Thoracic duct ligation and pericardectomy for treatment of idiopathic chylothorax     

Fossum TW  Mertens MM  Miller MW  Peacock JT  Saunders A  Gordon S  Pahl G  Makarski LA  Bahr A  Hobson PH 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(3):307-310

Chylothorax is a devastating disease, and the success rates from either medical or surgical management are less than satisfactory. In some animals with chylothorax, a thickening of the pericardium occurs that is associated with chronic irritation induced by chyle. We hypothesized that pericardial thickening would lead to increased right-sided venous pressures and that abnormal venous pressures would act to impede the drainage of chyle via lymphaticovenous communications after thoracic duct (TD) ligation. We also hypothesized that serosanguineous effusions that occurred after TD ligation could effectively be treated or prevented by pericardectomy in affected animals. TD ligation plus pericardectomy was performed in 17 animals, and pericardectomy alone was performed in an additional 3 animals that presented during a 5.5-year period to the Texas A&M University (College Station, TX). Nineteen animals presented for an evaluation of idiopathic chylothorax (9 dogs and 10 cats), and 1 dog presented for serosanguineous pleural fluid after TD ligation that had been performed elsewhere. Echocardiography was normal in all animals, except for a subjectively thickened pericardium in 7 cats and 6 dogs. Clinical signs of pleural fluid accumulation resolved in 10 of 10 dogs and in 8 of 10 cats after surgery. The overall success rate for the surgical treatment of chylothorax (ie, the resolution of pleural fluid accumulation) in this study was 90% (100% in dogs and 80% in cats). These data suggest that TD ligation in conjunction with pericardectomy has a favorable outcome in animals with idiopathic chylothorax.  相似文献   

Clinical efficacy of low‐level laser therapy on localized canine atopic dermatitis severity score and localized pruritic visual analog score in pedal pruritus due to canine atopic dermatitis     

Ashley N. Stich  Wayne S. Rosenkrantz  Craig E. Griffin 《Veterinary dermatology》2014,25(5):464-e74

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Developing Tools to Encourage Private Forest Landowners to Participate in Early Successional Forest Habitat Management     

Ashley A. Dayer  Shorna Broussard Allred  Richard C. Stedman 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2014,19(4):355-370

Wildlife organizations often engage landowners in habitat management. Landowner typology research can provide suggestions for how to work with diverse types of landowners. We explored how typologies can inform selection of tools to engage landowners in early successional habitat (ESH) management. Using a survey, effectiveness of three kinds of tools were assessed: (a) basic needs, (b) learning, and (c) social. Across all types and typologies, learning tools were most likely to influence landowner behavior, whereas social tools (e.g., recognition) were least likely. Continuing adopters were the only type of landowners that reported basic needs tools would influence them at the same level as learning tools. In each typology, landowner types with higher behavioral intention were more likely to be influenced by all of the tools. Thus, tools may reinforce behaviors, rather than engage the unengaged. We suggest learning tools be initially prioritized to encourage ESH management.  相似文献   

A common fold mediates vertebrate defense and bacterial attack     

Rosado CJ  Buckle AM  Law RH  Butcher RE  Kan WT  Bird CH  Ung K  Browne KA  Baran K  Bashtannyk-Puhalovich TA  Faux NG  Wong W  Porter CJ  Pike RN  Ellisdon AM  Pearce MC  Bottomley SP  Emsley J  Smith AI  Rossjohn J  Hartland EL  Voskoboinik I  Trapani JA  Bird PI  Dunstone MA  Whisstock JC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5844):1548-1551

Proteins containing membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domains play important roles in vertebrate immunity, embryonic development, and neural-cell migration. In vertebrates, the ninth component of complement and perforin form oligomeric pores that lyse bacteria and kill virus-infected cells, respectively. However, the mechanism of MACPF function is unknown. We determined the crystal structure of a bacterial MACPF protein, Plu-MACPF from Photorhabdus luminescens, to 2.0 angstrom resolution. The MACPF domain reveals structural similarity with poreforming cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) from Gram-positive bacteria. This suggests that lytic MACPF proteins may use a CDC-like mechanism to form pores and disrupt cell membranes. Sequence similarity between bacterial and vertebrate MACPF domains suggests that the fold of the CDCs, a family of proteins important for bacterial pathogenesis, is probably used by vertebrates for defense against infection.  相似文献   

The spatial periodicity of grid cells is not sustained during reduced theta oscillations     

Koenig J  Linder AN  Leutgeb JK  Leutgeb S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6029):592-595

