Escherichia coli post-weaning diarrhoea occurrence in piglets with monitored exposure to creep feed     

Carstensen L  Ersbøll AK  Jensen KH  Nielsen JP 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,110(1-2):113-123

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of offering supplementary creep feed to piglets during the suckling period on the faecal shedding of haemolytic Escherichia coli bacteria and occurrence of spontaneous post-weaning diarrhoea 0-5 days after weaning. Supplementary creep feed was offered to half of the piglets in 12 litters, from 2 weeks of age until weaning at 4 weeks, and the individual feed contact was recorded by direct observations. It was found that diarrhoea occurrence was associated with faecal shedding of haemolytic E. coli bacteria (p=0.003), specifically E. coli O149 (p=0.004). Occurrence of diarrhoea and faecal shedding of haemolytic E. coli was not associated with creep feeding per se. However, the faecal E. coli O149 shedding occurred significantly less often in piglets that were offered creep feed in the suckling period but only showed limited interest in the feed (i.e. contacted the feed less than or equal to the median level of contact) compared to piglets that had frequent creep feed contact or piglets that had not had access to creep feed at all (p=0.015). Correspondingly, the diarrhoea occurrence tended to be lower in these piglets (p=0.081). Piglets with low creep feed contact during the suckling period ate the same total amount of feed during the 5 days after weaning, however, they ate less feed on days 0-2 after weaning compared to the piglets with frequent creep feed contact and non-creep fed piglets. It is suggested that intestinal function associated with a voluntary low creep feed contact during the suckling period leads to decreased feed intake just after weaning, and thus reduces the intestinal proliferation of E. coli O149 in these piglets.  相似文献   

Massive hepatocellular carcinoma in dogs: 48 cases (1992-2002)     

Liptak JM  Dernell WS  Monnet E  Powers BE  Bachand AM  Kenney JG  Withrow SJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(8):1225-1230

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical signs, diagnostic findings, outcome, and prognostic factors in dogs treated surgically for massive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compare survival times of surgically and conservatively treated dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 48 dogs. PROCEDURE: Medical records were examined for clinical signs, diagnostic and surgical findings, and postoperative outcome. Dogs were allocated into surgery and nonsurgery groups depending on whether curative-intent liver lobectomy was performed. Data from the surgical and nonsurgical groups were analyzed to identify prognostic factors and determine and compare rates of tumor control and survival time. RESULTS: 42 dogs were treated surgically, and 6 were managed conservatively. In the surgery group, intraoperative mortality rate was 4.8% with no local recurrence, metastatic rate was 4.8%, and median survival time was > 1,460 days (range, 1 to 1,460 days). High alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were associated with poor prognosis. Median survival time for the nonsurgery group was 270 days (range, 0 to 415 days), which was significantly less than that of surgically treated dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Liver lobectomy is recommended for dogs with massive HCC because tumor-related mortality rate was 15.4 times higher in dogs in the nonsurgery group, compared with the surgery group. Tumor control was excellent after surgical resection with no local recurrence and a low metastatic rate. Prognostic factors were identified, but their clinical relevance was uncertain because only 9.5% of dogs in the surgery group died as a result of their disease.  相似文献   

Increased mean arterial pressure and aldosterone-to-renin ratio in Persian cats with polycystic kidney disease     

Pedersen KM  Pedersen HD  Häggström J  Koch J  Ersbøll AK 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(1):21-27

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in Persian cats has been increasingly reported and compared to human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in the last decade. In cats, however, few studies have dealt with the occurrence and hormonal determinants of hypertension, one of the most common extrarenal manifestations of ADPKD in humans. The purpose of this study was to compare Persian cats >4 years old with PKD to unaffected control cats with regard to blood pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA), serum aldosterone concentration, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration, and aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR). Three gender- and age-matched groups were studied, each consisting of 7 cats: (1) a control group without cysts, (2) a group with mild PKD, and (3) a group with severe PKD (multiple cysts and renal enlargement). Mild renal insufficiency was found in only 1 of 14 cats with PKD. Cats with PKD had a higher mean arterial pressure (P = .04) and more often had a high ARR (P = .047) than did control cats. Tendencies toward higher diastolic and systolic arterial pressures (DAPs and SAPs, respectively) and lower PRAs were observed in cats with PKD compared to controls (.05 < P < or = .1). No significant differences were found between the groups in serum aldosterone and plasma ANP concentrations. None of the cats had echocardiographic evidence of cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, cats with PKD had a minor increase in mean arterial pressure compared to control cats, and half of the cats had a high ARR.  相似文献   

