Factors that affect the demand for potato products in the United States     

Joseph F. Guenthner  Annette E. Levi  Biing-Hwan Lin 《American Journal of Potato Research》1991,68(9):569-579

A demand model was developed to determine the factors that affect the demand for potato products in the United States. The following market components were analyzed: potato chips; dehydrated-foodservice; dehydrated-retail; fresh; frozen-foodservice; and frozen-retail. Equations were estimated for each of the six components via ordinary least squares. Factors found to affect demand were population, consumer price index, consumer income, consumer debt, retail potato product price, females in the labor force, percentage of households with microwave ovens, restaurant meal expenditures, price of substitute potato products, price of complement products, and advertising expenditures. The demand for all of the potato products was found to be inelastic, but fresh demand was the most inelastic.  相似文献   

Assessing nitrogen fixation in mixed- and single-species plantations of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii     

Forrester DI  Schortemeyer M  Stock WD  Bauhus J  Khanna PK  Cowie AL 《Tree physiology》2007,27(9):1319-1328

Mixtures of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Acacia mearnsii de Wildeman are twice as productive as E. globulus monocultures growing on the same site in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia, possibly because of increased nitrogen (N) availability owing to N(2) fixation by A. mearnsii. To investigate whether N(2) fixation by A. mearnsii could account for the mixed-species growth responses, we assessed N(2) fixation by the accretion method and the (15)N natural abundance method. Nitrogen gained by E. globulus and A. mearnsii mixtures and monocultures was calculated by the accretion method with plant and soil samples collected 10 years after plantation establishment. Nitrogen in biomass and soil confirmed that A. mearnsii influenced N dynamics. Assuming that the differences in soil, forest floor litter and biomass N of plots containing A. mearnsii compared with E. globulus monocultures were due to N(2) fixation, the 10-year annual mean rates of N(2) fixation were 38 and 86 kg ha(-1) year(-1) in 1:1 mixtures and A. mearnsii monocultures, respectively. Nitrogen fixation by A. mearnsii could not be quantified on the basis of the natural abundance of (15)N because such factors as mycorrhization type and fractionation of N isotopes during N cycling within the plant confounded the effect of the N source on the N isotopic signature of plants. This study shows that A. mearnsii fixed significant quantities of N(2) when mixed with E. globulus. A decline in delta(15)N values of E. globulus and A. mearnsii with time, from 2 to 10 years, is further evidence that N(2) was fixed and cycled through the stands. The increased aboveground biomass production of E. globulus trees in mixtures when compared with monocultures can be attributed to increases in N availability.  相似文献   

Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Dogs With Asymptomatic and Mildly Symptomatic Mitral Valvular Insufficiency   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Henrik D. Pedersen  Jørgen Koch  Knud Poulsen  Asger L. Jensen  Annette Flagstad 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1995,9(5):328-331

The renin-angiotensin system has important pathophysiologic implications in the development of congestive heart failure. The activity of the renin-angiotensin system early in the course of heart disease and heart failure in dogs was evaluated by measuring the plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in 18 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic mitral valvular insufficiency, and in 18 healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. All dogs were unmedicated and had no other diseases. The PRA was high in the dogs with mitral valvular insufficiency (median 3.44 ng/mL/h, interquartile interval 2.59 to 8.66 ng/mL/h) compared with the controls (median 2.51 ng/mL/h, interquartile interval 1.44 to 3.58 ng/mL/h). The PAC was also higher in the dogs with mitral insufficiency (median 53 pg/mL, interquartile interval 33 to 138 pg/mL) than in the control group (median 27 pg/mL, interquartile interval 11.5 to 54 pg/mL). However, there was considerable overlap between the 2 groups in both PRA and PAC. It was concluded from these data that there is early activation of the renin-angiotensin system in some Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with mitral valvular insufficiency. Further prospective studies are needed to determine if early intervention with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors will be valuable in this group of patients.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF SODIUM DIATRIZOATE ON THE IN VITRO GROWTH OF THREE COMMON CANINE URINARY BACTERIAL SPECIES     

Annette L.  Ruby  BA  Gerald V.  Ling  DVM  Norman  Ackerman  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1983,24(5):222-225

The mean concentration of diatrizoate in urine specimens of eight dogs collected 20 minutes after intravenous injection of 2.2 ml/kg of sodium and meglumine diatrizoate (iodine concentration, 288 mg/ml) was 80 mg/ml (iodine concentration, 48 mg/ml). The mean concentration plus 1 SD was 111 mg/ml (iodine concentration, 66 mg/ml), and the mean concentration plus 2 SD was 142 mg/ml (iodine concentration, 85 mg/ml). The presence of diatrizoate at a concentration of 142 mg/ml did not inhibit in vitro bacterial growth of any of ten randomly selected canine urinary isolates of Escherichia coli or any of ten randomly selected urinary isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro bacterial growth of all ten randomly selected urinary bacterial isolates of Proteus mirabilis was significantly inhibited by a diatrizoate concentration of 80 mg/ml. Bacterial growth was progressively inhibited by increased diatrizoate concentrations.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the non‐calibrated pulse contour cardiac output monitor FloTrac/Vigileo against thermodilution in standing horses          下载免费PDF全文

