Greenhouse Study on the Effects of the Urease Inhibitors Phenyl Phosphorodiamidate and N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide on the Efficiency of Urea Applied to Flooded Rice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bernard H. Byrnes  Reinhold Gutser  Anton Amberger 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1989,152(1):67-72

Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment with two-thirds applied as labeled ¹⁵N urea at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) and one-third (not labeled) at 42 DAT to determine the effect of the urease inhibitors phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPDA) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on urea hydrolysis, plant uptake, yield, and loss of fertilizer N. An acidifying agent [Al₂(SO₄)₃] and an algicide were used to reduce the floodwater pH and thus slow the degradation of PPDA, keeping it effective for a longer period. Algicide addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA inhibition by about 2 days and increased plant uptake and grain yield significantly over that with urea use alone. Al₂(SO₄)₃ addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA only about 1 day, increased N uptake slightly, but failed to increase grain yield. NBPT effectively slowed urea hydrolysis, more than doubled plant uptake over that with urea alone, and increased grain yield by 38%. Percolation at 0.5 cm per day caused plant N uptake to increase by about 6% in all treatments but it was not essential for the inhibitors to have a beneficial effect. For the first split application, fertilizer losses of 50% from urea were decreased to about 10% by use of NBPT and to 28% with PPDA alone, and by combination of PPDA with the algicide losses were 22%.  相似文献   

Reservoirs' siltation measurments and sediment transport assessment in the Czech Republic, the Vrchlice catchment study     

Josef Krasa  Tomas Dostal  Anton Van Rompaey  Jiri Vaska  Karel Vrana 《CATENA》2005,64(2-3):348

Sediment transport from agricultural land into rivers and reservoirs is a problem within the Czech Republic. This problem was highly accelerated almost 50 years ago during the communist period. At that time strong collectivization was undertaken leading to destruction of traditional landscape patterns, surface outflow, erosion processes intensification and surface water quality deterioration. Thirteen years after political changes erosion problems remain.At the Department of Irrigation, Drainage and Landscape Engineering at the CTU Prague there has been continuous research undertaken in the field of erosion and sediment transport assessment. There are several modelling tools available for this purpose. One of them—USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) is commonly used in the Czech Republic for many years at a plot-scale but modern GIS (geographical information systems) tools in computer science allow using it at larger scales. Very important is the validation of this model for two-dimensional topography and GIS routines. Moreover USLE produces only local erosion amount values and has to be completed by another tool to get sediment amounts. For this purpose SDR (sediment delivery ratio) is usually used, applying a lumped approach—total erosion of every watershed is reduced by SDR and by pond’s trapping efficiency. Another available approach is using the Watem/SEDEM model that puts together RUSLE (Revised USLE) and a distributive approach to sediment transport modelling. This has already been used for estimating sediment amount in several catchments of the Czech Republic, but has to be validated as well.At the Dept. of Drainage, Irrigation and Landscape Engineering there are datasets of sediment amount from different reservoirs available and other reservoirs are to be measured soon. As the dataset of various watersheds is expanded, a methodology for sediment amount measurements is needed. The main objective of this paper is to propose a simple methodology to measure the sediment amount within reservoirs as well as to present a review of available methods. The application of the methodology at Vrchlice Catchments (97 km²) case study is presented. Total sediment amounts between 125 000140 000 m³ were measured in Vrchlice reservoir and values of 110 976 m³ (using USLE), resp. 105833 m³ (using Watem/SEDEM) were predicted by the erosion models. For catchments of this scale it is a sufficient validation.  相似文献   

Physicochemical modifications of high-pressure-treated soybean protein isolates   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Puppo C  Chapleau N  Speroni F  De Lamballerie-Anton M  Michel F  Añón C  Anton M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(6):1564-1571

Changes induced by high pressure (HP) treatment (200-600 MPa) on soybean protein isolates (SPI) at pH 3 (SPI3) and pH 8 (SPI8) were analyzed. Changes in protein solubility, surface hydrophobicity (Ho), and free sulfhydryl content (SH(F)) were determined. Protein aggregation and denaturation and changes in secondary structure were also studied. An increase in protein Ho and aggregation, a reduction of free SH, and a partial unfolding of 7S and 11S fractions were observed in HP-treated SPI8. Changes in secondary structure were also detected, which led to a more disordered structure. HP-treated SPI3 was partially denatured and presented insoluble aggregates. A major molecular unfolding, a decrease of thermal stability, and an increase of protein solubility and Ho were also detected. At 400 and 600 MPa, a decrease of the SH(F) and a total denaturation were observed.  相似文献   

Drug-induced change in the distribution of sulfonamides in the mother rat and its fetus     

A H Anton  R E Rodriguez 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,180(89):974-976

The distribution of a highly bound antibacterial sulfonamide was markedly altered in both the mother rat and its fetus by interfering with the binding of this drug to plasma protein in the mother. This effect was due to binding displacement, since the displacing agent had little or no effect on the distribution of another sulfonamide with very low binding to plasma protein.  相似文献   

Zusammenhänge zwischen den für die Rohverfärbung der Kartoffelknolle verantwortlichen Inhaltsstoffen     

Klaus Schaller  Anton Amberger 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1974,24(1-2):183-190

Zusammenfassung Mit der Faktorenanalyse nach der Hauptachsenmethode und der aufbauenden multiplen Regressionsanalyse konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Rohverfärbung der Kartoffelknolle im wesentlichen von der Aktivität der Polyphenoloxydase, sowie den Gehalten an Gesamtphenol, basischen Aminosäuren, Trockensubstanz, Chlorogensäure, Flavonolen usw. abhängt. Der errechnete Einfluß der basischen Aminosäuren auf die Verfärbungsneigung der Knolle kann zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht erklärt werden.