Analysing land-cover changes in relation to environmental variables in Hesse,Germany   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：14  

Hietel  Elke  Waldhardt  Rainer  Otte  Annette 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(5):473-489

Land-use and land-cover changes affect ecological landscape functions and processes. Hence, landscape ecologists have a central interest in a comprehensive understanding of such changes. Our study focuses on the relationships between environmental conditions and agricultural land-cover changes. We present a method to (i) characterise the major spatial-temporal processes of land-cover changes, (ii) identify the correlations between environmental attributes and land-cover changes and (iii) derive potential environmental drivers of land-cover changes in a German marginal rural landscape. The method was applied to study land-cover dynamics from 1945 to 1998 in the districts of Erda, Steinbrücken and Eibelshausen, situated in the marginal rural landscape of the Lahn-Dill Highlands, Germany. We employed land-cover data gained by the interpretation of multi-temporal aerial photographs. Various environmental variables were introduced into the analyses. We identified physical landscape attributes (elevation, slope, aspect, available water capacity and soil texture) and structural landscape dimensions (patch size, patch shape and distance between patch and nearest settlement). With the aid of GIS, K-means partitioning and canonical correspondence analysis, we investigated land-cover trajectory types, land-cover transitions at individual time intervals and their relationships to these environmental variables. Our results show that, between 1945 and 1998, land-cover changes correlated with the physical attributes of the underlying landscape. On the other hand, the structural landscape dimensions correlated with land cover only in periods of minor land-cover changes (1972–98). Greater diversity of physical landscape attributes is correlated with greater land-cover dynamics. Besides the important influence of socio-economic factors, land-cover changes in the study areas took place within the relatively stable physical constraints of the underlying landscape.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Serum-haptoglobin concentration in Danish slaughter pigs of different health status     

Petersen HH  Ersbøll AK  Jensen CS  Nielsen JP 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,54(4):27-335

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 617 finishing pigs aged 10–25 weeks in 11 commercial herds of different health statuses as defined by the Danish monitoring program for specific-pathogen-free (SPF) herds. A standard clinical examination was performed and a blood sample was obtained from each pig for determination of haptoglobin concentration in serum.

Pigs aged 10–14, 15–19 and 20–25 weeks in conventional herds had higher haptoglobin concentrations than high-health SPF (SPF-x) pigs of the same age. There was no significant difference between SPF-x pigs of different ages. Conventional pigs aged 15–19 and 20–25 weeks had higher haptoglobin concentrations than conventional pigs aged 10–14 weeks. Herd influenced the haptoglobin concentration. Lame pigs and pigs with tail or ear bite had elevated haptoglobin concentrations. No significant effect of respiratory symptoms or umbilical hernia was found.  相似文献   

High prevalence of treponemes in bovine digital dermatitis-a molecular epidemiology     

Nordhoff M  Moter A  Schrank K  Wieler LH 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,131(3-4):293-300