Annette PN Kutter  Regula Bettschart‐Wolfensberger  Colin C Schwarzwald  Karine G Portier  Simone K Ringer 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(2):153-162

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Evaluation of agreement and trending ability between transpulmonary thermodilution and calibrated pulse contour and pulse power cardiac output monitoring methods against pulmonary artery thermodilution in anesthetized dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Annette P.N. Kutter Dr med vet  DECVAA  Noemi Romagnoli Dr med vet  Rima N. Bektas Dr med vet  DECVAA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(4):531-540

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Narrative review of therapies for chronic enteropathies in dogs and cats     

Kelly Makielski  Jonah Cullen  Annette O'Connor  Albert E. Jergens 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):11-22

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Combined interventional procedure and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in a dog with cor triatriatum dexter,patent foramen ovale,and pulmonary stenosis     

Federica Marchesotti  Vincenzo Rondelli  Marco Pesaresi  Stefano Nicoli  Tommaso Vezzosi  Edoardo Auriemma  Guido Lanzillo  Andrea Cuccio  Toufic Khouri  Annette Dejong  Oriol Domenech 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(5):2227-2234

A 2‐year‐old American Pit Bull dog was presented for surgical evaluation of imperforate cor triatriatum dexter (CTD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO). Echocardiography identified an imperforate CTD associated with a right‐to‐left shunting PFO and valvular pulmonary stenosis. A 2‐step interventional and surgical approach was used. Initially, a pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty was performed, and subsequently the dog underwent a surgical correction of the atrial anomaly under cardiopulmonary bypass.  相似文献   

Comparison of three continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interfaces in healthy Beagle dogs during medetomidine–propofol constant rate infusions     

Carolina Meira  Fabiola B. Joerger  Annette P.N. Kutter  Andreas Waldmann  Simone K. Ringer  Stephan H. Böehm  Samuel Iff  Martina Mosing 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):145-157

Objective

To compare the efficacy of three continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interfaces in dogs on gas exchange, lung volumes, amount of leak during CPAP and rebreathing in case of equipment failure or disconnection.

Study design

Randomized, prospective, crossover, experimental trial.

Animals

Ten purpose-bred Beagle dogs.

Methods

Dogs were in dorsal recumbency during medetomidine–propofol constant rate infusions, breathing room air. Three interfaces were tested in each dog in a consecutive random order: custom-made mask (M), conical face mask (FM) and helmet (H). End-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) measured by electrical impedance tomography was assessed with no interface (baseline), with the interface only (No-CPAP for 3 minutes) and at 15 minutes of 7 cmH₂O CPAP (CPAP-delivery). PaO₂ was assessed at No-CPAP and CPAP-delivery, partial pressure of inspired carbon dioxide (PICO₂; rebreathing assessment) at No-CPAP and the interface leak (ΔP_leak) at CPAP-delivery. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results

During CPAP-delivery, all interfaces increased EELI by 7% (p < 0.001). Higher ΔP_leak was observed with M and H (9 cmH₂O) in comparison with FM (1 cmH₂O) (p < 0.001). At No-CPAP, less rebreathing occurred with M (0.5 kPa, 4 mmHg) than with FM (1.8 kPa, 14 mmHg) and with H (1.4 kPa, 11 mmHg), but also lower PaO₂ was measured with M (9.3 kPa, 70 mmHg) than with H (11.9 kPa, 90 mmHg) and FM (10.8 kPa, 81 mmHg).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

All three interfaces can be used to provide adequate CPAP in dogs. The leak during CPAP-delivery and the risk of rebreathing and hypoxaemia, when CPAP is not maintained, can be significant. Therefore, animals should always be supervised during administration of CPAP with any of the three interfaces. The performance of the custom-made M was not superior to the other interfaces.  相似文献   

Swimming performance of brown trout and grayling show species‐specific responses to changes in temperature     

Annette Taugbl  Kjetil Olstad  Kim Magnus Brum  Jon Museth 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2019,28(2):241-246

Fishways have historically been constructed to restore and preserve the ecological connectivity for fish in fragmented rivers. However, the fishways are often selective on species due to different size and swimming capacity. As the proportion of dammed rivers is still increasing, there is a growing need for more information on wild fish and their migration potential. In this study, we compared the swimming capacity of wild caught brown trout (Salmo trutta) and European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) until the fish were exhausted in a critical swimming speed (U_crit) test, under three different naturally occurring stream temperatures in Norway: 1.7, 5.5 and 10°C. The results indicated that trout swim better at the warmer temperatures than at colder temperatures. The grayling showed consistent swimming patterns with little variation across all tested temperatures. The results therefore signify the need to have operational fishways already early in the spring when the grayling migration starts and highlight the need for more studies on fish migration abilities across a wider range of species and seasons.  相似文献