In vitro ruminal fermentation and in situ ruminal degradation of tamarind kernel powder extract residue in wethers          下载免费PDF全文

Lin Wang  Kazato Oishi  Yoshiaki Sato  Takashi Nakanishi  Hiroyuki Hirooka  Kei Takahashi  Hajime Kumagai 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(7):966-973

We examined the in vitro fermentation characteristics and in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of tamarind kernel powder extract residue (TKPER), a by‐product of polysaccharides thickener processing. Two types of TKPER (I and II), of which the CP and neutral detergent fiber organic matter basis contents (%) were 41.4 and 42.0 and 1.4 and 0.5, respectively, were compared with dry heat soybean (SB), soybean meal (SBM) and dry soybean curd residue (SBCR). The TKPERs had significantly lower in vitro gas production compared to the other products at each observation time (P < 0.05). The in vitro DM and CP digestibility (%) of TKPER I and II were 67.7 and 64.9, and 64.5 and 58.0, respectively, significantly lower than those of SB and SBM (P < 0.05). We used four wethers (55.6 ± 4.6 kg) with ruminal cannulas to investigate the in situ degradability of TKPER I, SB, SBM and SBCR. At the ruminal outflow rate of 0.05/h, the effective degradability (%) values of the DM and CP of TKPER I were 64.1 and 49.7, respectively, which were similar to those of SBM. In conclusion, TKPER had high CP and exhibited in situ degradability similar to that of SBM, suggesting that TKPER could be used as a protein source feed.  相似文献   

Health and mineral nutrition status of yaks in southern Mustang,Nepal          下载免费PDF全文

Hajime Kumagai  Mitsumi Nakajima  Hiroki Anzai  Takashi Sakai  Kazato Oishi  Hiroyuki Hirooka  Manoj Kumar Shah 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(8):1156-1161

Biochemical values and mineral concentrations in blood plasma were investigated to evaluate the statuses of health and mineral nutrition among yaks in Mustang District, Nepal. In total, 118 plasma samples of female yaks collected in April and September/October of 2013–2015 were offered. Seventy‐four percent of yaks showed lower plasma total‐cholesterol concentrations than the lowest limit of reference range (100 mg/dL) and the values in spring (83.41 mg/dL) were lower (P < 0.05) than those in autumn (95.05 mg/dL). All the yaks had lower plasma albumin concentrations than the lowest limit of reference range (3.0 g/dL) and 66% of yaks showed lower plasma inorganic phosphorus concentrations than the critical level of phosphorus deficiency (4.5 mg/dL). Thirty‐five percent of yaks showed lower plasma calcium concentrations than the lowest limit of normal range (8 mg/dL) and the concentrations were lower in spring than in autumn (P < 0.01). Seventy‐five percent of yaks presented lower copper concentrations than the critical level (0.65 mg/L) and the concentrations were lower in spring than in autumn (P < 0.01). Since the low plasma total‐cholesterol might have indicated shortage of dry matter and energy intake, attention should be paid to the nutritional statuses of energy, phosphorus, calcium and copper in winter and early spring.  相似文献   

Rapid immunocytochemistry for the detection of cytokeratin and vimentin: assessment of its diagnostic value in neoplastic diseases of dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Mariko Sawa  Mayuko Inoue  Akira Yabuki  Moeko Kohyama  Noriaki Miyoshi  Asuka Setoguchi  Osamu Yamato 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(1):172-178

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Yeast mixture of liquid beer and cassava pulp with rice straw for the growth of dairy heifers     

Sukanya Kamphayae  Hajime Kumagai  Patima Butcha  Viroj Ritruechai  Supachai Udchachon 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(3):491-496

This study was conducted to determine the effects of mixtures of liquid brewer’s yeast (LBY) and cassava pulp (CVP) with rice straw (RS) on feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and growth of dairy heifers. Sixteen Holstein crossbred heifers (13.8?±?1.6 months old, 210?±?23 kg body weight (BW)) were randomly allocated to four feeding treatments with four replications, which were 0:0:100 (RS), 0:70:30 (0%LBY), 20:50:30 (20%LBY), and 50:20:30 (50%LBY), respectively, for LBY/CVP/RS on a fresh matter basis. The heifers were offered conventional concentrate at 1.5% initial body weight daily and fed the treatment diets ad libitum. Average daily gain and feed intake were not significantly different among the treatments. The heifers fed 50%LBY had the highest crude protein (CP) intake and DM, OM, and CP digestibility (P?<?0.05). The ruminal pH did not differ significantly among treatments, while NH₃-N was the highest (P?<?0.05) in 50%LBY. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and the molar proportion of each VFA were not significantly different among the treatments. Blood urea nitrogen concentrations of 50%LBY were the highest among the treatments (P?<?0.05). The results indicated that 50%LBY improved CP digestibility.  相似文献   

Study on the Mechanism of the Blood-Glucose-Lowering Effect of Collagen Peptides from Sturgeon By-Products     

Yukiho Sasaoka  Taichi Takagi  Shunta Michiba  Yohei Yamamoto  Yuya Kumagai  Hideki Kishimura 《Marine drugs》2021,19(10)

