Effects of bovine lactoferrin by the intramammary infusion in cows with staphylococcal mastitis during the early non-lactating period     

Kai K  Komine Y  Komine K  Asai K  Kuroishi T  Kozutsumi T  Itagaki M  Ohta M  Kumagai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(10):873-878

To evaluate the clinical effects of bovine lactoferrin on staphylococcal mastitis in Holstein cows during the early non-lactating period, 41 mammary quarters were selected randomly from 36 cows on 3 dairy farms. Twelve quarters were infused intramammarily with bovine lactoferrin. Twenty-nine quarters were infused with antibiotic as a control. In the bovine lactoferrin-infused group, 91.7% of mastitic quarters were cured at 7 days after calving, compared with 48.3% in the control group. Furthermore, the changes in mammary secretion induced by the infusion of bovine lactoferrin were investigated. Mean numbers of staphylococci in mammary gland secretions were significantly decreased in both 5 bovine lactoferrin-infused quarters and 5 antibiotic-infused control quarters (p<0.05). Unlike in the control quarters, the mean total cell concentration in the mammary gland secretions increased in bovine lactoferrin-infused quarters. Similar results were obtained in 6 healthy quarters which were infused with bovine lactoferrin. In these quarters, the cell population contained mainly phagocytes such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cells positive for CD11b which is known as a complement receptor. The mean concentration of C3 in mammary gland secretions was significantly increased in 5 mastitic quarters infused with bovine lactoferrin (p<0.05), but showed no significant change in 5 mastitic control quarters. These results suggested that bovine lactoferrin treatment for staphylococcal mastitis in the early non-lactating period might increase the rate of cure through the induction of innate immunity in the host.  相似文献   

Residues of aflatoxins in the liver,muscle and eggs of domestic fowls     

Bintvihok A  Thiengnin S  Doi K  Kumagai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(11):1037-1039

The residue of aflatoxins in the liver, muscle and eggs of laying ducks, hens and quails and in broiler chickens was examined by conducting 7-day feeding experiments with a diet containing 3 ppm Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Birds were sacrificed on the 8th or 11th day of AFB1 feeding. AFB1 and its metabolites in the tissues and eggs were determined by HPLC. The tissue levels of AFB1 and its metabolites were higher in quail than in the other birds. The levels of AFB1 and its metabolites, including acid-hydrolyzable metabolites, were more than 10-fold higher in the liver than in the muscle in all the species. The ratio of AFB1 in the feed to the residual level in the liver was 383 in quail, but was > or = 5769 in the other birds. The corresponding ratios in the egg yolk and albumen of AFB1 were 4615 and 3846, respectively, in chicken hens, and these values were higher than those in the other birds.  相似文献   

Effects of feeding polyphenol‐rich winery wastes on digestibility,nitrogen utilization,ruminal fermentation,antioxidant status and oxidative stress in wethers          下载免费PDF全文

Kyohei Ishida  Yosuke Kishi  Kazato Oishi  Hiroyuki Hirooka  Hajime Kumagai 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(3):260-269

Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the availability of two types of winery wastes, winery sediment and grape pomace, as ruminant feeds possessing antioxidant activities. Each wether was assigned to one of the following four treatments: (i) 75 g/kg winery sediment (WS) on a dry matter (DM) basis; (ii) 166 g/kg DM winery grape pomace (WP); (iii) control diet (CD; 17 g/kg DM soybean meal);and (iv) only tall fescue hay (TFH; no additive). Winery sediment and grape pomace had high levels of polyphenols and of radical scavenging activities. Feeding with winery sediment and grape pomace did not negatively affect the intake, but it depressed crude protein (CP) digestibility compared with CD (P = 0.052 and P < 0.01 for WS and WP, respectively). Polyphenols in winery wastes decreased ruminal ammonia production (P = 0.089 and P < 0.05), likely due to their inhibitive effect on microbial activities in the rumen. The addition of winery sediment and grape pomace decreased urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG; an index of oxidative damages) excretion per day (P < 0.05 and P = 0.059). The results indicated that winery sediment and grape pomace could alter nitrogen metabolism and/or act as new antioxidants for ruminants.  相似文献   

Measurement of intestinal mucosal permeability in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis     

Kobayashi S  Ohno K  Uetsuka K  Nakashima K  Setoguchi A  Fujino Y  Tsujimoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(7):745-749

Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) is a type of canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). One of its most probable causes is a defect in the mucosal permeability barrier. In the present study, intestinal permeability in LPE dogs was examinated to evaluate its clinical value. Twenty-nine dogs with LPE diagnosed by clinical and histological examinations were included in this study. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by measuring the ratio of the concentrations of two sugars (lactulose (L) and rhamnose (R)) with different molecular weights in urine samples after oral administration of a solution containing them. Biopsy specimens of duodenum were evaluated according to histological criteria. The urinary L:R ratio in the 29 LPE dogs (1.68 +/- 1.17, mean +/- SD) was significantly higher than that in the 10 healthy control dogs (0.75 +/- 0.38, P<0.01). In the LPE dogs, a weak correlation was observed between the histopathological grading score of the duodenum and the urinary L:R ratio (r=0.408, P<0.05). The urinary L:R ratio in the 20 dogs showing hypoalbuminemia (< 2.5 g/dl) was significantly higher than that in the 9 dogs with normal serum albumin levels > 2.5 g/dl (P<0.01). In conclusion, permeability of the intestinal mucosa as determined by the urinary L:R ratio could be a useful laboratory parameter for evaluating intestinal damage in LPE dogs.  相似文献   

Recent human impact on vegetation in Takkobu, northern Japan, reconstructed from fossil pollen in lake sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yuri Kumagai  Young Sang Ahn  Futoshi Nakamura 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(4):223-232

The vegetation of Takkobu, northern Japan, has been significantly altered by land-use development following Japanese settlement at the end of the 19th century. In order to assess the impact of human activity on vegetation dynamics in Takkobu, changes in the vegetation composition over the last 300 years were reconstructed from fossil pollen in the sediments of Lake Takkobu. The pollen assemblage represented broadleaved forests on the surrounding hills and alder forests found on the margin of the wetland bordering the lake. Prior to Japanese settlement, the hillside forests consisted predominantly of oak. However, with the onset of land-use development, a significant decline in oak relative to increasing birch was apparent, particularly after the early 1960s. These results suggest that successive logging since the 1880s had gradually undermined the resilience of oak. An increase of Artemisia and birch pollen also indicates an expansion of disturbed land. Since the 1960s, a large part of the broadleaved forests in Takkobu has been converted to larch plantations, although this was not represented in the pollen data because of the underrepresentation of larch pollen. The results of the pollen analysis have implications for forest restoration in Takkobu. The use of long-term data allows the determination of the baseline (natural) vegetation to be restored, and also illustrates the factors affecting present-day vegetation and how it may change in the future.  相似文献   

Characterization of Antioxidant Activity of Heated Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Red Alga Dulse Palmaria palmata in Japan     

Yuki Nishida  Wataru Saburi  Yoshikatsu Miyabe  Hideki Kishimura  Yuya Kumagai 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)

We recently demonstrated the monthly variation and antioxidant activity of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) from red alga dulse in Japan. The antioxidant activity of MAAs in acidic conditions was low compared to that in neutral and alkali conditions, but we found strong antioxidant activity from the heated crude MAA fraction in acidic conditions. In this study, we identified and characterized the key compounds involved in the antioxidant activity of this fraction. We first isolated two MAAs, palythine, and porphyra-334, from the fraction and evaluated the activities of the two MAAs when heated. MAAs possess absorption maxima at around 330 nm, while the heated MAAs lost this absorption. The heated MAAs showed a high ABTS radical scavenging activity at pH 5.8–8.0. We then determined the structure of heated palythine via ESI-MS and NMR analyses and speculated about the putative antioxidant mechanism. Finally, a suitable production condition of the heated compounds was determined at 120 °C for 30 min at pH 8.0. We revealed compounds from red algae with antioxidant activities at a wide range of pH values, and this information will be useful for the functional processing of food.  相似文献   

Characterization of an Unknown Region Linked to the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 17 β-1,3-Glucanase of Vibrio vulnificus Reveals a Novel Glucan-Binding Domain     

Yuya Kumagai  Hideki Kishimura  Weeranuch Lang  Takayoshi Tagami  Masayuki Okuyama  Atsuo Kimura 《Marine drugs》2022,20(4)

The glycoside hydrolase family 17 β-1,3-glucanase of Vibrio vulnificus (VvGH17) has two unknown regions in the N- and C-termini. Here, we characterized these domains by preparing mutant enzymes. VvGH17 demonstrated hydrolytic activity of β-(1→3)-glucan, mainly producing laminaribiose, but not of β-(1→3)/β-(1→4)-glucan. The C-terminal-truncated mutants (ΔC466 and ΔC441) showed decreased activity, approximately one-third of that of the WT, and ΔC415 lost almost all activity. An analysis using affinity gel containing laminarin or barley β-glucan revealed a shift in the mobility of the ΔC466, ΔC441, and ΔC415 mutants compared to the WT. Tryptophan residues showed a strong affinity for carbohydrates. Three of four point-mutations of the tryptophan in the C-terminus (W472A, W499A, and W542A) showed a reduction in binding ability to laminarin and barley β-glucan. The C-terminus was predicted to have a β-sandwich structure, and three tryptophan residues (Trp472, Trp499, and Trp542) constituted a putative substrate-binding cave. Linker and substrate-binding functions were assigned to the C-terminus. The N-terminal-truncated mutants also showed decreased activity. The WT formed a trimer, while the N-terminal truncations formed monomers, indicating that the N-terminus contributed to the multimeric form of VvGH17. The results of this study are useful for understanding the structure and the function of GH17 β-1,3-glucanases.  相似文献   

