Robert G. Fjellstrom 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(5):445-452

Protein is the second most abundant constituent in the rice grain next to starch. Association analysis for protein concentration in brown rice was performed using a “mini‐core” collection, which represents the germplasm diversity found in the USDA rice world collection. Protein concentration was determined in replicated trials conducted in two southern U.S. locations, and association mapping was performed by using 157 genomewide DNA markers. Protein concentration ranged from 5.4 to 11.9% among the 202 accessions. Protein variation owing to accession and accession × location interaction were highly significant. Ample variation was seen within each subpopulation by ancestry, as well as within the 14 geographic regions where the accessions originated. Accessions from Eastern Europe had the highest level of protein. Ten markers on eight chromosomes were significantly associated with protein concentration. Five of these markers occurred near known protein precursor genes or quantitative trait loci, and the other five markers were novel for the association with protein concentration in rice. The germplasm and genetic markers identified in this study will assist breeders in developing cultivars tailored for applications requiring specific protein concentration in the rice grain. The research results contribute to the potential discovery of novel rice storage protein pathways in the endosperm.  相似文献   

Pregnancy detection in putatively unmated mink (Mustela vison) by serum progesterone level     

Felska-Błaszczyk L  Lasota B  Sulik M  Masłowska A  Dziadosz M  Błaszczyk B  Błaszczyk P 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(3):416-420

The aim of this study was to determine whether blood plasma progesterone is a reliable indicator of pregnancy in mink at an early stage of gestation. We also attempted to establish the threshold value of progesterone as a pregnancy indicator. The analysis was carried out at a production farm on 42 standard female mink aged 1 year, which were grouped both according to the observed success of mating ("mated" and "unmated") and the level of blood serum progesterone measured afterwards ("pregnant" and "nonpregnant"). It was next verified whether a particular female had been assigned to the proper group in the first place. An analysis of accuracy of mating success assessment within the group of unmated females revealed that more than one-third of decisions were wrong, since some females that had been considered unmated ultimately whelped. This suggests that mating supervision by farm workers lacks reliability. A progesterone test for verification of such management decisions should limit the risk of err,or. We suggest that progesterone tests could be carried out using the threshold values 1.9 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml in blood sampled on 25 March and 8 April, respectively, although some level of uncertainty should be taken into account.  相似文献   

Central nervous system gene expression changes in a transgenic mouse model for bovine spongiform encephalopathy     

Tortosa R  Castells X  Vidal E  Costa C  Ruiz de Villa Mdel C  Sánchez A  Barceló A  Torres JM  Pumarola M  Ariño J 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):109

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Quantitative assessment of the probability of bluetongue virus overwintering by horizontal transmission: application to Germany     

Napp S  Gubbins S  Calistri P  Allepuz A  Alba A  García-Bocanegra I  Giovannini A  Casal J 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):4

ABSTRACT: Even though bluetongue virus (BTV) transmission is apparently interrupted during winter, bluetongue outbreaks often reappear in the next season (overwintering). Several mechanisms for BTV overwintering have been proposed, but to date, their relative importance remain unclear. In order to assess the probability of BTV overwintering by persistence in adult vectors, ruminants (through prolonged viraemia) or a combination of both, a quantitative risk assessment model was developed. Furthermore, the model allowed the role played by the residual number of vectors present during winter to be examined, and the effect of a proportion of Culicoides living inside buildings (endophilic behaviour) to be explored. The model was then applied to a real scenario: overwintering in Germany between 2006 and 2007. The results showed that the limited number of vectors active during winter seemed to allow the transmission of BTV during this period, and that while transmission was favoured by the endophilic behaviour of some Culicoides, its effect was limited. Even though transmission was possible, the likelihood of BTV overwintering by the mechanisms studied seemed too low to explain the observed re-emergence of the disease. Therefore, other overwintering mechanisms not considered in the model are likely to have played a significant role in BTV overwintering in Germany between 2006 and 2007.  相似文献   

Gender differences in exercise - induced intravascular haemolysis during race training in thoroughbred horses     

