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31.
Rita Ferreira Ana Dinis Anja Badenas Annalisa Sambolino Jacobo Marrero-Pérez Ana Crespo Filipe Alves 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(10):2938-2950
- The conservation of marine megafauna presents numerous difficulties owing to their high mobility over difficult-to-access oceanic areas that impairs the collection of basic, but essential, biological information.
- The Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) is one of the most elusive species of baleen whales, and although it is known to be a seasonal visitor to several archipelagos in Macaronesia (the Azores, Madeira, and Canaries), there are no studies regarding its occurrence or geographical connectivity in this area of the Atlantic.
- A 14-year photographic database was used to determine short-term (intra-seasonal) and long-term (inter-annual) Bryde's whale site fidelity and to estimate individual residency times in Madeira, whereas photographic catalogues from Madeira and the Canaries were compared in order to assess large-scale movements (i.e. on the scale of hundreds of kilometres).
- In Madeira, 59 individuals were identified, 27 (45.8%) of which were recaptured. Of these, 10 individuals (37.0%) presented short-term site fidelity and 17 individuals (63.0%) presented long-term site fidelity, with a maximum recapture interval of 12 years. Lagged identification rates showed that five individuals (SE = 2) remained in the area for 32 days (SE = 108 days) before leaving and not returning during the same year. Seven individuals were seen both in Madeira and the Canaries (catalogue comprising 51 individuals), three of which were identified multiple times in both archipelagos, with a minimum of 43 days between consecutive sightings.
- This information combined with the fact that this species is commonly sighted accompanied by calves and feeding in both archipelagos highlights the ecological importance of this area for Bryde's whales. This should be taken into consideration by policymakers when implementing conservation measures, where coordination of effort among countries is needed. This study also reinforces the value of using data from platforms of opportunity and of making photographic data open access.
32.
The Effect of Oxide Coating Dissolution on Cd Transport Through a Natural Quartz Sand 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Papini Marco Petrangeli Bianchi Annalisa Grimaldi Cecile Behra Philippe 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,159(1):49-65
The role of flow rate on Cd transport through a natural aquifer sand was investigated using a laboratory column set-up with particular reference to dissolution processes of external coatings. Clays and (hydr)oxides dissolution was investigated by tests performed feeding the column with Cd-free solutions at three different flow rates (0.2, 1 and 5 mL min–1). Flow rate significantly affected only the dissolution of Fe-containing coatings by releasing into the liquid phase different amounts of Fe. Cd transport experiments showed a strong effect of flow rate on Cd breakthrough curves and the lowest Cd adsorption was observed at the lowest flow rate. This behavior was fully explained in terms of competition between dissolved Fe and applied Cd for the same adsorption sites. Comparison of the Cd transport behavior on a pure quartz sand allowed confirmation of the strong influence of clay and (hydro)oxide coatings in determining the surface properties of the heterogeneous natural materials. An equilibrium model was proposed to describe the dynamic Cd behavior under the different experimental conditions (flow rates and Cd concentrations). 相似文献
33.
Romani A Vignolini P Galardi C Aroldi C Vazzana C Heimler D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(18):5301-5306
Roots, cotyledons, leaves, stems, pods, and seeds of three soy cultivars were analyzed for their content of isoflavones, flavonols, coumarins, and phenolic acid derivatives with three samplings during a three-month period. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC/DAD and HPLC/MS, allowing us to confirm the presence of daidzein and genistein derivatives as the major isoflavones and to characterize coumarins, most flavonols and phenolic acid derivatives. Seeds exhibited the highest content of isoflavones: 12.61 g/kg of dry weight (DW) in cv. Emiliana; 8.97 g/kg of DW in cv. Elvir; 4.49 g/kg of DW in cv. Kure, and roots are the only part with coumarins, ranging from 4.08 g/kg of DW (cv. Emiliana) to 1.29 g/kg of DW (cv. Elvir) for the longest sampling period. Leaves, pods, and stems have flavonols, and in particular leaves showed: 7.28 g/kg of DW in cv. Emiliana; 6.57 g/kg of DW in cv. Elvir; 7.08 g/kg of DW in cv. Kure. The high content of isoflavones found in the seeds could be ascribed to the natural conditions under which the soy plants were grown. 相似文献
34.
Alessio Varesano Claudia Vineis Annalisa Aluigi Fabio Rombaldoni Cinzia Tonetti Giorgio Mazzuchetti 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(1):36-42
This paper describes application and evaluation of polypyrrole as an antibacterial polymer. Polypyrrole was produced embedding two doping agents: chloride and dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate ions. Stability of the antibacterial efficacy of polypyrrole deposited on cotton fabrics was assessed before and after three different kinds of washing (namely, laundering with anionic and non-ionic detergents and dry-cleaning). Polypyrrole showed excellent antibacterial properties (100 % of bacterial reduction) against Escherichia coli for both doping agents. Treated fabrics were further characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The antibacterial efficacy diminished after launderings with anionic and non-ionic detergents because of two different mechanisms: the neutralisation of positive charges under alkali conditions (dedoping), and a partial removal of polypyrrole by abrasion and surfactant action. After dry-cleaning, polypyrrole embedding chloride and dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate ions still showed excellent antibacterial efficacy. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy investigations were used to intuitively explain the bactericidal mechanism of polypyrrole on Escherichia coli bacteria. 相似文献
35.