Grid cells in parahippocampal cortices fire at vertices of a periodic triangular grid that spans the entire recording environment. Such precise neural computations in space have been proposed to emerge from equally precise temporal oscillations within cells or within the local neural circuitry. We found that grid-like firing patterns in the entorhinal cortex vanished when theta oscillations were reduced after intraseptal lidocaine infusions in rats. Other spatially modulated cells in the same cortical region and place cells in the hippocampus retained their spatial firing patterns to a larger extent during these periods without well-organized oscillatory neuronal activity. Precisely timed neural activity within single cells or local networks is thus required for periodic spatial firing but not for single place fields.  相似文献   

Detection of radial crossbridge force by lattice spacing changes in intact single muscle fibers   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

G Cecchi  M A Bagni  P J Griffiths  C C Ashley  Y Maeda 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4986):1409-1411

Time-resolved lattice spacing changes were measured (10-millisecond time resolution) by x-ray diffraction of synchrotron radiation in single intact muscle fibers of the frog Rana temporaria undergoing electrically stimulated tension development during application of stretches and releases. Ramp releases, which decreased fiber length at constant speed, caused a lattice expansion. After the ramp, increasing tension during recovery was accompanied by lattice compression. Ramp stretches caused a compression of the lattice. While the fiber was held at a constant length after the stretch, tension decreased and lattice spacing increased. These observations demonstrate the existence of a previously undetected radial component of the force generated by a cycling crossbridge. At sarcomere lengths of 2.05 to 2.2 micrometers, the radial force compresses the myofilament lattice. Hence, the myofilament lattice does not maintain a constant volume during changes in force.  相似文献   

Protective effects of dexmedetomidine on small intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in horses     

Ashley R. VanderBroek  Julie B. Engiles  Sabine B. R. Kästner  Veronika Kopp  Nicole Verhaar  Klaus Hopster 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(3):569-578

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Characteristics of complete tibial fractures in California racehorses     

Monika A. Samol  Francisco A. Uzal  Ashley E. Hill  Rick M. Arthur  Susan M. Stover 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(5):911-922

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Use of intravenous lidocaine to treat dexmedetomidine-induced bradycardia in sedated and anesthetized dogs     

Tainor Tisotti  Alexander Valverde  Ashley Hopkins  M. Lynne O’Sullivan  Brad Hanna  Luis Arroyo 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(2):174-186

ObjectiveTo assess cardiopulmonary function in sedated and anesthetized dogs administered intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine and subsequently administered IV lidocaine to treat dexmedetomidine-induced bradycardia.Study designProspective, randomized, crossover experimental trial.AnimalsA total of six purpose-bred female Beagle dogs, weighing 9.1 ± 0.6 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsDogs were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: dexmedetomidine (10 μg kg^–1 IV) administered to conscious (treatments SED1 and SED2) or isoflurane-anesthetized dogs (end-tidal isoflurane concentration 1.19 ± 0.04%; treatment ISO). After 30 minutes, a lidocaine bolus (2 mg kg^–1) IV was administered in treatments SED1 and ISO, followed 20 minutes later by a second bolus (2 mg kg^–1) and a 30 minute lidocaine constant rate infusion (L-CRI) at 50 (SED1) or 100 μg kg^–1 minute^–1 (ISO). In SED2, lidocaine bolus and L-CRI (50 μg kg^–1 minute^–1) were administered 5 minutes after dexmedetomidine. Cardiopulmonary measurements were obtained after dexmedetomidine, after lidocaine bolus, during L-CRI and 30 minutes after discontinuing L-CRI. A mixed linear model was used for comparisons within treatments (p < 0.05).ResultsWhen administered after a bolus of dexmedetomidine, lidocaine bolus and L-CRI significantly increased heart rate and cardiac index, decreased mean blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance index and oxygen extraction ratio, and did not affect stroke volume index in all treatments.Conclusion and clinical relevanceLidocaine was an effective treatment for dexmedetomidine-induced bradycardia in healthy research dogs.  相似文献   

Application of analytical standards in method development: selected chlorinated phenols and herbicides     

D M Fast  V V Reddy  D L Ashley  J S Holler 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1989,72(2):378-383

Pure analytical standards are key components in the successful development of accurate analytical methods. When such compounds are unavailable commercially, a laboratory synthesis activity can provide such materials for use in method development. An example of such an approach is the synthesis of ethyl ethers of chlorinated phenols and ethyl esters of several phenoxy herbicides. Individual synthesis steps and the characterization of such materials are described. The use of such analytical standards in method development is vital for defining method characteristics. In addition, such materials are helpful in diagnosing chromatographic and mass spectral problems in the course of this work. Key mass spectral information including parent and daughter scans obtained from these analytical standards by using tandem mass spectrometry provide the basis for a new analytical method with increased sensitivity and specificity.  相似文献