Anna Cywinska  Ewa Szarska  Piotr Ostaszewski 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(1):133-137

Exercise-induced intravascular haemolysis and “sport anemia” are widely reported in human sports medicine. It has been recognized also in horses, however, the clinical importance and the onset of this condition seem different than in human. In this study we investigated the episodes of intravascular haemolysis, indicated by the increase in plasma haemoglobin and the decrease in serum haptoglobin levels, after routine training sessions in race horses. Heart rate and changes in haematological parameters confirmed, that the exertion was relatively high. Intravascular haemolysis did not appear in stallions but was detected in mares after two training sessions. It has been determined that serum haptoglobin levels were higher in mares than in stallions before and after all training sessions. It is postulated that intravascular haemolysis induced by training is of limited clinical importance because it occurred only in mares which are better adapted due to higher haptoglobin level at rest, and it had no cumulative effect. Therefore gender differences should be taken into consideration in experiments with athletic horses.  相似文献   

Risk factors and control of intestinal parasite infections in sled dogs in Poland     

Bajer A  Bednarska M  Rodo A 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(3-4):343-350

Training and racing constitute serious challenges for working sled dogs. Attainment of the highest levels of stamina and speed are possible only by completely healthy dogs. Infections with nematodes as whipworm Trichuris sp. or hookworms Uncinaria/Ancylostoma can significantly reduce the fitness of working dogs leading to anemia or even to death. In the middle of the racing season, between December 2009 and April 2010, 108 individual fecal samples were collected from 25 sled dog kennels situated in different regions of Poland. Saturated salt flotation was performed for helminth egg detection. The immunofluorescent assay MeriFluor Cryptosporidium/Giardia and nested PCRs on 18S rRNA (Cryptosporidium spp.) and TPI gene (Giardia spp.) were carried out for detection of intestinal protozoa. Overall prevalence of 6 species of intestinal parasites was 68% in sled dogs (73/108). In 51 samples the eggs of a single species of helminth were detected (47%), two nematode species were detected in 13%, three species of nematodes were found in two dogs. The most prevalent helminths were the hookworms Uncinaria/Ancylostoma-identified in 36% of kennels, and in 34% of sled dogs. Toxocara eggs were detected in 36% of kennels, in 17% of dogs. Trichuris sp. eggs were found in 20% of kennels (5/25), in 13% of dogs. Cysts/oocysts of intestinal protozoa were detected in 31% of sled dogs. The most prevalent was Giardia spp. infection-in 54% of kennels [13/24], in 28% of dogs. Cryptosporidium spp. infections were identified in 37.5% of kennels [9/24], in 13% of dogs. Two sequenced Giardia isolates presented 100% homology with G. intestinalis Assemblage C isolate (AY228641.1), specific for dogs. A range of factors was shown to affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in sled dogs. The highest prevalence of parasites was found among dogs from large kennels (housing >3 dogs), in dogs less than 2 years old, and in kennels, where prophylactic treatment was carried out 1-4 times a year. The present study has demonstrated a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in working sled dogs in Poland, including the zoonotic human pathogens Toxocara or Cryptosporidium.  相似文献   

Evaluation of radiographic, computed tomographic, and cadaveric anatomy of the head of boa constrictors     

Banzato T  Russo E  Di Toma A  Palmisano G  Zotti A 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(12):1592-1599

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Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in melanocytic tumors of dogs and canine melanoma cell lines     

Docampo MJ  Cabrera J  Rabanal RM  Bassols A 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(8):1087-1096

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Reliability and validity of a visual analogue scale used by owners to measure chronic pain attributable to osteoarthritis in their dogs     

Hielm-Björkman AK  Kapatkin AS  Rita HJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(5):601-607

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Comparison of the effects of racemic ketamine and S-ketamine for anesthesia in Rheem gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa marica) and Subgutturosa gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa)     

Martin-Jurado O  Bektas R  Fahrion A  Bettschart-Wolfensberger R  Hammer S 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(9):1164-1170

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