To validate the epidemiology of Treponema spp. associated with digital dermatitis (DD) a large number of DD samples (n=56) were examined by DNA-DNA dot blot analyses using oligonucleotide probes specific for phylogenetic group I-VII of oral treponemes and DD-associated phylotypes DDKL-4, DDKL-12 and DDKL-20 as well as for T. brennaborense and T. socranskii. Positive hybridisation results were obtained for phylogenetic groups I, II and IV and phylotypes DDKL-4 and DDKL-12. While phylotype DDKL-4 was detected in 100% of the samples treponemes belonging to phylogenetic group TRE I, TRE II and TRE IV were prevalent in nearly 80% of the samples and phylotype DDKL-12 was detected in 66.1% of the samples. Analysis of Treponema groups present concurrently in the same sample revealed that a combination of TRE I-TRE II-TRE IV-DDKL-4 was most prevalent and could be detected in up to 71% of the samples. These data indicate that this combination of different Treponema spp. seems to be the most important one in the pathogenesis of DD. In contrast, T. brennaborense originally isolated from DD material this treponeme was not detected in any of the samples clearly indicating that this species is not absolutely associated with DD and therefore may represent only an incidental treponeme. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) obviously highlights the invasive character of DD-associated treponemes. Mainly treponemes belonging to phylogenetic group TRE I and phylotype DDKL-4 were detected in high numbers compared to the total number of bacteria and also in deeper layers of the epithelium at the transition of unaffected and affected tissue. Our results confirm a high prevalence and diversity of Treponema spp. in DD lesions. In addition, our data indicate that certain combinations of Treponema spp. are detected much more frequently than others. Furthermore, Treponema spp. appears at the interface between healthy and diseased tissue underlining their importance for the pathogenesis of DD.  相似文献   

Finances. My client's ABC: from which customers do I actually make a living?     

Racine A 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2008,150(8):423-424

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Development to Term of Fused and Partially Enucleated Mouse Two-Cell Embryos     

Annette Clement-Sengewald  Gottfried Brem 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1990,25(1):14-21

Contents: After the blastomeres of mouse two-cell embryos were fused by electric pulses within the zona pellucida, one nucleus of the fusion products was removed following the enucleation method described by McGrath and Solter (1983a, 1983b). 38% (196/520) of the fused embryos were enucleated successfully when Whitten's medium was used as enucleation medium and 434 of 1007 (43%) of the embryos when M 2 was used. 30% (47/159) of the partially enucleated embryos cleaved during their in vitro cultivation but only 3% developed to the morula or blasto cyst stage. 20 young (17%) were born after the transfer of 120 fused and partially enucleated two-cell embryos to 8 pseudopregnant recipients. It was shown that fused and partially enucleated two-cell embryos are able to survive and are able to reach adulthood, although their developmental rate is significantly lower than that of control embryos .
Here we report experiments for the examination of the developmental capacity of two-cell mouse embryos partially enucleated after fusion .  相似文献   

Critically appraising studies reporting assessing diagnostic tests.     

Annette O'Connor  Richard B Evans 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2007,37(3):487-497

Studies that report the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests are susceptible to flaws that can introduce bias and lead to incorrect estimates. This article uses the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies checklist to describe how to appraise a study reporting diagnostic test comparisons critically. The article also contains a glossary of terms that are useful in discussions about diagnostic tests.  相似文献   

Parasite population dynamics in pigs infected with Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum     

Heidi Huus Petersen  Annette Andreasen  Helene Kringel  Allan Roepstorff  Stig M. Thamsborg 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(1-2):73-80

The aim of the present study was to investigate the population dynamics and potential interactions between Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum in experimentally co-infected pigs, by quantification of parasite parameters such as egg excretion, worm recovery and worm location. Forty-eight helminth naïve pigs were allocated into four groups. Group O was inoculated with 20 O. dentatum L₃/kg/day and Group T with 10 T. suis eggs/kg/day. Group OT was inoculated with both 20 O. dentatum L₃/kg/day and 10 T. suis eggs/kg/day, while Group C was kept as an uninfected control group. All inoculations were trickle infections administered twice weekly and were continued until slaughter. Faecal samples were collected from the rectum of all pigs at day 0, and twice weekly from 2 to 9 weeks post first infection (wpi). Six pigs from each group were necropsied 5 wpi and the remaining 6 pigs from each group were necropsied 10 wpi. The faecal egg counts (FEC) and total worm burdens of O. dentatum were dramatically influenced by the presence of T. suis, with significantly lower mean FECs and worm burdens at 5 and 10 wpi compared to single infected pigs. Furthermore, in the presence of T. suis we found that O. dentatum was located more posteriorly in the gut. The changes in the Trichuris population were less prominent, but faecal egg counts, worm counts 5 wpi (57% recovered vs. 39%) and the proportion of infected animals at 10 wpi were higher in Group OT compared to Group T. The location of T. suis was unaffected by the presence of O. dentatum. These results indicate an antagonistic interaction between T. suis and O. dentatum which is dominated by T. suis.  相似文献