Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivated as tuber or leafy vegetable supplier as affected by elevated tropospheric ozone     

Keutgen N  Keutgen AJ  Janssens MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6686-6690

Sweet potato cultivars respond differently to elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations of ca. 130 mug m (-3), 8 h a day for 4 weeks, which affects their selection for cultivation. In the first cultivar presented here, an adequate leafy vegetable supplier, the ozone load resulted in a shift of biomass to maintain the canopy at the expense of tuber development. Starch content of leaves was reduced, indicating an impairment of quality, but carotenoid content remained stable. The second cultivar may be grown for tuber production. Although the ratio tuber/plant remained stable under ozone, tuber yield and its starch content were significantly reduced. The lower starch content indicated a worse quality for certain industrial processing, but it is desirable for chip production. Elevated tropospheric ozone concentrations also influenced free amino acids and macronutrient contents of tubers, but these modifications were of minor significance for tuber quality in the second cultivar.  相似文献   

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children in urban, rural and mountain areas of the Veneto Region, Italy     

Bertoncello C  Cazzaro R  Ferraresso A  Mazzer R  Moretti G 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(9):887-890

OBJECTIVE: To define the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children resident in mountain areas, rural areas and urban areas.Design, setting and subjectsThe sample (n = 12 832; 50.7% boys) included 9- and 11-year-old children of the Veneto Region of north-east Italy. Overweight and obesity status were determined using the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points for body mass index. The prevalence of overweight and obese subjects was calculated with a confidence interval of 95%. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to compare the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity among children resident in mountain areas, rural areas and urban areas. RESULTS: Among boys the prevalence of overweight was 21.06%, while obesity prevalence was 5.92%; among girls overweight prevalence was 21.30%, while obesity prevalence was 5.15%. The prevalence was higher among 11-year-old boys (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.33) and 9-year-old girls (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01-1.26). Children resident in rural areas presented a higher risk of overweight and obesity compared with children resident in mountain areas (Mantel-Haenszel OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.13-1.42; chi2 = 17.55; P < 0.0001) and in urban areas (Mantel-Haenszel OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.07-1.31; chi2 = 10.39; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A relevant prevalence of overweight and obesity was found; the excess weight concerns one child in four. There are differences linked to different geographical areas that must be further investigated.  相似文献   

pH-Dependent radical scavenging capacity of green tea catechins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Muzolf M  Szymusiak H  Gliszczyńska-Swigło A  Rietjens IM  Tyrakowska B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):816-823

The effect of pH on the radical scavenging capacity of green tea catechins was investigated using experimental as well as theoretical methods. It was shown that the radical scavenging capacity of the catechins, quantified by the TEAC value, increases with increasing pH of the medium. Comparison of the pKa values to theoretically calculated parameters for the neutral and deprotonated forms indicates that the pH-dependent increase in radical scavenging activity of the catechins is due to an increase of electron-donating ability upon deprotonation. The data also reveal that the radical scavenging activity of the catechins containing the pyrogallol (or catechol) and the galloyl moiety over the whole pH range is due to an additive effect of these two independent radical scavenging structural elements. Altogether, the results obtained provide better insight into the factors determining the radical scavenging activity of the catechins and reveal that the biological activity of green tea catechins will be influenced by the pH of the surrounding medium or tissues.  相似文献   

Characterization of Phytophthora cinnamomi from common walnut in Southern Europe environment     

Salvatore Vitale  Michele Scotton  Anna Maria Vettraino  Andrea Vannini  Anita Haegi  Laura Luongo  Marzia Scarpari  Alessandra Belisario 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(1)

Forty‐eight isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi obtained from common walnut were analysed according to their variability in growth at different temperatures, virulence, sensitivity to metalaxyl and in genomic DNA. Isolates were obtained from commercial common walnut orchards located in northern Italy and in southern France. Inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) were analysed for the 49 isolates, 43 of which were Italian, 6 French; an isolate of the same species obtained from Viburnum spp. was used as an outgroup. ANOVA on phenotypic characters showed a significant impact of the geographic location of the orchard on isolate variability in terms of reaction to temperatures and aggressiveness. In turn, clustering obtained with UPGMA analysis on genetic data was almost exclusively dependant on isolate variability, nevertheless the 48 isolates seem to share a common variability that differentiates the group from the isolate from Viburnum spp. Correlation between phenotypic and genetic traits was not statistically significant. In conclusion, phenotypic variability like virulence seemed to be conditioned from geographic origin while the genetic variability of P. cinnamomi isolates from walnut was associated to the single genotype.  相似文献   

Biological significance of RNA-seq and single-cell genomic research in woody plants     

Wei Tang  Anna Y.Tang 《林业研究》2019,(5):1555-1568

RNA-seq and single-cell genomic research emerge as an important research area in the recent years due to its ability to examine genetic information of any number of single cells in all living organisms.The knowledge gained from RNA-seq and single-cell genomic research will have a great impact in many aspects of plant biology.In this review,we summary and discuss the biological significance of RNA-seq and single-cell genomic research in plants including the single-cell DNA-sequencing,RNA-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing in woody plants,methods of RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-sequencing,single-cell RNA-sequencing for studying plant development,and single-cell RNA-sequencing for elucidating cell type composition.We will focus on RNA-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing in woody plants,understanding of plant development through single-cell RNAsequencing,and elucidation of cell type composition via single-cell RNA-sequencing.Information presented in this review will be helpful to increase our understanding of plant genomic research in a way with the power of plant single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis.  相似文献   

