Enhancing multi-functionality of agriculture through rainwater harvesting system     

Rogelio N. Concepcion  Samuel M. Contreras  Wilfredo B. Sanidad  Arnulfo B. Gesite  Gina P. Nilo  Karen A. Salandanan  Katherine M. Manalang  Sharon V. de Vera 《Paddy and Water Environment》2006,4(4):235-243

The multi-functionality of agriculture was studied from June to December 2005 in an upland community in Central Luzon, Philippines, by looking across the entire basin of two small water impounding systems or SWIP (Maasin and Buted II). Several sub-studies were undertaken, namely (a) the role of dominant vegetative cover on the rate of surface runoff and erosion; (b) rainfall–runoff analysis in a sub-watershed (i.e., through runoff experimental plot) and within the main watershed (i.e., reservoir inflow analysis); and (c) the environmental functions of agriculture across the entire watershed. The results indicated that about 85% (i.e., throughfall) of rainfall could reach the ground as vegetations intercept the rest. The runoff experimental plot covering a sub-watershed revealed a good correlation between throughfall and runoff. On the other hand, monitoring of reservoir inflows through which surface runoff was measured indicated similar behavior. Integrating the result of runoff experimental plot studies and reservoir inflow analysis resulted to a rainfall–runoff relation which can be applied in the development of rainwater harvesting scheme. The result also showed the dominance of surface runoff as the main component of reservoir inflow, confirming the soil and water conservation, and flood prevention functions of the system. Flood analysis conducted in both SWIP confirmed their flood prevention function by reducing flood peak discharge. The difference between with and without the reservoir was also highlighted in the process. In the paddy field, a 5-cm water depth was consistently maintained, contributing in retaining about 0.543 and 0.272 MCM of rainwater in Maasin and Buted II, respectively. The value of fostering groundwater recharge throughout the entire system was almost equivalent to the value of flood prevention function. Moreover, SWIP also trapped sediments, thereby preventing offsite impact downstream and in surrounding areas.This paper is part of the progress report of the project “Multi-functionality of Agriculture in Selected Sites in the Philippines” presented in the 6th Meeting of the Working Group for the ASEAN-Japan Project on Multi-functionality of Agriculture in ASEAN Countries.  相似文献   

Do thinnings influence biomass and soil carbon stocks in Mediterranean maritime pinewoods?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Ruiz-Peinado  A. Bravo-Oviedo  E. López-Senespleda  G. Montero  M. Río 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(2):253-262

The effects of silvicultural treatments on carbon sequestration are poorly understood, particularly in areas like the Mediterranean where soil fertility is low and climatic conditions can be harsh. In order to improve our understanding of these effects, a long-term thinning experiment in a stand of Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) was studied to identify the effects of thinning on soil carbon (forest floor and mineral soil), above and belowground biomass and fine and coarse woody debris. The study site was a 59-year-old pinewood, where three thinnings of differing intensities were applied: unthinned (control), moderate thinning and heavy thinning. The three thinning interventions (for the managed plots) involved whole-tree harvesting. The results revealed no differences between the different thinning treatments as regards the total soil carbon pool (forest floor + mineral soil). However, differences were detected in the case of living aboveground biomass and total dead wood debris between unthinned and thinned plots; the former containing larger amounts of carbon. The total carbon present in the unthinned plots was 317 Mg ha^?1; in the moderately thinned plots, it was 256 Mg ha^?1 and in the case of heavily thinned plots, 234 Mg ha^?1. Quantification of these carbon compartments can be used as an indicator of total carbon stocks under different forest management regimes and thus identify the most appropriate to mitigate the effects of global change. Our results indicated that thinning do not alter the total soil carbon content at medium term, suggesting the sustainability of these silvicultural treatments.  相似文献   

Changes in limiting resources determine spatio-temporal variability in tree–grass interactions     

G. Gea-Izquierdo  G. Montero  I. Cañellas 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,76(2):375-387

Changing biotic and abiotic stress mediate in plant–plant interactions resulting in positive to neutral or negative effects, and these effects can change with gradients of stress or through plant dynamics. Here we studied the variability in annual grass production and composition induced by gradients of intercepted light by trees in years of contrasting precipitation in Mediterranean holm oak open woodlands. Although trees reduce the light radiance received by the pasture community, the presence of trees generally had a positive effect on pasture production in average climatic years where soil fertility was low. However, the interaction changed with increasing abiotic water stress. In a dry year, the increase in fertility could not be utilized and the effect of the crown was neutral. The effect of shade turned out to be beneficial for growth, contrary to the situation in an average climatic year. Light insolation was positive for legume biomass. There was high variability in functional components over the course of the growing period and from 1 year to another. Under low levels of other biotic stresses such as livestock grazing or root competition, the limiting factor among light, soil moisture or soil nutrients may determine whether facilitation or competition occurs.  相似文献   

Most Colletotrichum species associated with tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) and mango (Mangifera indica) crops are not host‐specific          下载免费PDF全文

S. Rojas  C. J. Pardo‐De la Hoz  M. F. Mideros  G. Danies  L. Lopez‐Kleine  P. Jiménez  S. Restrepo 《Plant pathology》2018,67(5):1022-1030