36.
Duraisamy Saravanakumar Annalisa Ciavorella Davide Spadaro Angelo Garibaldi M. Lodovica Gullino 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,49(1):121-128
A new strain of Metschnikowia pulcherrima (MACH1) was studied for its efficacy as a biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata on apples stored for 8 months at 1 °C. The results of two semi-commercial trials demonstrated the efficacy of the biocontrol strain MACH1. In order to understand the mechanism of action involved, the yeast strain was investigated for its competitive ability for iron against postharvest pathogens of apple. M. pulcherrima strain MACH1 was cultivated on PDA with different concentrations of iron (supplemented as FeCl3) against A. alternata and B. cinerea. The yeast strain MACH1 produced a wider pigmented inhibition zone against both pathogens in low iron amendments while less inhibition was measured with increased iron concentrations. At the coloured inhibition zone, B. cinerea and A. alternata conidia did not germinate and mycelial degeneration was observed. In addition, a high reduction in infection by both pathogens was recorded in apples treated with M. pulcherrima strain MACH1 supplemented with low iron amendments compared to higher iron concentrations. The same experiments were carried out in vivo and in vitro against P. expansum. M. pulcherrima strain MACH1 amended with low iron concentration (5 μg mL−1 FeCl3), showing modest lesion diameter reduction and no effect on P. expansum under increased iron and without iron amendments. This study illustrated that iron depletion by the yeast strain MACH1 under low iron conditions could reduce the growth of some postharvest pathogens in vitro and in vivo. Although, iron depletion seems to be a primary mode of action against the postharvest pathogens studied, other mechanisms of action cannot be excluded in the biocontrol employed by M. pulcherrima strain MACH1. 相似文献
37.
Eva Bernardi Luca Pomidori Davide Cavallari Gaia Mandolesi Annalisa Cogo 《The Forestry Chronicle》2017,28(2):122-126
38.
Enzo Vettorato Annalisa Zonca Maurizio Isola Roberto Villa Martina Gallo Giuliano Ravasio Michela Beccaglia Clara Montesissa Petra Cagnardi 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(3):310-315
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid agonist used extensively in human and, to a lesser extent, veterinary medicine throughout the world. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous (IV) and extradural (ED) tramadol (2 mg/kg) and its o-desmethyl metabolite were studied in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and post-operative pain was assessed using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale. A rapid (<5 min) and effective production of o-desmethyl tramadol was recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile was similar for tramadol and its metabolite irrespective of the route of administration. ED tramadol provided sufficient intra- and post-operative analgesia without significant clinical side-effects, but the post-operative analgesia was comparable to that following IV administration and the ED route could therefore not be considered a practical alternative to the IV route. 相似文献
39.
Pinelli P Ieri F Vignolini P Bacci L Baronti S Romani A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(19):9127-9132
In the present study the phenolic composition of leaves, stalks, and textile fiber extracts from Urtica dioica L. is described. Taking into account the increasing demand for textile products made from natural fibers and the necessity to create sustainable "local" processing chains, an Italian project was funded to evaluate the cultivation of nettle fibers in the region of Tuscany. The leaves of two nettle samples, cultivated and wild (C and W), contain large amounts of chlorogenic and 2- O-caffeoylmalic acid, which represent 71.5 and 76.5% of total phenolics, respectively. Flavonoids are the main class in the stalks: 54.4% of total phenolics in C and 31.2% in W samples. Anthocyanins are second in quantitative importance and are present only in nettle stalks: 28.6% of total phenolics in C and 24.4% in W extracts. Characterization of phenolic compounds in nettle extracts is an important result with regard to the biological properties (antioxidant and antiradical) of these metabolites for their possible applications in various industrial activities, such as food/feed, cosmetics, phytomedicine, and textiles. 相似文献
40.
Caterina Ferraresi Roberto Villa Giuliano Ravasio Annalisa Zonca Silvano Carli Alessandro Pecile Diego Fonda Petra Cagnardi 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014
Ketorolac (KET) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for human use, with a potent analgesic activity, that is used in the relief of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. The pharmacokinetics of KET tromethamine was evaluated after single IV injection at 0.5 mg/kg body weight, after intubation and 10 minutes before surgery, to six Arabian colts undergoing orchiectomy. Intraoperative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored. Blood samples were collected for 36 hours, and serum samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromotography with ultraviolet-visible detection. During surgery, all monitored physiological parameters were stable. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation, and normocapnia were maintained throughout the procedure in all animals. No adverse effects were observed. The kinetics of KET was described by a two-compartment models, and also a noncompartmental analysis was performed. The distribution and elimination half-lives were t1/2λ1 0.06 ± 0.02 and t1/2λ2 0.59 ± 0.21 hours, respectively. Body clearance and mean residence time were 339.99 ± 120.19 mL/h/kg and 0.49 ± 0.22 hours, respectively. The volume of distribution at steady state and volume of distribution based on the terminal phase were 218.83 ± 134.26 mL/kg and 522.5 ± 529.3 mL/kg, respectively. The serum protein binding was 75.8 ± 2.9%. The results indicate that KET at 0.5 mg/kg IV was very rapidly eliminated and thus was likely not effective in the postoperative period. However, further studies including a control group and at higher doses are suggested to investigate the KET kinetics and the analgesic efficacy in horse and define the most appropriate dosage scheme. 相似文献