Transvenous retrograde portography for identification and characterization of portosystemic shunts in dogs     

Miller MW  Fossum TW  Bahr AM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(11):1586-90, 1574

Transvenous retrograde portography for identification and characterization of portosystemic shunts in dogs A method for transvenous retrograde portography (TRP) in dogs suspected to have a portosystemic shunt (PSS) and results in 20 dogs are described. For TRP, dogs were anesthetized and positioned in left lateral recumbency A dual-lumen balloon-tipped catheter was inserted into the right jugular vein and advanced into the azygos vein. The balloon was inflated to occlude the azygos vein, and contrast material was injected during fluoroscopic evaluation. The catheter was then positioned in the caudal vena cava just cranial to the diaphragm. The balloon was again inflated to occlude the vena cava, and contrast material was again injected. Once a shunt was identified, selective catheterization was attempted with a guide wire and angled catheter. A PSS was identified in 18 of the 20 dogs. In 10 of the 18, the shunt vessel could be selectively catheterized, allowing measurement of portal pressures while the shunt was occluded with the balloon. In 1 dog, results of TRP were normal, but subsequent exploratory celiotomy revealed a single extrahepatic PSS, which was surgically attenuated. The other dog in which results of TRP were normal did not have a macroscopic PSS. In dogs suspected to have a PSS, TRP may be a useful adjunctive diagnostic test that is less invasive than operative mesenteric vein portography and allows measurement of portal pressures before and after temporary shunt occlusion.  相似文献   

Not classical homeopathy          下载免费PDF全文

Drosdovech M  Neumann S  Evans D  Blake S  Peck LS  Yearout DR  Ulbrich B  Facinelli J  Delgado R  Hoberg L  Harman J  Sthamann M  Lindsay M  Kwong H  Lampru A  Lamb J  Stagmeier K  Doyle JL  Elliot J  Siemon L 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(12):908-909

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Future of the RCVS library     

Jagger T  Jones A 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(25):791

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Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in goat kid faeces: comparison of a latex agglutination test with three other conventional techniques     

Chartier C  Mallereau-Pellet MP  Mancassola R  Nussbaum D 《Veterinary research》2002,33(2):169-177

Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts from goat kid faeces: comparison of a latex agglutination test with three other conventional techniques. A quantitative latex agglutination test (QLAT) with monoclonal antibodies for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in faeces was compared with 3 other conventional techniques: Heine staining on faecal smears (HS) giving semi-quantitative results (scores from 1 to 5), sucrose flotation on diluted faeces (SF) with results expressed in oocysts/g of faeces (opg), direct ELISA (DE) giving qualitative results. Goat kid unconcentrated faecal samples (234) from 8 farms were processed according to the 4 techniques. Data were analyzed with Win Episcope 1.0 and Testview 1.1 softwares. The oocyst outputs ranged from 100 000 (detection limit for SF) to 200 millions opg (mean: 15.2 millions opg). A very good agreement was recorded between QLAT and HS, SF, DE: Kappa values ranged between 0.82 and 0.90. When considering the samples exhibiting oocysts (or not) as positive (or negative) using both HS and SF (n = 219), the sensitivity and specificity of QLAT were respectively 95.1 and 96.0%. The lack of sensitivity was observed in faeces harboring a few oocysts (< or = 200 000 opg, scores < or = 2) whereas the lack of specificity was only observed in 3 samples originating from the same farm. A significant correlation was calculated between the percentage of agglutination in QLAT and the number of oocysts in SF or scores in HS (Spearman correlation ranging from 0.45 to 0.48, p < 0.001). QLAT is a rapid, simple and reliable tool for routine detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in faeces.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the importance of centrifugation as a component of zinc sulfate fecal flotation examinations     

Zajac AM  Johnson J  King SE 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(3):221-224

Fifty canine fecal samples were evaluated by five flotation procedures to compare the sensitivity of the zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) centrifugation flotation test with ZnSO4 flotation tests using benchtop incubation during the flotation period. One or more parasite species were detected in 40 samples. Results showed that centrifugation with ZnSO4 solution was significantly more likely to detect a positive sample than benchtop procedures. The difference in procedures was due primarily to increased detection of Trichuris eggs and Giardia cysts by centrifugal flotation. No significant difference was seen in the ability of benchtop procedures to detect positive samples when tests sat either for 5 or 10 minutes before examination.  相似文献   

Experimental study on pathogenic potential of six Acanthamoeba strains isolated from fish     

Veverková M  Dyková I  Pecková H 《Folia parasitologica》2002,49(3):243-245

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Further contributions to the genetic aspect of congenital sensorineural deafness in Dalmatians     

