Mass transport studies of model migrants within dry foodstuffs     

A. Sanches Silva  J. M. Cruz Freire  R. Franz  P. Paseiro Losada   《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,48(3):662-669

Cereals are widely consumed foodstuffs and it is therefore important to take them into account when estimating consumer exposure to packaging-related chemicals. The mass transport of three model migrants (diphenylbutadiene, triclosan and BHT) from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) within dry foodstuffs of different particle size (rice and wheat flour) was studied because of the relationship between consumer exposure and possible harmful effects on human health. The conditions that most affect the mass transport of substances within dry foods are evaluated and discussed. The diffusion coefficients (D_F) for diphenylbutadiene (DPBD) and triclosan in the studied foodstuffs were estimated. The D_F values for DPBD and triclosan in wheat flour at 25 °C were 7.1 × 10⁻⁸ cm²/s and 3.3 × 10⁻⁸ cm²/s, respectively. The D_F values for DPBD and triclosan in rice at 25 °C were 4.7 × 10⁻⁸ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁸ cm²/s, respectively. BHT displayed different behaviour and other tests were therefore carried out to elucidate the associated mass transport process.  相似文献   

Muco-cutaneous candidiasis in two pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zlotowski P  Rozza DB  Pescador CA  Barcellos DE  Ferreiro L  Sanches EM  Driemeier D 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(3):566-569

In two distinct commercial swine herds, poor weight gain and an increased number of animals showing wasting were observed among nursery and growing pigs. Cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and infection with Haemophilus parasuis had been previously diagnosed in these herds. One growing wasted pig from each herd was necropsied and showed enlarged lymph nodes. Pseudomembranous material adhered to the dorsum of the tongue, soft and hard palate in case 1, and in case 2, fibrinous material was seen as whitish plaques on the oesophageal surface with hyperkeratosis of the non-glandular stomach. The main histological lesions in both cases were found in lymphoid tissues with a multifocal accentuated lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, areas of lymphoid depletion and intracytoplasmic inclusions in histiocytic cells in lymph nodes and Payer's patches. Focally, extensive ulceration was found in the stratified pavement epithelium of the tongue with necrosis and necrosuppurative infiltrate in case 1; in case 2, there was ulceration in the stomach with lymphohistiocytic infiltrate in the submucosa and ulceration in the mucosa of the oesophagus associated with yeast cells and pseudo-hyphae. Candida albicans was isolated from the oral cavity lesions. Immunohistochemistry of the lymph nodes was positive for porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). The association between PMWS and mucocutaneous candidiasis reported here supports the potential immunosuppressive state of PMWS infected pigs.  相似文献   

Selection of new sweet potato genotypes based on production parameters,physical root characteristics and resistance to Euscepes postfasciatus     

Leal  Murilo Henrique Souza  Zeist  André Ricardo  Rodrigues Júnior  Nilson  Silva Júnior  André Dutra  Arantes  José Henrique Verhalem  Garcia Neto  Jair  de Pieri  Julia Roberta Sanches  Perrud  Amanda Carvalho 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(3):349-360

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a root that allows healthy eating and combats malnutrition. There is a need for more productive sweet potato...  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations in fish larvae assemblages of Ilha Grande National Park,Brazil     

Tatiane M. Gogola  Paulo V. Sanches  Éder A. Gubiani  Pedro R. L. da Silva 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(1):95-105

For understanding the reproductive dynamics of fish assemblages and their relationship with environmental conditions, we need to know more about spawning areas and periods. Studies on temporal and spatial patterns of occurrence of fish eggs and larvae are important for obtaining this kind of information quickly and accurately. In this study, we analysed spatial and temporal patterns of fish larvae in different biotopes in a stretch of the floodplain of Upper Parana River, in Ilha Grande National Park, southern Brazil. We carried out night sampling during six spawning periods, from 2001 to 2008. We selected 18 sampling sites distributed in the mainstream, tributaries and lagoons, encompassing several types of biotopes. We observed significant spatial and temporal differences among biotopes in the composition and structure of the fish larvae assemblages. Lentic environments favoured the development of sedentary and migratory species, whereas tributaries were used as migratory routes and spawning areas. The assemblage in period I differed from the assemblages of other periods, probably because of the presence of dams in the Parana River. No association was observed between environmental variables and spatial and temporal patterns of the ichthyoplankton assemblages. Hence, conservation measures are essential to maintain the environmental integrity of spawning (tributaries) and development areas (lagoons) for the maintenance of biodiversity in the floodplain of Upper Paraná River.  相似文献   