An important constraint for crop production in Colombia is the high incidence of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species. Although several studies have focused on these fungi, the relationship between the different fungal species within the genus and their hosts and whether they display any host preference or host specificity has yet to be examined. In Colombia, diseases caused by Colletotrichum species are particularly severe in mango (Mangifera indica) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) crops. In a previous investigation, the Colletotrichum phylogenetic species attacking these crops were identified. The present study aimed to determine whether isolates collected from tree tomato and mango showed host preference or host specificity by assessing aggressiveness, spore density, latent period, and fitness of each strain on the two hosts. In the departments of Cundinamarca and Tolima, Colombia, isolates were collected from plants that presented typical anthracnose symptoms and were identified as C. acutatum, C. asianum, C. boninense, C. gloeosporioides, C. tamarilloi and C. theobromicola. Inoculation of conidia of each isolate onto both hosts showed isolates had no host preference and only the C. gloeosporioides isolate showed host specificity. However, in general, isolates produced a higher spore density when inoculated on the alternate host, which may indicate a difference in the degree of adaptation to each host. Statistical analyses of the assessed parameter values revealed that isolates use different infection strategies when infecting each host. In light of these results, the implications of using quantitative estimations of fitness when studying fungal pathogens are discussed.  相似文献   

Dynamics of ecosystem services in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus sylvestris</Emphasis> stands under different managements and site quality classes     

Rafael Alonso Ponce  Sonia Roig  Alfredo Bravo  Miren del Río  Gregorio Montero  Marta Pardos 《European Journal of Forest Research》2017,136(5-6):983-996

Timber and biodiversity are considered two antagonistic ecosystem services (ES), largely influenced by silviculture and site ecological conditions. In order to address the trade-offs between these two ES over time, we performed a retrospective study at compartment level in the Pinus sylvestris forests of the Spanish Central Mountain System. Archival data from Management Plans for eight forests with contrasting silvicultural systems (uniform shelterwood system, group shelterwood system, irregular shelterwood system,) and three different site quality classes were analysed. Timber production was assessed through stand volume, harvested timber volume and a stand volume index. Biodiversity was examined through structural diversity (Gini index, Shannon tree size diversity index, Simpson’s reciprocal index and evenness index, all applied to diameter classes) and the abundance of large living trees. For all silvicultural systems investigated, stand volume and harvested timber volume have grown since the beginning of the management plans (beginning of the twentieth century in some forests). The largest yields of timber corresponded to the best quality sites with more intensive silvicultural treatments (uniform and group shelterwood systems). The uniform shelterwood system showed lower figures for structural diversity, though not always significant. The best site qualities maintained notable structural diversity values, even under the most intensive management system. The application of the different management systems over decades has revealed a synergy between timber production and structural diversity, particularly in those systems maintaining more than one age class, although results are conditioned by forest harvesting history. The interaction between historical silvicultural treatment and site quality has been identified as an important source of information to understand forest dynamics and functioning of ES provision.  相似文献   

Ripening of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. [Guamúchil] Fruit: Physicochemical,Chemical and Antioxidant Changes     

Abraham Wall-Medrano  Gustavo A. González-Aguilar  Guadalupe F. Loarca-Piña  José A. López-Díaz  Mónica A. Villegas-Ochoa  Orlando Tortoledo-Ortiz  Francisco J. Olivas-Aguirre  Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez  Ramón Robles-Zepeda 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2016,71(4):396-401

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Linseed oil inclusion in sea bream diets: effect on muscle quality and shelf life          下载免费PDF全文

Pedro L Castro  María J Caballero  Rafael Ginés  Juan C Penedo  Daniel Montero  María T Lastilla  Marisol Izquierdo 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(1):75-85

Dietary lipid source in aquaculture has become a central topic in research whilst natural resources availability diminishes. Hence, to weigh up and forecast consumers impressions, the impact of partial (70%) and complete (100%) dietary replacement of fish oil (FO) by linseed oil (LO) on sensory and quality attributes was studied during the edible shelf life of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Physico‐chemical parameters (pH, torrymeter, total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and texture), and sensory analysis, both in cooked and raw fish were carried out during 17 days of ice storage. Throughout ice storage, feeding with LO diets, TBARS values remained lower on muscle than those found when feeding FO control diet. On freshly caught fish (day 0 of ice storage), statistically significant dietary texture variations were recorded on cooked fillet fed FO diet. No sensory differences on Quality Index Method, sensory profile or Torry scheme were found with partial or total LO replacement diets.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Panosteitis.     

M A McCrackin  A D Pardo  W H Adams 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,201(2):337-338

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The possible influence of sea level rise on the precarious dunes of Devesa del Saler Beach,Valencia, Spain     

E. Sanjaume  J. Pardo 《Landscape Ecology》1991,6(1-2):57-64

The Saler Beach dune field in Spain was partially destroyed between 1970 and 1973 due to building development. Presently great efforts to restore some dunes has begun. The possible consequence of a sea level rise for the Saler dune field is discussed according to different scenarios.  相似文献   

Pulmonary neoplasia in two llamas (Lama glama)     

Ramos-Vara JA  Loiacono CM  Williams F  Pardo I  Lakritz J 《Veterinary pathology》2004,41(5):520-523

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