Muhle AC  Jaggy A  Stricker C  Steffen F  Dolf G  Busato A  Kornberg M  Mariscoli M  Srenk P  Gaillard C 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,163(3):247-318

Sensorineural deafness is a common congenital disorder in Dalmatians and is genetically transmitted. Different modes of inheritance have been proposed and the objective of this study was to study these by segregation analyses using maximum likelihood procedures. Data from 33 complete Dalmatian families were collected and data from 56 single Dalmatians added. This resulted in a total of 575 dogs with 357 known phenotypes. All dogs were clinically evaluated and electrophysiologically tested with brainstem auditory evoked responses.The prevalence of deafness was 16.5% (9.4% unilaterally deaf, 7.1% bilaterally deaf). Females were 4.4% more affected than males but this difference was not significant. Within the same litter, different phenotypic expressions of deafness occurred, which suggested different expressions of the disease. In addition, two data sets were analysed: the first included normal, uni- and bilaterally deaf dogs, the second had normal and deaf Dalmatians. We found that a recessive allele at a single biallelic major locus fitted our data best, although an incomplete penetrance of the recessive homozygotes was observed.  相似文献   

Searching for veterinary evidence: strategies and resources for locating clinical research.     

Sarah Anne Murphy 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2007,37(3):433-445

This article offers information regarding selected veterinary information resources, along with basic search strategies for locating clinical evidence within these resources. No one database provides adequate indexing and abstracting to all literature relevant to the veterinary clinical question. An understanding of a database's syntax and field structure is necessary to formulate a functional search strategy and evaluate the outcome of search results. Flexibility when identifying, selecting, and combining search terms is also required to avoid overlimiting a search.  相似文献   

Serologic and genetic characterization of North American H3N2 swine influenza A viruses          下载免费PDF全文

Marie Ren Gramer  Jee Hoon Lee  Young Ki Choi  Sagar M. Goyal    Han Soo Joo 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2007,71(3):201-206

The H3N2 subtype of influenza A viruses isolated from pigs in the United States and Canada has shown both genetic and antigenic diversity. The objective of this study was to determine the serologic and genetic characteristics of contemporary strains of these viruses. Genetic analysis of 18 reference strains and 8 selected strains demonstrated differences in 1% to 9% of the nucleotides of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene revealed 3 genetic clusters, as well as divergence of cluster III viruses from a cluster III prototype virus (A/Swine/Illinois/21587/99). By means of 1-way cross-hemagglutination inhibition with antiserum against 5 field isolates and 3 vaccine viruses, most of 97 isolates tested could be placed in 1 of 3 serogroups. The several isolates that did not react with any antiserum were in genetic cluster III, which suggests that continuous antigenic drift in cluster III may have resulted in virus variants. The efficacy of commercial vaccines against these virus variants should be evaluated with vaccination and challenge studies.  相似文献   

Relation between Soil Health, Wave-like Fluctuations in Microbial Populations, and Soil-borne Plant Disease Management     

Ariena H. C. van Bruggen  Alexander M. Semenov  Anne D. van Diepeningen  Oscar J. de Vos  Wim J. Blok 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,115(1):105-122

A healthy soil is often defined as a stable soil system with high levels of biological diversity and activity, internal nutrient cycling, and resilience to disturbance. This implies that microbial fluctuations after a disturbance would dampen more quickly in a healthy than in a chronically damaged and biologically impoverished soil. Soil could be disturbed by various processes, for example addition of a nutrient source, tillage, or drying-rewetting. As a result of any disturbance, the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria and of individual species start to oscillate, both in time and space. The oscillations appear as moving waves along the path of a moving nutrient source such as a root tip. The phase and period for different trophic groups and species of bacteria may be shifted indicating that succession occurs. DGGE, Biolog and FAME analysis of subsequent populations in oscillation have confirmed that there is a cyclic succession in microbial communities. Microbial diversity oscillates in opposite direction from oscillations in microbial populations. In a healthy soil, the amplitudes of these oscillations will be small, but the background levels of microbial diversity and activity are high, so that soil-borne diseases will face more competitors and antagonists. However, soil-borne pathogens and antagonists alike will fluctuate in time and space as a result of growing plant roots and other disturbances, and the periods and phases of the oscillations may vary. As a consequence, biological control by members of a single trophic group or species may never be complete, as pathogens will encounter varying populations of the biocontrol agent on the root surface. A mixture of different trophic groups may provide more complete biological control because peaks of different trophic groups occur at subsequent locations along a root. Alternatively, regular addition of soil organic matter may increase background levels of microbial activity, increase nutrient cycling, lower the concentrations of easily available nutrient sources, increase microbial diversity, and enhance natural disease suppression.  相似文献