Influence of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835) broodstock age on gamete quality,reproductive performance and plasma sex steroid levels during the spawning season          下载免费PDF全文

Tomás Chalde  Ángela Gárriz  Eduardo A Sanches  Leandro A Miranda 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(3):969-982

This study evaluated the effect of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835) broodstock age on gamete and spawning quality and its relationship with sex steroid plasma levels. Sperm was analysed using a computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) developed for pejerrey. Semen samples were taken from all fish from mid age groups (5‐ and 7‐year fish), but it was not possible to obtain stripped semen samples from all fish of younger (3‐year) or older (10‐year) groups. The highest relative sperm weight and sperm concentration were recorded in 5‐ and 7‐year groups respectively, while viability was not different between age groups. It was not possible to identify an effect of age on sperm quality by CASA. Non‐viable spawned eggs were obtained in the 3‐year group and, the relative fecundity and the relative number of fertilized eggs decreased with age in other groups. Fertilization and hatching rates showed the highest values in the 10‐year group. However, the estimated number of hatched larvae was similar in 5‐, 7‐ and 10‐year fish. A clear effect of age on 11 ketotestosterone (11‐KT) and estradiol (E₂) levels was identified, with the highest values in the 5‐ and 7‐year groups. These results might be related to the onset of puberty in the 3‐year group and ageing in the 10‐year group. Considering that the estimated number of larvae obtained was similar among age groups, the results of this study suggest that broodstock maintenance cost could be reduced by using mid‐age fish rather than older fish in pejerrey hatcheries.  相似文献   

Assessment of resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ceratocystis cacaofunesta</Emphasis> in cacao genotypes     

C. L. G. Sanches  L. R. M. Pinto  A. W. V. Pomella  S. D. V. M. Silva  L. L. Loguercio 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(4):517-528

Ceratocystis wilt of cacao (caused by Ceratocystis cacaofunesta) is a dangerous disease and results in the death of the plant. This fungus was recently identified in the major cacao-producing regions of Brazil, and was observed to be more aggressive than isolates from other geographical locations. The objective of this study was to develop and test a consistent method to assess cacao genotype response to C. cacaofunesta, based on young plants (seedlings or cuttings). The fungus was inoculated by the deposition of propagule suspensions on cut stems. The parameters to assess disease progress were (a) disease incidence, (b) differences in mortality between the most contrasting cacao genotypes for resistance and susceptibility, (c) disease index, (d) consistency of response over time and (e) relative lesion heights. When seedlings were used for the analyses, the ICS-1 and TSH-1188 genotypes proved to be useful as genetic standards for susceptibility and resistance to C. cacaofunesta, respectively. Inoculum concentrations between 10⁴ and 10⁵ propagules ml⁻¹ and the moment at which the disease incidence stabilized provided appropriate conditions for genotypic comparison. When ten cacao genotypes propagated by cuttings (clones) were assessed, the results confirmed TSH-1188 as the reference genotype for resistance to C. cacaofunesta, while the remaining clones could be grouped as resistant (CEPEC-2008), moderately resistant (CEPEC-2002, CEPEC-2007) and susceptible (CEPEC-2009, CCN-10, CCN-51, HW-25, PH-16, SJ-02). The analytical concepts and results were discussed in terms of their application in breeding programmes aimed at developing genetic resistance to Ceratocystis wilt of cacao.  相似文献   

Pregnancy Rates to Fixed Embryo Transfer of Vitrified IVP Bos indicus,Bos taurus or Bos indicus × Bos taurus Embryos          下载免费PDF全文

LSR Marinho  BV Sanches  CO Rosa  JH Tannura  AG Rigo  AC Basso  JHF Pontes  MM Seneda 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(5):807-811

The pregnancy rates obtained after the transfer of cryopreserved in vitro‐produced (IVP) embryos are usually low and/or inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy rates of Holstein, Gyr and Holstein × Gyr cattle after the transfer of vitrified IVP embryos produced with X‐sorted sperm. Seventy‐two Gyr and 703 Holstein females were subjected to ovum pickup (OPU) sessions, followed by in vitro embryo production using semen from sires of the same breeds. Embryos (1636 Holstein, 241 Gyr and 1515 Holstein × Gyr) were exposed to forskolin for 48 h prior to vitrification. The pregnancy rate achieved with Gyr dam and sire was 46.1%, which was similar (p = 0.11) to that of Holstein dam and Gyr sire (40.3%). Crossing Gyr dams with Holstein sires resulted in a pregnancy rate of 38.9% and did not differ (p = 0.58) from the pregnancy rate obtained with the cross between Holstein dams and Gyr sires. The rate obtained with Holstein dam and sire was 32.5%. The average pregnancy rate was 36.6%, and no difference was found in the proportion of female foetuses (88.8%, in average) among breeds (p > 0.05). In conclusion, transfer of cryopreserved X‐sorted embryos represents an interesting choice for dairy cattle. Despite the small differences between pregnancy rates, we highlight the efficiency of this strategy for all of the racial groups studied.  相似文献   