In a previous study, we found that the collagen peptides prepared from the by-products of Bester sturgeon had an inhibitory effect on elevated blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test with ICR mice. In the present study, we examine the mechanism of the effect of sturgeon collagen peptides (SCPs) in detail. When glucose was orally administered to mice along with the SCPs, it was found that the glucose remained in the stomach for a longer time. In the above tests, the amount of glucose excreted in the feces of mice also increased. On the contrary, it was revealed that the SCPs have a dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory ability in an in vitro test. In subsequent oral and intravenous glucose administration tests, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin levels in the blood of mice were maintained at high levels. These results suggested the following three mechanisms: SCPs slow the rate of transportation of glucose from the stomach into the small intestine, resulting in delayed glucose absorption; SCPs suppress the absorption of glucose in the small intestine and excrete it from the body; SCPs inhibit DPP-IV in the blood and maintain a high GLP-1 level in blood, which in turn stimulates insulin secretion.  相似文献   

Evaluation from otolith Sr stable isotope ratios of possible juvenile growth areas of Japanese eels collected from the West Mariana Ridge spawning area     

Otake  Tsuguo  Amano  Yosuke  Shirai  Kotaro  Mochioka  Noritaka  Takahashi  Toshiro  Chow  Seinen  Kurogi  Hiroaki  Dou  Shouzeng  Yamaguchi  Asuka  Tsukamoto  Katsumi 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(3):483-493

Fisheries Science - The widely distributed East Asian Japanese eel Anguilla japonica constitutes a single genetically homogeneous population with a single spawning area near the West Mariana Ridge....  相似文献   

Mitigating sea turtle by-catch in coastal passive net fisheries     

Eric Gilman  Jeff Gearhart  Blake Price  Scott Eckert  Henry Milliken  John Wang  Yonat Swimmer  Daisuke Shiode  Osamu Abe  S. Hoyt Peckham  Milani Chaloupka  Martin Hall  Jeff Mangel  Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto  Paul Dalzell  & Asuka Ishizaki 《Fish and Fisheries》2010,11(1):57-88

There is growing evidence that small-scale, coastal, passive net fisheries may be the largest single threat to some sea turtle populations. We review assessments of turtle interactions in these fisheries, and experiments on gear-technology approaches (modifying gear designs, materials and fishing methods) to mitigate turtle by-catch, available from a small number of studies and fisheries. Additional assessments are needed to improve the limited understanding of the relative degree of risk coastal net fisheries pose to turtle populations, to prioritize limited conservation resources and identify suitable mitigation opportunities. Whether gear technology provides effective and commercially viable solutions, alone or in combination with other approaches, is not well-understood. Fishery-specific assessments and trials are needed, as differences between fisheries, including in gear designs; turtle and target species, sizes and abundance; socioeconomic context; and practicality affect efficacy and suitability of by-catch mitigation methods. Promising gear-technology approaches for gillnets and trammel nets include: increasing gear visibility to turtles but not target species, through illumination and line materials; reducing net vertical height; increasing tiedown length or eliminating tiedowns; incorporating shark-shaped silhouettes; and modifying float characteristics, the number of floats or eliminating floats. Promising gear-technology approaches for pound nets and other trap gear include: replacing mesh with ropes in the upper portion of leaders; incorporating a turtle releasing device into traps; modifying the shape of the trap roof to direct turtles towards the location of an escapement device; using an open trap; and incorporating a device to prevent sea turtle entrance into traps.  相似文献   

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and photosynthesis of Chinese yam under different temperature regimes     

Nguyen Cong Thinh  Hiroyuki Shimono  Etsushi Kumagai 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(2):227-236

Chinese yam (‘yam’) was grown at different carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO₂]), namely, ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 μmol mol^?1), under low- and high-temperature regimes in summer and autumn, separately. For comparison, rice was also grown under these conditions. Mean air temperatures in the low- and high-temperatures were respectively 24.1 and 29.1 °C in summer experiment and 20.2 and 24.9 °C in autumn experiment. In summer experiment, yam vine length, leaf area, leaf dry weight (DW), and total DW were significantly higher under elevated [CO₂] than ambient [CO₂] in both temperature regimes. Additionally, number of leaves, vine DW, and root DW were significantly higher under elevated [CO₂] than under ambient [CO₂] in the low-temperature regime. In autumn experiment, tuber DW was significantly higher under elevated [CO₂] than under ambient [CO₂] in the high-temperature regime. These results demonstrate that yam shows positive growth responses to elevated [CO₂]. Analysis of variance revealed that significant effect of [CO₂] × air temperature interaction on yam total DW was not detected. Elevated-to-ambient [CO₂] ratios of all growth parameters in summer experiment were higher in yam than in rice. The results suggest that the contribution of elevated [CO₂] is higher in yam than in rice under summer. Yam net photosynthetic rate was significantly higher under elevated [CO₂] than under ambient [CO₂] in both temperature regimes in summer. Elevated [CO₂] significantly affected on the rate in yam but not in rice in both experiments. These findings indicate that photosynthesis responds more readily to elevated [CO₂] in yam than in rice.  相似文献