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Steinbach S Binkert B Schweighauser A Reynolds B Séguéla J Lefebvre H Francey T 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1283-1289
Background: Kinetic assessment of urea, the main end product of protein metabolism, could serve to assess protein catabolism in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Protein malnutrition and catabolism are poorly documented in CKD and they often are neglected clinically because of a lack of appropriate evaluation tools. Hypothesis: Generation and excretion of urea are altered in dogs with CKD. Animals: Nine dogs with spontaneous CKD (IRIS stages 2–4) and 5 healthy research dogs. Methods: Endogenous renal clearance (Clrenal) of urea and creatinine was measured first. Exogenous plasma clearance (Clplasma, total body clearance) of the 2 markers then was determined by an IV infusion of urea (250–1,000 mg/kg over 20 minutes) and an IV bolus of creatinine (40 mg/kg). Extrarenal clearance (Clextra) was defined as the difference between Clplasma and Clrenal. Endogenous urea generation was computed assuming steady‐state conditions. Results: Median Clrenal and Clextra of urea were 2.17 and 0.21 mL/min/kg in healthy dogs and 0.37 and 0.28 mL/min/kg in CKD dogs. The proportion of urea cleared by extrarenal route was markedly higher in dogs with glomerular filtration rate <1 mL/kg/min than in normal dogs, reaching up to 85% of the total clearance. A comparable pattern was observed for creatinine excretion, except in 1 dog, Clextra remained <20% of Clplasma. Conclusion: Extrarenal pathways of urea excretion are predominant in dogs with advanced CKD and justify exploring adjunctive therapies based on enteric nitrogen excretion in dogs. A trend toward increased urea generation may indicate increased catabolism in advanced CKD. 相似文献
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Laura H Orfão Alexandre N Maria Ariane F Nascimento Ziara A Isaú Ana T M Viveiros 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(10):e679-e687
The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of simple and complex extenders in prolonging the cold storage of sperm (Experiments 1 and 2) and to test the diluted‐cooled sperm in the best extender with regard to sperm quality parameters (Experiment 3) in the streaked prochilod, Prochilodus lineatus. In all the experiments, aliquots of 0.3 mL of sperm were diluted 1:10 in extenders and stored at 4–6 °C. Sperm diluted in simple extenders (NaCl and glucose solutions) yielded 0–26% sperm motility, whereas sperm diluted in complex extenders (BTS?, M III? and Androstar?) yielded 62–81% sperm motility on day 4 after cold storage. When Androstar? was further investigated, the following was observed on day 4: 53% motility with 94 s of duration; 47% live spermatozoa; 26–61% fertility rate; and 22–60% hatching rate. The use of Androstar? improves the sperm fertility of the streaked prochilod during a 4‐day storage period and can therefore be used to facilitate artificial reproduction. 相似文献
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Tessa D. Toumbourou Wolfram H. Dressler Anna Sanders Ekawati Liu Trent Brown Ariane Utomo 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2023,64(2):188-208
In Indonesia, state and non-state actors frame youth attrition from agriculture as a food security concern and propose policy solutions focused on ‘modern’ farming techniques. Using a critical framing analysis of five national Indonesian news media sources from 2010 to 2020, we examine how government, development and private sector actors portray youth in agriculture, and the underlying assumptions that inform related policy and development agendas. Our analysis reveals contrasting portrayals of youth in agriculture. Youth are often depicted as averse to farming, while also being innovative adopters of modern farming techniques, equipment, and digital technologies. We argue that media frames reflect and reinforce the dominant discourses of state and non-state actors, which have a productivist orientation, proposing technical, capital-intensive agricultural solutions to food insecurity and related issues. News media pays comparatively less attention to structural barriers to youth entry and success in agriculture, such as limited access to land and finance and unfavourable terms of trade. 相似文献
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Adeline Betting Ariane Schweighauser Thierry Francey 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):619
BackgroundReticulocyte indices have been suggested as alternatives to transferrin saturation (TSAT) for iron status assessment in humans and dogs but they have not been evaluated thoroughly in cats.ObjectivesTo assess the value of the reticulocyte indices for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic hematuria associated with subcutaneous ureteral bypasses (SUBs).AnimalsSixty‐four cats: 16 healthy, 14 CKD without SUB, and 34 CKD with SUB.MethodsProspective observational cross‐sectional study of cats presented for routine nephrology visits. Primary outcomes included assessment of the diagnostic values of erythrocyte indices (mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin, and hemoglobin concentration: MCV, MCH, and MCHC) and reticulocyte indices (mean corpuscular volume, MCVr; corpuscular hemoglobin, CHr), using TSAT as reference.ResultsIron deficiency was diagnosed in 9/64 cats (14%). A receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis yielded a moderate discriminatory value for CHr in this diagnosis: area under the curve [AUC] = .75 (95% confidence interval, 0.48‐0.89); P = .006; sensitivity 67%, specificity 82% for a cutoff of 15.9 pg. This compared favorably to MCVr (AUC = .63; P = .29), MCV (AUC = .58; P = .45), MCH (AUC = .64; P = .19), and MCHC (AUC = .7; P = .03).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceCHr added moderate value to the diagnosis of iron deficiency in cats with CKD. 相似文献
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Whereas selenium (Se) is an important antioxidant in human metabolism to prevent cancer, aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic. Brazil nuts from Eastern and Western Amazon regions were evaluated to find any relationship between Se and aflatoxins levels. A total of 80 (in-shell and shelled) nuts samples were collected directly from different forest sites and analyzed for Se by atomic emission spectrometry and aflatoxins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Se was 2.0 mg/kg, and LOQ for total aflatoxins was 0.390 microg/kg. Nut Se levels from the Eastern region were higher than the Western, in addition to the aflatoxins. The moisture content (mc) and water activity (aw) of the raw nuts from the two regions did not present a significant difference, for either in-shell or shelled. The mc was 24.5% (minimum of 20.1% and maximum of 30.4%) and 22.1% (minimum of 14.6% and maximum of 28.9%) and a w of 0.85 for both regions. Further studies need to be carried out to discover the role of Se on fungi growth stress and aflatoxin production mechanisms. 相似文献
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émilie L. Couture Isabelle Langlois Ariane Santamaria-Bouvier Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(12):1275-1278
A cutaneous mass was surgically excised in a 4-year-old African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). A squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed based on histopathological examination and local recurrence following excision is strongly suspected. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first well-documented report of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in this species. 相似文献