On the induced spawning and larval rearing of milkfish,Chanos chanos (Forskal)     

I-Chiu Liao  J.V. Juario  S. Kumagai  H. Nakajima  Marietta Natividad  P. Buri 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1979,18(2):75-93

A female milkfish, captured at sea, was injected with two hormonal injections of acetone-dried salmon pituitary powder and human chorionic gonadotropin, plus Vitamin B complex. It was stripped, and produced 128,000 ripe eggs with an average diameter of 1.15 mm. Fertilization rate was 38% following artificial fertilization with milt from an uninjected male. A total of 36,000 larvae hatched (74% of fertile eggs) after 26–32 h at 34 ‰ salinity and 27–32°C. The newly hatched larvae measured 3.4 mm in mean total length and possessed a large yolk sac. The mouth of the larvae opened about 54 h after hatching. The larvae were fed with fertilized oyster eggs, rotifers, copepods, brine shrimp, flour and prepared feed, together with Chlorella. A critical period was between the 4th and 6th days with mortality over 80%. The larvae started increasing in length by Day 8, and had the appearance of the wild fry by Day 11. On Day 13 a pigmentation pattern developed and the biggest larva measured 10.0 mm. By Day 18 the larvae measured 12.5 mm, and 14.5 mm by Day 21. A total of 2,859 fry was obtained; the highest larval survival rate obtained from different experimental groups was 46.8%.  相似文献   

Genetically modified rapeseed oil containing cis-9,trans-11,cis-13-octadecatrienoic acid affects body fat mass and lipid metabolism in mice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Koba K  Imamura J  Akashoshi A  Kohno-Murase J  Nishizono S  Iwabuchi M  Tanaka K  Sugano M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3741-3748

Punicic acid, one of the conjugated linolenic acid (CLN) isomers, exerts a body-fat reducing effect. Although punicic acid is found in pomegranate and Tricosanthes kirilowii seeds, the amount of this fatty acid is very low in nature. The goal of this study was to produce a transgenic oil containing punicic acid. A cDNA encoding conjugase that converts linoleic acid to punicic acid was isolated from T. kirilowii, and the plant expression vector, pKN-TkFac, was generated. The pKN-TkFac was introduced into Brassica napus by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. As a result, a genetically modified rapeseed oil (GMRO) containing punicic acid was obtained, although its proportion to the total fatty acids was very low (approximately 2.5%). The effects of feeding GMRO in ICR CD-1 male mice were then examined. Wild-type rapeseed (B. napus) oil (RSO) containing no CLN was used as a control oil. For reference oils, RSO-based blended oils were prepared by mixing with different levels of pomegranate oil (PO), either 2.5% (RSO + PO) or 5.0% (RSO + 2PO) punicic acid. Mice were fed purified diets containing 10% of either RSO, RSO + PO, RSO + 2PO, or GMRO for 4 weeks, and dietary PO dose-dependently reduced perirenal adipose tissue weight with a significant difference between the RSO group and the RSO + 2PO group. GMRO, as compared to RSO, lowered the adipose tissue weight to the levels observed with RSO + 2PO. The liver triglyceride level of the RSO + 2PO and GMRO groups but not that of the RSO + PO group was lower than that of the RSO group. The RSO + 2PO and GMRO groups, but not the RSO + PO group, had increased carnitine-palmitoyltransferase activity in the liver and brown adipose tissue. These results showed that dietary GMRO, even at a dietary punicic acid level as low as 0.25 wt % of diet, reduced body fat mass and altered liver lipid metabolism in mice and was more effective than an equal amount of punicic acid from PO.  相似文献   

C-reactive protein concentration in canine idiopathic polyarthritis     

Ohno K  Yokoyama Y  Nakashima K  Setoguchi A  Fujino Y  Tsujimoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1275-1279

To investigate the clinical utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) in idiopathic polyarthritis (IPA), its concentration was measured in dogs with IPA. The CRP concentration was markedly increased in all the IPA dogs at the time of diagnosis and decreased significantly in response to the initial corticosteroid treatment; this indicated that CRP can be used as an index for therapeutic response in IPA cases. Furthermore, at 6 months after the diagnosis, a significant association was observed between the CRP concentration at follow-up (6-13 days after the treatment was started) and the frequency of medication ("no or seldom-medicated (NSM)" groups or "continuing medication (CM)" groups). These results suggest that the initial response of CRP to corticosteroid treatment may be a prognostic factor of canine IPA.  相似文献