Selected Uncommon Legumes as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids,Tocopherols, Tocotrienols,Sterols, Carotenoids,and Squalene     

Górnaś  Paweł  Czubinski  Jaroslaw  Rudzińska  Magdalena  Grygier  Anna  Ying  Qian  Chakradhari  Suryakant  Sahu  Pravin Kumar  Mišina  Inga  Urvaka  Elise  Patel  Khageshwar Singh 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(1):91-98

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The seeds of nine species belonging to the Fabaceae family (Cassia alata, Cassia uniflora, Cassia obtusifolia, Cassia tora, Crotalaria albida, Crotalaria juncea,...  相似文献   

Performance of oat (Avena sativa L.) sown in late summer for autumn forage production in Central Europe     

Jadwiga Andrzejewska  Francisco E. Contreras‐Govea  Anna Pastuszka  Karol Kotwica  Kenneth A. Albrecht 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(1):97-103

Spring‐sown oat (Avena sativa L.) is well adapted for forage production in Central Europe; however, environmental conditions make this crop susceptible to crown rust disease (Puccinia coronata) when grown in summer. The objective of this study was to assess oat cultivars sown in late summer, when conditions for crown rust are less favourable, and harvest in autumn for forage with potential use for feeding lactating dairy cows. Three oat cultivars: Berdysz, Zuch and ForagePlus, the first two from Poland and the latter from United States, were sown 1 and 15 August, and 1 September, over three consecutive years, and harvested for forage in late October. The two Polish cultivars had 61% leaf area affected by rust with 1 August sowing, but ForagePlus was not affected by rust with any sowing date. Sowing 15 August significantly reduced crown rust incidence and increased DM yield of the Polish cultivars 21% relative to the 1 August sowing date, but decreased ForagePlus DM yield by 35%. Sowing 1 September resulted in best forage nutritive value, but the lowest DM yields for all cultivars. Calculated milk production per ton of forage for all cultivars was lowest with the 1 August sowing date. Calculated milk production per hectare was greatest for Berdysz sown in mid‐August. Oat can be sown 15 August and harvested in autumn for forage production, avoiding crown rust disease during summer in Poland. Nutritive value of autumn oat forage is adequate to meet forage requirements of lactating dairy cows.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅山珠峰段蚂蚁群落研究     

李文琼  徐正会  周雪英  李安娜  许国莲  和秋菊 《湖南林业科技》2019,(4):59-65

为全面揭示喜马拉雅山蚂蚁多样性规律,采用样地调查法研究了珠峰段海拔5260~1840m范围的蚂蚁群落结构。观察蚁科Formicidae昆虫22796头,经鉴定隶属于3亚科、14属、23种,发现中国新记录种3个:阿富汗红蚁Myrmica afghanica Radchenko&Elmes、阿氏红蚁M.alperti Elmes&Radchenko、帕氏红蚁M.pachei Forel。结果显示珠峰段蚂蚁群落中发现优势种2个(樱花帕拉蚁Paraparatrechina sakurae(Ito)和光亮黑蚁Formica candida Smith,占物种数的8.70%),常见种11个(占物种数的47.83%),稀有种10个(占物种数的43.48%),丰富的稀有种提升了该地区生物多样性保护价值。珠峰段北坡和山间谷地的蚂蚁群落相似性较大,与南坡的蚂蚁群落差异显著。北坡和山间谷地海拔较高,属于古北界范围,蚂蚁物种贫乏;南坡海拔跨度大,分属于古北、东洋两界,蚂蚁物种丰富。说明蚂蚁群落结构主要受气温影响,海拔高差决定蚂蚁群落的物种丰富度。本研究在珠峰段记载蚂蚁23种,其中发现中国新记录种3个、西藏新记录种4个、待定种5个,丰富和完善了喜马拉雅山蚂蚁多样性研究。  相似文献   

Multi‐objective calibration of RothC using measured carbon stocks and auxiliary data of a long‐term experiment in Switzerland     

Claudia Cagnarini  Giancarlo Renella  Jochen Mayer  Juliane Hirte  Rainer Schulin  Benjamin Costerousse  Anna Della Marta  Simone Orlandini  Lorenzo Menichetti 《European Journal of Soil Science》2019,70(4):819-832

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Lectin Histochemistry of Glycoconjugates in Horse Salivary Glands     

Anna Maria  Gargiulo  Vera  Pedini P. Ceccarelli 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1993,22(1):83-90

The glycoconjugate content of major horse salivary glands was investigated by means of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins. Qualitative differences were observed in the terminal sugar residues of secretory glycoproteins and glycoconjugates linked to the apical surface of excretory duct epithelial cells. Mucous acinar cells in mandibular and sublingual glands contained oligosaccharides with D-galactose, α- and β-N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine and fucose residues, whereas mandibular, sublingual and parotid serous cells contained only oligosaccharides with terminal α- and β-N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The apical portion of striated and interlobular duct lining cells of mandibular and sublingual glands stained for α- and β-N-acetylgalactosamine and for N-acetylglucosamine. In parotid gland the cytoplasm of intercalated duct cells and the apical surface of striated duct epithelial cells stained for α-N-acetylgalactosamine.  相似文献