The effects of the dark house system on growth,performance and meat quality of broiler chicken          下载免费PDF全文

Rafael Humberto Carvalho  Adriana Lourenço Soares  Moisés Grespan  Rafael Sanches Spurio  Fábio Augusto Garcia Coró  Alexandre Oba  Massami Shimokomaki 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(2):189-193

Meat production with minimum animal suffering is a humanitarian concern. Thus, the objective of this work was to observe the performance of Cobb broiler chickens from 7 to 46 days of age when raised under different installations: dark house system (DHS), conventional yellow system (CYC) and conventional blue system (CBC). The feed conversion ratio for the birds raised on the DHS was 3.8% and 2.7% lower than those for the CYC and CBC systems, respectively. Compared with the CYC and CBC systems, average daily gain under the DHS was 11.4% and 9.3% higher, respectively, and body weight at 46 days was 11.4% and 9.3% higher, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The birds' welfare was assessed based on their stress by determining the amount of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat in the breast fillets. The CYC and CBC birds had 24.3% and 25.3% PSE meat, respectively, whereas the DHS birds had 37.0%. We concluded that the DHS has a greater potential to produce broiler chickens, with superior performance to conventional systems, despite the higher stress faced by the birds during the maneuvers just before slaughter.  相似文献   

First description of group A rotavirus from fecal samples of ostriches (Struthio camelus)     

Silva LC  Sanches AA  Gregori F  Brandão PE  Alfieri AA  Headley SA  Jerez JA 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):1066-1069

This study investigated the occurrence of rotavirus infections in ostriches (Struthio camelus) reared in Northern Paraná, Brazil. Fecal (n=66) and serum (n=182) samples from nine farms located in four different cities were analyzed by silver stained-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (ss-PAGE), RT-PCR assay, virus isolation, and counterimmunoelectroosmophoresis (CIE). Rotavirus group A seropositivity occurred in 5.49% (10/182) of serum samples of ostriches originated from two farms. Only 9.09% (6/66) of fecal samples from ostriches with diarrhea maintained in one farm were positive by ss-PAGE, RT-PCR, and virus isolation. The G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotypes of rotavirus wild strains isolated in cell culture were determined by multiplex-nested PCR. The genotyping identified two rotavirus strains: G6P[1] and G10P[1]. In three rotavirus strains it was only possible to identify the P type; one strain being P[1] and two strains that presented the combination of P[1]+P[7]. These findings might represent the first characterization of rotavirus in ostriches, and the finding of porcine and bovine-like rotavirus genotypes in ostriches might suggest virus reassortment and possible interspecies transmission.  相似文献   

Cupuassu (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Theobroma grandiflorum</Emphasis>) Peel as Potential Source of Dietary Fiber and Phytochemicals in Whole-Bread Preparations     

Salgado JM  Rodrigues BS  Donado-Pestana CM  dos Santos Dias CT  Morzelle MC 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(4):384-390

Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) is a fruit tree native to the Brazilian Amazon. Cupuassu beans are extensively used in the Brazilian food industry. Fat from cupuassu beans, which are a rich source of triacylglycerols and fatty acids, is used extensively in the production of candies and confectionery in the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil. The potential use of the agro-industrial by-products of cupuassu has only slightly been addressed by the scientific community. Often, such by-products are sources of bioactive compounds with functional properties. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize the use of cupuassu peel flour (CPF) and to examine the potential of CPF as a partial replacement in the preparation of breads through various means: chemical analyses, determination of protein digestibility, tannins, phytic acid and phenolic contents, pH, color, volume, and acceptance tests. The results show that CPF is a potential source of dietary fiber (79.81%), mainly insoluble fiber (78.29%), and breads made with added CPF present high dietary fiber content (5.40 and 6.15 g/100 g for inclusions with 6 and 9% CPF, respectively) and phytochemical values. The use of this by-product did not produce substantial changes in the physical, chemical or rheological characteristics of breads. Therefore, breads enhanced with CPF may be a convenient functional food, offering a good source of dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Breads prepared with 6% added CPF presented an acceptable overall quality to consumers.  相似文献