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Relationships between enzymic browning of potatoes and several constituents of the tuber.With a factorial analysis and a multiple regression analysis could be shown that the enzymic browning of the potato tuber is essentially influenced by the polyphenol oxidase activity, content of total phenolics, basic amino acids, dry matter content, chlorogenic acid, and flavonols.The influence of basic amino acids on enzymic browning can not be explained at present.Further investigations are necessary.

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Resume Relations entre le brunissement enzymatique des pommes de terre, et divers constituants du tubercule.L'analyse factorielle, l'analyse de la régression multiple, démontrent que le brunissement enzymatique du tubercule de pomme de terre est influencé essentiellement par l'activité des polyphénols oxydases, par le taux de polyphénols totaux, par les aminoacides basiques, par le taux de matière sèche, par l'acide chlorogénique et par les flavonols.L'action des aminoacides basiques sur le brunissement enzymatique n'a pas pu être expliqué jusqu'à present.De nouvelles recherches sont nécessaires.

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The predictive value of different socio-economic indicators for overweight in nine European countries     

Roskam AJ  Kunst AE 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(12):1256-1266

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Elemental compositions of comet 81P/Wild 2 samples collected by Stardust     

Flynn GJ  Bleuet P  Borg J  Bradley JP  Brenker FE  Brennan S  Bridges J  Brownlee DE  Bullock ES  Burghammer M  Clark BC  Dai ZR  Daghlian CP  Djouadi Z  Fakra S  Ferroir T  Floss C  Franchi IA  Gainsforth Z  Gallien JP  Gillet P  Grant PG  Graham GA  Green SF  Grossemy F  Heck PR  Herzog GF  Hoppe P  Hörz F  Huth J  Ignatyev K  Ishii HA  Janssens K  Joswiak D  Kearsley AT  Khodja H  Lanzirotti A  Leitner J  Lemelle L  Leroux H  Luening K  Macpherson GJ  Marhas KK  Marcus MA  Matrajt G  Nakamura T  Nakamura-Messenger K  Nakano T  Newville M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5806):1731-1735

We measured the elemental compositions of material from 23 particles in aerogel and from residue in seven craters in aluminum foil that was collected during passage of the Stardust spacecraft through the coma of comet 81P/Wild 2. These particles are chemically heterogeneous at the largest size scale analyzed ( approximately 180 ng). The mean elemental composition of this Wild 2 material is consistent with the CI meteorite composition, which is thought to represent the bulk composition of the solar system, for the elements Mg, Si, Mn, Fe, and Ni to 35%, and for Ca and Ti to 60%. The elements Cu, Zn, and Ga appear enriched in this Wild 2 material, which suggests that the CI meteorites may not represent the solar system composition for these moderately volatile minor elements.  相似文献   

Connecting Small Farmers in the Caribbean to Knowledge,Networks, and Institutions Through ICTs     

Kenia-Rosa Kinda Campo  Anton Robinson  Wayne Ganpat 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2017,18(2):81-95

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been shown to be useful in agricultural knowledge systems to improve communication linkages among research, extension services, and farmers. The end result would be new information and technologies being made available to those who need it the most in larger numbers and in a timelier manner. While the role of ICTs in stimulating technological, organizational, institutional, and policy innovations in developing countries has been recognized, in many Caribbean States where ICTs are becoming readily available, the development and use of ICT in agricultural research and innovation systems remain underexploited, despite the fact that the agricultural sector in these developing nations accounts for a significant amount of the total employed labor force. This article traces key developments in ICT use in the agricultural sector in the Caribbean region, while highlighting the challenges as well as the potential of this technology. Several initiatives in the region are described and suggestions made for the development of innovative, appropriate, and efficient information and communication systems.  相似文献   

Assessment of Opportunities for Burundian Small-Scale Potato Farmers to Increase Productivity and Income     

Astère Bararyenya  Pierre-Claver Nahayo  Anicet Nduwimana  Pierre Niyonzima  Déo Nyawakira  Jean-Pierre Sindihebura  Ernest Vyizigiro  Vital Ndayishimiye  Anton J. Haverkort 《Potato Research》2018,61(1):73-88

From 2014 through 2016, on-farm experiments were carried out in three provinces surrounding Bujumbura town in Burundi to improve the low potato (Solanum tuberosum) yields, which currently stand at about 6 t ha^?1. It was hypothesised that in rain-fed conditions, improved varieties, healthier seed tubers, pre-sprouting in light, proper fertilisation and protection from late blight attack would improve yield and quality, such as tuber weight, tuber size and lower brown rot incidence. The treatments in the on-farm trials at five farms in each of three sites (15 replicates) were applied in two seasons, giving 30 replicates in 580 plots. The following treatments were compared with growers’ current practices: introduction of two new varieties, use of early generation seed from a rapid multiplication scheme, earlier harvesting of a seed crop, seed storage in a diffused light store, and research-based timing and dose rate of fertilisers and fungicides. Marginal rates of return on investments were calculated at farm level and current and tested alternative technologies were compared. Costs and benefits of applying such techniques were calculated. An improved variety contributed up to 20% yield increase and healthier seed 80%. Early harvesting reduced yield by 30% and reduced incidence of brown rot in the current season, but increased it (from 21 to 39%) in the following season when tubers were replanted. Diffused light storage, alternating contact and systemic fungicide application, and application of chemical fertilisers resulted in 30, 50 and 60% yield increases, respectively. It was shown that it is possible to double yields and economic returns (marginal rates of return) under the growing conditions in Burundi when growers plant healthy pre-sprouted seed of a new variety and apply chemical fertilisers and fungicides.  相似文献